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1284
Salvano d'Aramento degli Amati Glasses
Salvano d'Aramento degli Amati invented the first spectacles -
Hans and Zacharias Janssen invented the first microscope.
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First Microscope invented
Dutch lens grinders Hans and Zacharias Janssen make the first microscope by placing two lenses in a tube -
Hooke's Micrographia
Among his work were a description of cork and its ability to float in water. -
Redi's meat experiment
he used three flasks that had different meats, first flask was open, second flask was sealed, the last flask was covered with a cloth. He found that the first flask did not contain any maggots, while the second flask did contain maggots, the last flask had maggots on the cloth. -
Anton van Leeuwenhoek Microscope
Using his microscope that he invented, he looked at blood, insects and many other objects. . -
Leeuwenhoek Discovered bacteria
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Charles Hall
He discovered that by using a second lens of different shape and refracting properties, he could realign colors with minimal impact on the magnification of the first lens. -
Needham's broth experiment
Needham Redi's findings by conducting an experiment in which he placed a broth into a flask hope he would kill anything, he then sealed it. After a few days, Needham observed that the broth had become cloudy and a single drop contained numerous microscopic creatures. -
Lazzaro Spallanzani challenged Needham's broth experiment
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Joseph Jackson Lister
Joseph Jackson Lister reduces the problem with spherical aberration by showing that several weak lenses used together at certain distances gave good magnification without blurring the image -
Period: to
Schleiden and Schwann studied
plant and animal cells and were able to view the nucleus, a structure within cells that controls cell function. Through their studies, they concluded that all living things were made up of cells and that a cell is the smallest unit of organization in a living thing. These ideas formed the basis for cell theory. -
Pasteur's swan neck flask experiment
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Rudolf Virchow
studied cellular pathology and proposed that all cells come from other cells -
Ernst Abbe
He formulated a mathematical theory correlating resolution to the wavelength of light. Abbe’s formula makes calculations of maximum resolution in microscopes possible. -
Walter Fleming discovered cell mitosis and chromosomes
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Richard Zsigmondy ultra-microscope
His microscope is able to study objects below the wavelength of light -
Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska
invented the first electron microscope that blasted past the optical limitations of the light. Physics dictates that light microscopes are limited by the physics of light to 500x or 1000x magnification and a resolution of 0.2 micrometers. -
Frits Zernike's phase-contrast microscope
allows the study of colourless and transparent biological materials -
Ernst Ruska developed the electron microscope
The ability to use electrons in microscopy greatly improves the resolution and greatly expands the borders of exploration -
Miller and Urey chemical experiment
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Lynn Margulis first made the case for endosymbiosis
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The scanning tunneling microscope
Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invent the scanning tunneling microscope that gives three-dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level.
