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Salvano d'Aramento degli Amati invented the first spectacles
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Dutch lens grinders Hans and Zacharias Janssen make the first microscope by placing two lenses in a tube
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Among his work were a description of cork and its ability to float in water.
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he used three flasks that had different meats, first flask was open, second flask was sealed, the last flask was covered with a cloth. He found that the first flask did not contain any maggots, while the second flask did contain maggots, the last flask had maggots on the cloth.
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Using his microscope that he invented, he looked at blood, insects and many other objects. .
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He discovered that by using a second lens of different shape and refracting properties, he could realign colors with minimal impact on the magnification of the first lens.
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Needham Redi's findings by conducting an experiment in which he placed a broth into a flask hope he would kill anything, he then sealed it. After a few days, Needham observed that the broth had become cloudy and a single drop contained numerous microscopic creatures.
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Joseph Jackson Lister reduces the problem with spherical aberration by showing that several weak lenses used together at certain distances gave good magnification without blurring the image
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plant and animal cells and were able to view the nucleus, a structure within cells that controls cell function. Through their studies, they concluded that all living things were made up of cells and that a cell is the smallest unit of organization in a living thing. These ideas formed the basis for cell theory.
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studied cellular pathology and proposed that all cells come from other cells
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He formulated a mathematical theory correlating resolution to the wavelength of light. Abbe’s formula makes calculations of maximum resolution in microscopes possible.
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His microscope is able to study objects below the wavelength of light
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invented the first electron microscope that blasted past the optical limitations of the light. Physics dictates that light microscopes are limited by the physics of light to 500x or 1000x magnification and a resolution of 0.2 micrometers.
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allows the study of colourless and transparent biological materials
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The ability to use electrons in microscopy greatly improves the resolution and greatly expands the borders of exploration
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Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invent the scanning tunneling microscope that gives three-dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level.
