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Age of The Steamboat
*North river steam boats was built by Charles Browne, completed in 1807.
*It dominate trade through out the U.S
*Steamboat were able to go large distances so people could travel further into the U.S
*Steamboats were strong for 100 yrs. -
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New Immigration
*Most immigrant groups that came to America came from Northern&Western Europe. This was mainly because democracy and religions prosecution in their country.
*Chicago, St. Louis, New York and the Great Plains were cities and regions the immigrants would travel to
*These immigrants would work in railroads and customary form jobs -
Morse Code
*The first working telegraph produced in 1844
*Developed in 1830's &1840's by Samuel Morse
*Led to inventions of the telephones, fax machine, internet, & iPhones
*Helped to communicate quicker, receive and send important messages
*Been built in the railway systems, soon spread to mass communication, then installed in post offices -
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Tammy Hall & boss tweed
*They targeted the poor/new immigrants, They offered them jobs&places to live in return for there vote
*They gained power by using dishonest politician. To help steal N.Y bank accounts
*Tammy Hall favorite political party was Democats -
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Cattle Drive Era
*Cattle drives started in Texas ended in the Mid-West (Kansas or Nebraska) @the RR lines
*More beef was needed in the East Coast due to the growing population in big cities like Chicago
*New technology end the cattle drive, it was called barbed wire. -
Chinese Exclosionary Act
*The cea had a ripple effect in U.S
*In 1902 the ban against the immigration of Chinese laborers was made permanent
*At the end of 1888 the Scott Act made it hard for Chinese to travel&return to U.S
*The CEA, of Chinese immigrants to resist poor treatment&pay by whites, it resulted to death of cheap labor
*The Chinese were payed less then whites were worried about there jobs because there were giving less money for cheap labor -
Homestead Act
*Homestead Act designed to grant public land in the west for agriculture
*Native American population diminished with west settlements
*Signed by Pres. Lincoln in May 20,1862 -
Transcontinental Railroad
*The transcontinental railroad united the nations
*Farmers were able to ship goods and crops
*The railroad also gave people a way to travel
*Cattle drive didn't drive the cattle as far to them off to east coast -
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Rise of Labor Unions
*Fought for wages & better working conditions
*Stopped child labor
*Provided health benefits who were injured or retired
*Unions rely on on strike and boycott against sometime the strikes led to violence
*1st time African Americans were desegregated + allowed to join union -
Nast Cartoon about "Boss Tweed"
*Nast used his cartoons to attack the Tammany Hall political Ring and Boss Tweed to be removed from power in the election of November 7, 1871 (in NY). Tweed was arrested in 1873 and convicted of fraud. -
John D. Rockefeller "Captains of Industry" (Horizontal Integration)
*The captains dominated the standard oil co.
*Standard began buying out its competitors
*Bought out thousands of acres of forest to block out competitors from running their own pipelines
*The men in league w/ J.D.R bought off people&things to stay on top to make $
*These men were sometimes so ruthless they were given the name "Robber Barons"
*J.D.R lowered prices of oil from the co. he took over, his was the cheapest than other co.
*Other Co. couldn't compete so they went out of business -
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Gilded Age and Westward Expansion
*The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and West. American wages, especially for skilled workers, were much higher than in Europe, which attracted millions of immigrants.
*Railroads were the major industry, but the factory system, mining, and finance increased
*Labor unions became important in industrial areas
* "This time period is characterized by economic growth, widespread poverty, westward expansion, and political corruption -
Bessemer Steel Process
*The removal of impurities in iron.
*The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production, decreasing cost.
*This process also made steel 10x stronger than iron.
*RR went further building due to strength+low cost of steel. -
Hull House
*To provide higher civic and social life.Located in Chicago, Illinois.
*Founded by Ellen G. Starr & Jane Addams
*Both their leadership made woman more politically influenced
*Had more power among men -
Homestead Strike
*Frick sent 300 pinkerton and met 10,000 strikers, again a fight broke out til the National Guard came to stop them
*Carnegie wanted to break the union, Frick began locking the workers out the plant
*Government supported, because they were being affected by money -
Andrew Carnegie "Captains of Industry"
*Founded his steel company in 1892
*In 1901, sold his company and merged it with other steel companies to make U.S Steel
*Became a philanthropist after selling. Donating to public libraries, edu. system, &science. Spent $1.1 mil. constructing Carnegie Hall.
*Wrote "Gospel of Wealth" in 1889, about how the wealthy should spend their money to help the poor -
Pull Man Strike
CAUSES
*Manufacturer of railroad cars
*Cut the already low wages of its workers abt 25%. But did NOT introduce corresponding reduction interest&other changes
EFFECT
*American railroad way union striking
*Small group, 260,000 joined
*Refused to hitch cars
*Refused to handle Pullman's car
RESULT
*Federal injunction
*Strikes&violent reactions ruined his rep. -
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Angel Island
*Is in San Francisco Bay, processed one million Asian immigrants.
*Chinese+Japanese immigrants
Requirements many Chinese immigrants were forced to prove they had a husband,father, or were in good health.
*Many Chinese when they got there were sent to jail b/c his or her country was weak and poor. -
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The Great Migration
PUSH FACTORS TO SOUTH
*Violence&hate
*No jobs
PULL FACTOR OF NORTH
*Job opportunities
*Voting was a right
Migrated for new job opportunities, blacks moved north to escape from oppressive conditions of the south like lynching, unfair legal system, inequality of education. -
Americanization Day
*Americanization is the process in the U.S to assimilate into american society
*The Americanization movement was a nationwide organized effort to being millions of recent immigrants into the American cultural system
*AKA Loyalty day- day set aside for the recognition of the heritage of American freedom, intended to replace "may day" which commemorates the 1886 Haymarket Massacre -
Haymarket Riot
*A labor protest that turned violent when someone threw a bomb at police
*Protest was awareness for bad working conditions
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