-
430
Plato
Knowledge is " Justified true belief" Reality exist only in the world of ideas Topus Uranus--> Uranus comes from inner relfection! Knowledge is within Allegory of the CAVE
* only philosopher can leave the cave: they have access to the truth Nativist
Inborn
Nature -
480
Aristotele
(50 year later ( -380 BC) We learn through experience and we link ideas through laws:
1) similarity
2) contrast
3) contiguity (temporal relationship)
4) Frequency (event that happen often together can be associated) empiricist
experience
Nurture -
Period: Jan 22, 1561 to
Francis Bacon (UK)
Unified logical explanation of physics with an experimental method -
Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Galileo Galilei (Italy)
Systematic approach to study physics in the heavens and earth -
Period: Apr 1, 1578 to
William Harvey (UK)
Experimental method to study blood circulation -
Period: to
René Descartes
I think therefore I am Mind body dualism Does a reason (and free will) guide all of human behavior? How does the body "work" with the mind? --> machine reflex : knees, sneezing ( animal and human) Reason makes us free and unique, voluntary behaviors are guided by free will Body: complex machine capable of reacting to external stimuli Some ideas are inside the mind from birth : Unified the 1630s science revolution -
Period: to
John locke
Bristish Empiricist --> Group of philosophers led by John Locke Knowledge comes from experience Elaborated on Aristotele's empiricist ideas Tabula rasa: John locke baby ( Blank sltate)
Children's mind are bland and become engraved through experience The conscious mind is made of specific elements: it is finite Elements --> combined to produce complex association ( law of association) could not be tested ( would not be ethic) -
Period: to
Charles Darwin
Natural selection: adaptation to environnmental pressures Trait vary within and between species
trait are heritable : offspring may express them
competition for limited ressources
survival of the fittest : reproductive advantage Behaviors are evolutionary adaptations too! -
Period: to
Wilhelm Wundt
STRUCTURALISM
(1st lab)
use of the scientific method
introspection -
Period: to
William James (Functionnalism)
Scientific study of the mind! + Evolution = ok with that mind is an adaptation --> adaptative process (mind is complex) Focus more on adaptative value > structure of the mind Still use of the introspection and study consciousness Trans-species research is of value --> Direct link with Behavioralism -
The origin of species
-
Period: to
Edward Titchener
Student of Wundt introspection ( not reliable ) method not the greatest
not focus on consciousnes so much Brought systematic observation to psychology -
Period: to
John b Waston
-
Period: to
Karl Popper (Fasfiability)
Science progresses through Fasifiability; not confirmation -
Period: to
Thomas Kuhn (paradigm)
Change to a theory is determined by psychological and sociological factors. paradigm
Normal science
Crisis stage
--> Shift in paradigm -
Falsficationism
Sciences progresses by disproving the explanatory value of existing theories, not by insisting on its confirmation However, it usually takes more than a few exceptions to bring down a theory -
The structure of scientific revolution
-
Paul Glimcher
Book : Decisions, Uncertainty and the Brain,
The science of Neuroeconomics. MIT press
