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100 BCE
Pueblo/Anasazi
The Anasazi puebloans were spread all throughout North America from Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. They lived in cliff houses as a defense against enemy tribes. They had a lose society, and were pacifists. However, they did come up with advanced irrigation systems to cut their work in half. -
Period: 100 BCE to
Beginnings to Exploration
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500
The Dark Ages
During the Dark Ages there was a major regression. Feudalism was an important factor in the regression because the king would grant land and money to nobles, and the peasants could live with nobles but they had to work and share their earnings with their masters.They had a bad economy because of the feudalism society. Also the Catholic church was dominate in education, and they withheld the people from learning. -
Jan 1, 1095
The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars against Muslims trying to reclaim holy lands. Although the Crusades were unsuccessful, they did extend Christianity. The Catholic church increased in power. Also the wars between the Muslim and Christians created a demand for goods, which increased trade. Many people believe that the Crusades were actually successful because they influenced the view on religion and brought back knowledge from their expeditions. -
Feb 28, 1200
Olmecs
The Olmec's are the oldest Latin American civilization. They developed from hunters and gatherers to farmers. Without this major advancement in agriculture many would have died of kidney diseases because their diet only included meat. Also agriculture led to many other advancements as time progressed like the plow and wheel barrow. -
Jan 1, 1248
Aztec
The Aztecs were the most powerful empire, they had an estimated population of 20 million. Their cities closely resembled European cities. They were well known for their agriculture cultivation's such as the advanced irrigation systems, ability to drain swaps, and creating their own islands. They established a caste system, where warriors, nobles, and priest were at the top. While commoners, serfs, and slaves were at the bottom. -
Jan 1, 1346
The Black Death
The Black Death resulted in 25 million deaths. During this time period there were no workers due to the significant amount of deaths. As a result Feudalism fell. Later, a merchant society formed because of the need for supplies, and the Silk Road connecting the Europe to Asia. -
Aug 3, 1492
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus believed that there was a direct water route from Europe to Asia. He went to Spain hoping that the king and queen would fund his expedition. They agreed because they thought they would never see him again. In his first voyage he sailed west and made landfall on what he thought was Asia, but it was actually a Bahamian Island. He looked for gold, but did not find anything so he left and named the island Hispaniola. He later made three more trips. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
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John Smith
The first settlers in the new world arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. They were private charters and the settlers came looking for gold, but they quickly found that there was no gold. Many died of starvation because they didn't know how to grow their own food. However, John Smith, a soldier and adventurer quickly negotiated a treaty with the natives, and they survived the first winter with the help of the natives. Also Smith helped them make a profit out of growing tobacco. -
Plymouth Colony
The Puritans believed that England was corrupted, so they set sail to the new world on the Mayflower. They arrived to Plymouth in 1620. They established the Mayflower compact which legally made Plymouth a settlement. They had a hard time growing food because the soil was sandy and lose. Many died of diseases and starvation. However, a Squanto, a native from a nearby village showed them how to grow crops in the sandy soil. -
Caribbean Colonies
The Bahamas and Jamaica were both British Colonies. They were used to produce sugar. Due to the increase demand for sugar in Europe more people were needed to work in the fields and collect the crops, so the British brought slaves from Africa to do the work. The Caribbean Colonies were extremely valuable to England. -
James II
James II became the first Catholic monarch in England for over 100 years. He wanted a Spanish style government focused more around religion. He also imposed new taxes and laws, which required reapplications for land deeds, which upset many nobles. He planned to dissolve parliament, but parliament stepped in and James II was removed from the thrown. -
Anne Hutchinson
Anne Hutchinson was a Puritan religious leader who moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. She often gave religious advice to other women in the colony. Although in 1636, she started speaking against Puritan ways. Hutchinson was banned from the colonies, charged with sedition, and accused of being a heretic. She moved to Rhode Island and many of her followers came along with her. She helped give women a voice in religious matters -
Pennsylvania
William Penn wanted to create a religious refuge for Quakers.He was owed money by the king, so instead the king granted him land. Penn created a proprietary colony named Pennsylvania. It later provided religious freedom from any one who wanted to practice their own religion freely. -
Salem Witch Trials
In Salem Village, Massachusetts several young girls claimed they were possessed by the devil and accused women of witchcraft. Many people freaked out and accused many others of witchcraft which led to innocents being hanged. After several months the trials were declared unlawful, and many of the people involved in the trials apologized for their roles in the deaths of the young women. The Massachusetts colony later passed legislation restoring the names of those killed. -
Period: to
Colonial America to 1763
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Slave Rebellions
Slavery was spread throughout all of the colonies. In the north, slaves weren't as vital as in the south, so they were mainly used as domestic servants. However, in both the North and the South slaves would rebel against their masters by sabotaging equipment and faking illnesses. They would even slow the work place, causing their masters to lose profits. -
Lower South
The Lower South consisted of colonies with fertile land perfect for farming and growing crops. They grew mainly rice and cotton, but it was very labor intensive so they had many slaves. However, the Lower South mainly had rich white plantation owners and other types of farmers. -
New England
The New England colonies were surrounded by sandy soil and bad weather conditions for growing crops. However, they would build ships, fish, and trade supplies across the Atlantic. The North was very industrialized, as well as diverse. Many people from Europe settled in northern areas. -
Free Black Communities
Free Black Communities were mostly common in the North and West. The North viewed slaves as people just not as equals, so there was still segregation laws. Also in the North it was easier to get jobs since there were more cities and industrialization was growing. However, slaves constantly competed for jobs with immigrants from Europe. -
The Atlantic Slave Trade
As labor increased in the colonies, the more slavery was needed to provide free labor. Thus the Atlantic Slave Trade was created, Africans were captured by other tribes who would exchange them for weapons and other supplies. By the 1700s Spain, Portugal, and Holland led the slave trade, but Britain quickly took over. Slaves were brought to North America through the Middle Passage. Slaves would late be conditioned for the hard labor they would be forced to endure then auctioned off. -
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was the figure head of the Enlightenment. Franklin led America through many hardships. He believed that the way to have peaceful nation-states was to bloom economically. Also he like the idea of a federalists government to give citizens a sense individualism and restrict government power. He later helped write the Declaration of Independence and signed it as a retaliation against the British. -
Virtual Representation
After colonist had their first Continental Congress, the British responded by assigning members of Parliament to represent the colonist. However, they did not care for the well being of the colonist, so they rejected them. To enforce the new government the British government enacted several acts such as the Navigation Act which tightened control over trade with the colonies. In retaliation the colonist elected their own representatives. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War 1763 - 1783
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Treaty of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the Seven-Years War, it consisted of five different treaties. The treaty will end French rule on North America and British gain control of Canada. The French are only left with Haiti. -
Acts of Parliament
After the Seven Years War England was near bankruptcy. Parliament then imposed the Sugar Act which put a tax on all sugar, the colonist resisted to pay it and petitioned to remove the tax. The British government passed a lot more Acts, which upset the colonist greatly. As a result the colonist revolted and this led to the events leading up to the American Revolution. -
Boston Massacre
British troops put in Boston because of boycotting and rebellions. Bostonian's upset over the troops, and harass the troops. They yell at them and start to throw rocks. The soldiers fearing for their lives open fire and kill many bystanders. Paul Revere, a local journalist witnesses the whole event and publishes a fake article over the event. The article says that the soldiers open fired and killed innocent citizens. Everyone all over the colonies reads about the events and are angered. -
Boston Tea Party
Many citizens are still angered over the Boston Massacre, and the British refuse to revoke the tax on tea which upsets them more. The Sons of Liberty decide to retaliate against the taxes on tea, and they dress up as Indians and dump all of the tea in the harbor. The British then close all of the harbors, and take over Boston. -
1st Continental Congress
Colonial leaders become concerned with the events that are occurring in Boston, so they hold a conference in Philadelphia. All of the colonies send representatives except for Georgia. They plan to denounce the Intolerable Acts, as well as boycott all of British goods. Patrick Henry, the representative for Virginia warns of coming conflict, but demands for independence in his " Give me death or give me liberty," speech. -
Patriots vs. Loyalists
After the colonies declare themselves independent some people become upset because they side with Britain in the conflict. About half of the colonies were loyalists, while about 20% were patriots, and the rest were neutral. The loyalists were isolated, and their land was seized by the patriots. Many of the loyalist fled to Britain. -
Common Sense
Thomas Paine, a well known political activist. He wrote the well known book, Common Sense. In his book he argues for the independence from Britain, and says he wants a democratic-republican government. Common Sense also attacks the monarchy, and changes American colonial views on the monarchy. -
The Declaration of Independence
The colonies declare themselves united and independent from Britain. Thomas Jefferson charged with writing the draft. However, all founding fathers sign it, no turning back at this point. It is completed on July 2nd but published on July 4th. The Declaration of Independence was also used as a plea for help from Britain's enemies. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was the 1st written constitution of the US. The US was a loose confederation of independent states with their own currency, laws, power, and jurisdiction. The Articles of Confederation was used as a method to restrict the central government. Many people argued over the decision to have a strong central government, or keep the Articles of Confederation and have no central government. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Problems with the British
Even after the colonies gain their independence, they still have unresolved problems with Britain. British still have control over forts, and land in south of Mississippi River. Also the Native Americans were attacking Americans because they were taking their lands. -
Shay's Rebellion
After the American revolution the US was heavily in debt. However, they owed pension to the soldiers who fought in the war. Later, Daniel Shay leads revolutionary war veterans to Massachusetts. The rebellion spreads, but is quickly put down. The rebellion gives a sense of urgency, and people start to question if US would survive. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia plan was one of three plans to restrict state power. It was mainly for large states with more population. The Virginia plan called for 1 president, a supreme court, 2 house legislatures, a house of representatives elected by the people, and a senate elected by the house of representatives. -
New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey Plan was made for smaller states with a smaller population. It was basically a modified Articles of Confederation. The New Jersey Plan had a single legislature, executive elected by congress. However, the judiciary had less power. -
Northwest Ordinance
After the Second Continental Congress was held the US government decided to expand westward to gain more territory. However, they band slavery from moving westward because southern planters would be in competition with other farmers who moved west. Also the government was still under the Articles of Confederation, so they couldn't restrict the balance between free and slave states. -
Connecticut Plan
The Connecticut Plan was made to ensure that both the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan were equal. They also cam to a compromise about whether slaves should count in population because the South had many slaves. They came up with the 3/5 Compromise where all slaves counted towards population. -
Period: to
New Republic
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The Great Debate
A series of protest and debates develop for and against the Constitution.Two parties from the Federalist and Anti-Federalists. The Federalists support the Constitution and an all powerful central government. While the Anti-Federalists support less government and states rights, they also support Bill of Rights. However, the Federalists end of wining with 2/3 vote, and powerful central government take care of pressing matters -
Election of 1788
In the first presidential election George Washington and John Adams were running against each other. George Washington won by a landslide, but John Adams became the vice president. While president Washington introduced the cabinet system. The Cabinet system like the prime minister system includes, the vice president and the heads of 15 executive departments. -
Two Party System
Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson both founding fathers argue whether the US should be federalist or anti-federalists. They come up with the two party system. The Republicans which is backed by Jefferson want a decentralized government with an economy based on farming. While the Federalist want a strong central government with an economy base around banking and investment. However, Hamilton's ideas appeal more to Washington. -
Bank of United States
The first Bank of the United States stabilizes currency and economic issues. It is used as a depository for federal funds and a way to make loans. The bank also gets private investors, but it sets of constitutionality issues. People start to question the governments power. -
International Conflicts
Britain still has control over forts, so the US and British sign the Jay's Treaty that resolves any issues between the both of them. Also Spain withholds the US from expanding, they take control of the Mississippi River, but we establish friendship and peace with Spain through Pickney's Treaty. -
Whiskey Rebellion
Pennsylvania and Kentucky farmers start making whiskey and selling it to support them economically. However, Hamilton decides to tax whiskey. Farmers revolt, and 6000 farmers threaten to attack Pittsburgh. Revolt quickly put down by Washington. This is becomes the first real test of the constitution. -
Election of 1796
Washington does not want a third term so he steps down, but he gives a farewell address he states that he wants US to stay out of conflicts and avoid permanent alliances. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson run against each other. Thomas Jefferson is for the Republican party, while Adams is for the Federalists. John Adams wins the election and Thomas Jefferson becomes vice president, but they don't get along . -
XYZ Affair
Jay's Treaty with the British limits French trade, so John Adams sends US diplomats to France to discuss issues. When they get to France they are ignored. The French want a bribe, so they propose the US pay them $250,000 for each diplomat and a 2 million dollar loan, they agree. John Adams goes against Washington's wishes to not get involved in conflicts and many people get upset. -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
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Jefferson Administration
Thomas Jefferson was elected president, he fought to put basis of republicanism into action. He wanted to limit the size of the government, by reducing national debt. He also stood against the Sedition and Alien Acts. Jefferson and Madison wrote the Kentucky Resolutions, which gave states the right to nullify a law they declared unconstitutional. He bough Louisiana from the French and sent Lewis and Clark on their expedition to the west. -
Hamilton vs. Burr
Hamilton was the vice president and Burr was an American politician. Hamilton and Burr were longtime rivals. Although dueling was illegal, the Hamilton and Burr duel was fought and Hamilton was fatally wounded. Burr becomes an outlaw, and Federalists are left leaderless. -
Embargo Act 1807
The Embargo Act was put in place because the British violated Jay's Treaty by seizing American merchantmen and cargo. They deprived British and France of US goods, but many Americans are upset because they don't get their money. The Embargo Act is one of the many reasons the US goes into war with the British again. -
Madison Presidency
James Madison is elected president in 1809. He comes into office facing big issues concerning the Embargo Act hurting the economy. As well as the British giving guns to Natives. The Tecumseh, a Native American tribe will rise and raid American settlements. These events lead to the 2nd American Revolution. -
War of 1812
After the events of the Native American raids, as wells as the British impressment of US citizens many people want war with British. However, Madison is skeptical because British have the most powerful navy. Americans enter the war but take a land based strategy. The British blockade American ports and take over parts of Canada. They take over the capitol, and burn the white house as revenge for Montreal. Americans win at Fort McHenry, but war declared a tie, doesn't resolve any issues. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Battle of New Orleans
In the Battle of New Orleans, Andrew Jackson fights of the British with a ragtag army of slaves, frontiersmen, Indians, and pirates defeat the British. Little did they know that the war was officially over, but news was slow to get to the south. However, Andrew Jackson was pronounced a hero all across the nation, and he became a household name. -
Florida
The US wanted to expand southward. Andrew Jackson led the invasion of Florida, attacked Seminoles, and took over Spanish ports. In 1819 the Spanish and US sign the Adam-Onis Treaty. The treaty declares Florida part of the US. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
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Charles Grandison Finney
Charles Finney was an American minister and leader in the 2nd Great Awakening in the US, he was commonly known for being the Father of Modern Revivalism. His religious views led him to promote social reforms. He was involved in many social reforms. Furthermore, the movement was strongly believed in equal education for women and African American. -
Election of 1824
The candidates in the election of 1824 were Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams. This election was the only one in history to be decided by the House of Representatives. However, Adams won the election and Jackson and his supporters were very upset and believed that the votes could be corrupted. -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
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Changes in Transportation and Communication
Transporting goods becomes easier as new ways of transportation are introduced. Railroads, roads, steamboats, and canals are all help build up the economy after the panic of 1819. Also the telegraph is invented by Samuel Morse, making it easier and faster to communicate. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson was the 7th US president, he was commonly known for being considered the first "common man." He become president and known as a hero for the Battle of New Orleans. He made changes to the way the presidency was run. Furthermore, even though he lost against John Q. Adams during his first run for presidency, he ran again and later became president. -
Canals
Canals were man-made rivers and needed for the Industrial Revolution which created heavy produce that needed to be moved. Acts of Parliament were passed for the constitution of many canals. They were essential as the Industrial Revolution demanded an economic and reliable way to transport goods in large quantities. Canals were used as a transport by the inland waterways in navigable rivers. -
John Q. Adams Presidency
John Q. Adams was the 6th president of the US. He ran against war hero Andrew Jackson. He is commonly known for being the son of founding father and 2nd US president, John Adams. After Adams won the election many people were upset because they said he had won due to corruption of the votes. After his presidency he was elected to the US House of Representatives. -
Southern Society
The economy in the south revolved around the agriculture. Most planters had around 1 to 9 slaves, they were considered wealthy. Yeoman Farmers were like the middle class most didn't own slaves, and they resented the planters because they were rich. Some Yeoman Farmers would form militias and catch runaway slaves for the planters. Tenant Farmers were considered the lower class, but many Planters always encouraged white supremacy because Tenant Farmers often engaged with blacks. -
Railroads
Railroads were a major factor during the 1st civil war. The advances in developing the railroad helped to increase safety and efficiently in coal mines since before they were created, coal mining was extremely dangerous. Railroads was essential since it made transportation easier, helped deliver manufactured goods and food. Costs of products also decreased because of railroads. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Turner was one of few slaves who knew how to read and right. He was very religious and often preached to others who couldn't read. While working in the field he witnessed an eclipse, and saw it as a sign from god to revolt against whites. He gathered many other slaves and they killed about 60 white men, women, and children. Turner and the rest of the slaves were later hanged. -
Nullification Crisis
The Nullification Crisis was a struggle between some states and Jackson. The states didn't want to pay the protective tariff, and states claimed the right to nullify. However, the states didn't have the power to go against the federal government. The states withdrew their objection to the tariff because of the compromise. -
Oregon Trail
The Oregon Trail is a very important event in American History since it was one of the main migration routes on the North American continent. The trail was branched off from it toward Utah and California. The Oregon Trail was laid down by traders and fur trappers. It was used by people in search for gold and a better life. -
Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jacinto was a battle of the Texas Revolution. It was led by General Sam Houston. General Santa Anna and his army were defeated. The causalities were 630 Mexicans killed and 730 taken prison. While very few Texans were killed. The public and private treaties of Velasco were signed by David G. Burnet and Santa Anna during the battle. -
Sam Houston
Sam Houston was commonly known for being the leader if the Texas Revolution. He was a politician and governor of Texas. In 1813, Sam joined the US army to fight in the War of 1812. After the war he worked for the government ad an intermediary with the Cherokee Indians in Tennessee. Houston was elected the 1st President of Texas in 1836 when it was its own country. -
Henry Clay
Henry Clay was Secretary of State by President John Quincy Adams. He was a Whig leader commonly known for his efforts to keep the US together after slavery controversies arise. Henry Clay, the Whig Party, John C. Calhoun, and Adams established the American System, which was a plan to strengthen and unify the nation. -
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg took place on July 1, 1836 in and near the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It was one of the most important battles of the Civil War for the North. Robert E. Lee had invaded the North and was trying to defeat the Union Army. However, the Union Army held him off and sent him retreating. On first day, the confederates outnumbered the Union the first day. By the second, the armies from both sides were now at full force, This was a major turning point in the war. -
William Henry Harrison
William Henry was 9th President of the US. He is most known for being the 1st president to die in office as well as for serving the shortest term of any president. In 1801, he became governor of the Northwest Territory after being nominated for the job by President John Adams. His job was to help settlers move into the new lands and then protect them from the Native Americans. -
Changes in Agriculture
Market Revolution starts in Britain and soon spreads to the US. John Deere invents the iron plow, as well as other innovations such as the butter churn and cotton gin. The cotton gin is invented by Eli Whitney hoping to decrease slavery, but he does the opposite, increasing slavery because of the need for people to work the cotton gins. Economy booms with these new innovations being able to produce goods quicker. -
Trail of Tears
Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Policy that forced Native Americans to move from their homelands to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. It took several years for the removal of the Native Americans. Around 17,000 Native Americans were forced to march to Oklahoma. At least 3,000 died along the journey. People from the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Musogee, and Seminole tribes were marched across hundreds of miles to reservations. -
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass is commonly known for being a former slave who became an ad visor to the presidents. He was an abolitionist, civil rights activists, and writer. In Massachusetts, Douglas met with people who were against slavery and were abolitionists. He spoke out against slavery and believed in equal rights of all people. He also fought for the rights of black soldiers during the Civil War. -
Growing Cities
By the 1840s cities were sprawling metropolises. People moved to the cities to find jobs in the factories. Transportation helped the growing population of the cities. Also European immigration increases as more and more Europeans move to start a better life. The cities grow more in diversity as well. -
Lowell Mills
The Lowell Mills were one of the first factories to hire women. These women became known as the Mills Girls. The Mills Girls took the opportunity to get out of the house and work to make a living. They lived in large boarding houses with other women. They worked long hours and the rooms were often crowded. Many jobs were needed as the Civil War took place. They also were taught how to read and write while at the Lowell Mills. -
Period: to
westward Expansion
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Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was a belief that the US were destined to expand across North America. Special virtues of the American people and their institutions were part of the Manifest Destiny. The Manifest Destiny made the US grow larger and become much wealthier. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush took place occurred during 1848. Over 300,000 people rushed to California to find gold. Gold was first discovered in California by James Marshall. Whenever gold was discovered in a new place, miners would move in and make camps. These camps would be called Boom towns. Most became ghost towns after most of the gold was taken. -
Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor is commonly known for his long military career and his victories in the Mexican American War. He became the 12th president of the US in 1849. In the War of 1812, he defended Fort Harrison from an attack by Native Americans. He commanded the US army in several battles during the Mexican American War. He was nominated by the Whig Party and many Southerners voted for him since he was pro slavery. -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman is commonly known as the leader of the underground railroad. She was a civil rights activists. Harriet escaped in 1849 to help free other slaves. Since the Fugitive Slave Act was passed, it became harder fro slaves to escape but Harriet still decided to help others . Also she helped during the Civil War and nursed many injured soldiers back to health. -
Fugitive Slave Act
The Fugitive Slave Act was passed in 1850. This made it a law that runaway slaves found in the North to be returned back to their owners. It also made it more difficult for the Underground Railroad. Slaves needed to be transported all the way to Canada in order to be safe from being put back into slavery. The law passed by the US Congress on Sept. 18th, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between South and North. -
Franklin Pierce
Franklin Pierce was the 14th President of the US, he is commonly known for his policies that helped push the US into the Civil War. The democratic party nominated him for president in 1852. He reopen the slavery issue by introducing the Kansas-Nebraska Act and supported the act which put an end to the Missouri Compromise and allowed new states to decide whether they would be a free or slave state. -
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the US, he is commonly known for leading the country during the Civil War. His leadership in the North helped the country stay strong and defeat he South, keeping the country united. Also he believed in the freedom for slaves throughout the nation. He won his second election, and issued the Emancipation Proclamation. -
Kansas Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed on May 30th, 1854. It was passed by the US and allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery. This act led Bleeding Kansas were many died arguing over the decision for slavery. The act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36'30. -
Period: to
The Civil War
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Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis is known for leading the Confederacy during the Civil War. He began his military career and later served in the army until 1845, he was elected to the US House of Representatives and became well known for his strong beliefs in states rights. -
Trent Affair
The Trent Affair was a diplomatic crisis that occurred in 1861 during the Civil War that almost started a war between the US and the British. A US Navy officer, Captain Charles Wikes, seized form the neutral British Ship Trent two Confederate commissioners, James Murray and John Slidell. Both were seeking the support of England and France for the cause of the confederacy. It almost brought the Union near war with the British during Civil War. -
Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh was fought between the Union and Confederacy during the Civil War. It took place in Tennessee and was the 1st major battler. Ulysses S. Grant and Don Carlos Buell were the union Army leaders. This battle was the costliest battle in terms of casualties in history. -
Conscription Act
The Conscription Act was passed by congress and produced the 1st draft of US citizens. It was a registration of all males between the ages of 18 and 35 to be drafted into military service. The Confederacy was the 1st to enforce the mandatory military service therefore a draft was needed since there was poor planning of the Confederate government. -
The Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was a law passed by Abraham Lincoln to free slaves. However, it only applied to slaves in the Confederacy. However, the Emancipation Proclamation did eventually set many slaves free and made clear that future slaves would be set free. -
Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee is known for leading the Confederate Army of Virginia during the Civil War. Lee's 1st encounter with combat and war took pace during the Mexican American War. He was also promoted to colonel due to his efforts during the war. When the Civil War broke out he was offered command of the Union Army by Lincoln, but denied because he couldn't fight against home state. -
Wade Davis Bill
The Wade Davis Bill was proposed of the reconstruction of the South written by two radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade and Representative Henry Winter Davis. It required that 50% of states white males take an oath to be readmitted to the the Union. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
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13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment made slavery illegal in the US and was adopted as part of the Constitution. The amendment still allows for slavery as a punishment for a crime and allows for people to be prosecuted for forcing someone to work against free will. They created the amendment because people would think the Emancipation Proclamation was temporary. -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment was for the citizenship right and equal protection of laws and was proposed for former slaves after the Civil War. It granted citizenship to all person born in the US, which included formed and slaves recently freed after Civil War. -
Enforcement Acts
The Enforcement Acts were three bills passed by the US Congress. They were criminal codes which protected blacks rights to vote, to hold office, to serve in juries, and receive equal protection laws. The laws also allowed the federal government to intervene when states didn't act to protect these rights. -
15th Amendment
the 15th amendment of the US prohibits the federal and state government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race. The Constitution granted African Americans the right to vote and also allowed the most African Americans in history to be elected to public office. -
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th president, he was commonly known for being the lead general of the Union troops of Tennessee during the Civil War. He easily won the election of 1868. After winning major victories, Grant was promoted by President Lincoln to lead the Union Army. -
Rutherford B. Hayes
Hayes was the 19th president of the US, he was commonly known for winning one of the closest presidential election and for trying to change the government as well as ending the Era of Reconstruction in the south. He spent much of his efforts trying to protect the rights of all citizens in the south. -
Clara Barton
Clara Barton was known for being the founder of the American Red Cross. She fought for the rights of women to be treated equally in work place. Clara and her sister traveled from battle to battle in order to care for the soldiers health. She became known as the Angel of the Battlefield. -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was commonly known as a leader in the fight for women's suffrage. She believed in equal rights for all individuals no matter their race or gender. In 1850, Elizabeth and other women held the 1st women rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York. She presented an important document called the Declaration of sentiments. This document said that women and men were created equal and should be treated the same. -
Spoils System
The Spoils System is a practice in which a political party gives government jobs to supporters, friends, or relatives. Andrew Jackson introduced the spoils systems after winning the 1828 election. The spoil systen was a policy of removing political opponents. Jackson's political opponents had very different interpretation than him as they considered the method to be corrupt. -
Three Tier Systems
The three tier systems is a system to distribute alcohol in the US. It includes producers, distributors, and retailers. The system only allows producers to sell their products only to wholesale distributors who then sell to retailers, and only retailers may sell the consumers. -
Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow Laws were laws in the only in the South based on race. They enforced segregation between whites and blacks in public areas. It also made it hard for black people to vote. They went against laws passed after the Civil War, but nobody enforced them. African Americans began protesting these laws. The laws were made illegal in 1964
