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Radioactive elements emit radiant energy in the form of alpha, beta and gamma rays.
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Metaxas dissolved the Greek parliment and established himself as dictator.
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Otto Hahn received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1944
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Writes to Roosevelt telling him the US should make a atom bomb.
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$6,000 was made available to start research under the supervision of a committee headed by L.J. Briggs, director of the National Bureau of Standards.
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Greece was left powerless and the Communist party took over and created the National Liberation Front, also known as EAM.
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Glenn Seaborg and his team discoverd the new element by having uranium-238 atoms absorb neutrons which had been emitted from fissioning uranium-235 atoms.
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The removal of children from Greece into Socialist states. Minors ages 4-14 were removed from Greece to be indoctrinated as Communist janissaries.
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The day before the bombing of Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt authorizes the Manhattan Engineering District with $2 billion to build the atom bomb.
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The Japanese bombed the American Naval Fleet located in Pearl Harbor.
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Doctor Robert Oppenheimer leads project to develop atomic bomb.
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At the University of Chicago, in a squash court under Stagg Field, Enrico Fermi and his team produce the world's first controlled and self-sustained nuclear fission reaction. Resulting in nuclear energy and led to the cration of the atomic bomb and nuclear power plants
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Thin man project- Plutonium gun
Fat Man project- Plutanium implosion -
Stage one of the Greek Civil War began between the Greek government and British forces. British troops open fired into a crowd of 100,000-250,000 EAM demonstrators.
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Germany left Greece and Britain took over the government. When ELAS would not cooperate the government, now under British rule, threatened to disarm ELAS, which started the demonstrations.
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The United States decided that when the A-Bomb became operationally that they would use it against Japan if necessary
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Fighting starts between the British and EAM. The British won and the size of the Communist party decreased
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ELAS had to give up their weapons and release their political prisoners. The government had to from a national army, release political prisoners, establish democratic regimine, and called for a new constitution.This ended Phase 1.
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Harry Truman didnt even know about the A-Bomb until the death of Pres. Roosevelt in Apr. 1945
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Scientists who led the building the A-Bomb said it was a deterrent to Nazi use of their own A-Bomb
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World War II is over and Berlin is divided into 4 sectors:the American, British, French in the West andthe Soviet in the East
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Atomic Bomb first tested with force of 18.6 KT.
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The first atomic bomb was tested on July 16, 1945 in the desert near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
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The US, UK, and China call for the surrender of Japan- which they cordially ignored.
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90,000 to 166,000 died within the first two months of explosion. 60% disintegrated on the spot, 30% from falling debris, and 10% from other causes.
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Bobing of Hiroshima with an atomic bomb, "Little Boy" dropped by the Enola Gay.
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Allies receive news that Hiroshima broadcasts state: "Practically all living things, human and animal, were literally seared to death."
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60,000 to 80,000 died. Roughly 50% were disintegrated right on the spot.
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American B-29 bomber "The Bockscar" drops the atomic bomb "Fat Man" onto the Japanese city, Nagasaki.
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Carried scientific observers and took photographs for the Bockscar.
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Unconditional surrender of Japan and the end of WWII.
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Korea - formerly owned by Japan - divides into U.S. and Soviet occupation zones along the 38th Parallel
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By the end of 1945, about 150,000 were estimated to have died of nuclear causes.
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Greek civil war resumes between Communist Guerrilla's and the Greek government.
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At the instigation of the Soviet Military administration the demarcation line between East and West Germany is safeguarded
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A 30 day valid Interzonenpass is required to travel between the sectors in Germany
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Truman initiated an emergency request for $400 million to aid Greece and Turkey.
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Greece had become dependent on Great Britain financially and militarily. However, Great Britain ran into financial issues of their own and withdrew support. The same day as the Greek elections.
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President Truman signed an Interim Aid Bill establishing the American Mission for Aid to Greece (AMAG). Less than a month later, expanding on the principles of the Truman Doctrine, Secretary of State George Marshall proposed his plan for long-term economic recovery for all European nations. By spring 1948, the Marshall Plan was channeling dollars to Europe.
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Begin of the Berlin blockade
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Berlin Airlift begins
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End of Berlin blockade
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Federal Republic of Germany is founded(West Germany)
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The last Greek Communists were captured
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The National Army launched and attack on the DSE code named "operation torch" against the DSE, which resulted in heavy losses for the DSE and a victory for the National Army.
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First Soviet atomic bomb test. Known as Joe-1 to the West, referencing Joseph Stalin, it was called "First Lightning" (Первая молния, Pervaya molniya) in the USSR.
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German Democratic Republic is founded(East Germany)
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North Koreans launch surprise attack
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UN breaks the Busan (formerly Pusan) Perimeter Cordon
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Chinese troops push UN forces back across the 38th parallel and capture Seoul. Ay de mi! (oh no)
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By the end of 1950, up to 200,000 Japanese were estimated to have died of cancer and other long-term effects.
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Due to insubordination, Truman kicks out MacArthur. 69% of the U.S. population felt grumpy.
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UN nations start military goods boycott of the People Republic of China
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Border between East and West Germany and between East Germany and West Berlin is closed. Only the border between East and West Berlin is still opened
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North Korea, China, UN sign an armistice. North Korea goes to communists, South Korea does not.
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The Western Powers waive the Interzonenpass, the Soviet Union follows but East German citizen need a permission to travel to the West
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First Hydrogen Bomb test.
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South Vietnam declared itself the Republic of Vietnam with newly elected Ngo Dinh Diem as president.
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Could travel 6,000 miles, accurate to within one mile of target
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After the Cuban Revolution, communist Fidel Castro assumes title of Cuban President, which means bad news for Cuban citizens.
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Ho Chi Minh began supplying arms to the vietcong via paths on boarder of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
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On this date, Cuba openly recognizes itself with Soviet Russia, therefore now publicly a communist state, and could potentially be threatening to the U.S.
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It brought together Communists and non-Communists in an umbrella organization that had limited, but important goals.
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Backed by the US, Cuban exiles attempt to overthrow the government. The rebellion fails and over 1000 Cuban rebels are captured by pro-Castro forces
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A group of Cuban rebels supported by the U.S. attempt to invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigs and start an anti-Castro revolution. However, it turns out to be an epic fail and over one thousand Cubans exiles are recaptured.
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90 exiles had been killed, Cuba now wary of American intrusion on Cuban soil.
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Kennedy orders 100 "special forces" troops to South Vietnam.
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Kennedy orders 100 "special forces" troops to South Vietnam.
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Shortly after Cuba's public alliance with the Soviet Union, the United States ends both diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba.
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The Berlin sectorial border between East and West Berlin is closed, barriers are built
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The "King of Bombs," a nickname for the Soviet AN602 hydrogen bomb, the most powerful weapon ever detonated. The bomb's yield was reduced to fromm 100MT to 50MT to reduce the amount of fallout produced and to provide enough time for the bomber deploying the device to escape it's blast.
Click here for a video of the blast, along with more statistics. -
Fidel Castro announces that any U.S. attack will be equivalent of a world war, and that the U.S.S.R. will defend Cuba.
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Senator Kenneth Keating alerts President Kennedy that evidence has been recovered that the Soviet Union has missiles in Cuba.
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Richard Heyser flew over Cuba taking pictures and discovered Soviet Missiles.
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Today, McGeorge Bundy informs Kennedy that there are indeed many missiles located in Cuba.
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The United States goes DEFCON 2 (an alert posture), the highest the country has ever gone.
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Kennedy writes Khrushchev, putting the responsibility of the crisis on the U.S.S.R.
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Nikita Khrushchev propeses to Kennedy that if the U.S. won't attack Cuba, the Soviets will remove the missiles.
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Major Rudolf Anderson flew a U2 spy plane over Cuba and was shot and killed.
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The same day an American pilot is killed while flying over Cuba, another U2 plane strayed into U.S.S.R. airspace and is intercepted by the Russians.
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On this date, the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Nikita Kruschev, announced the official removing of the Soviet Missiles in Cuba.
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President J. F. Kennedy visits Berlin and says: "Ich bin ein Berliner." ("I am a Berliner.")
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Treaty between UK, USSR and US limits nuclear testing. France and China reject it and develop their own weapons.<a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfknucleartestbantreaty.htm" rel="nofollow">Noted in a speech by President Kennedy on the topic.</a>
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West Berliner citizen may visit East Berlin the first time after more than two years
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The South Vietnamese attack North Vietnamese in the Gulf of Tonkin.
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North Vietnam launched attack against C. Turner Joy and the U.S.S. Mandox (Two American Ships)
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First U.S. combat troops arrive in Vietnem
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Japan's resolution to restrict nuclear armament.
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In My Lai, U.S. kills two hundred civilians. Only one member of the division is tried and found guilty of war crimes.
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Signed by UK, USSR and US: agree not to assist non-signatories in gaining nuclear weapons.
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Nixon, a Republican, is now voted for office. He told the U.S. he would end the war with peace and honor.
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Ho Chi Minh died of heart failure.
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Allende become president of Chile with congress reaffirming his victory.
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CIA hires thugs to kidnap and kill Chile's Army Chief General Rene Schneider, who opposed the coup.
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Final draft was initialed, ending conflict.
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The U.S. signs a cease-fire with North Vietnam and Vietcong, ending American involvement in the Vietnam War.
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The troops are withdrawn.
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Goverment coalition increases electoral percentage to 44% in elections. 2/3 majority for impeachment is not achieved.
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A group of US right wing extremists in an army led by Colonel Sowper tried to take over government. The putsch failed and no causalities.
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Chile right-wing party members try to convince Chile's army and its officers to carry out the coup.
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“The ones who really removed Allende were the 81 Chilean congressmen who voted for the Accord of August 22, 1973,” he stressed. José Piñera's statements are added to those of former Chilean ambassador to Argentina, Miguel Otero, who had claimed that the coup d'état carried out by Augusto Pinochet was “a necessity.”
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Pinochet was sworn in as commander of the army, and was instructed to find and punish coup related organizations. However, he made himself their leader. Within three weeks he led a bloody coup d'etat, Allende was dead and Pinochet was set on a course that was to make him the unchallenged ruler of Chile for 17 years.
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The commanders in chief of the four branches of the Chilean military staged a coup d'état.
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Frank Teruggi, like Charles Horman, was seized by Chilean military and taken to the National Stadium in Santiago, which had been turned into a concentration camp, where prisoners were interrogated, tortured and executed.
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The military imprisoned 40,000 of their political enemies in the National Stadium of Chile among the tortured and killed were US citizens Charles Horman, and Frank Teruggi. Chilean song-writer Víctor Jara, and other 70 political killings were perpetrated by the death squad, Caravan of Death (Caravana de la Muerte) in October 1973.
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Leighton left Chile after the coup d'état. In exile, he opposed the new regime of Pinochet, he had already been nominally open to Salvador Allende.
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The coup d'état devastated the Chilean Socialist Party. Within a few weeks of the coup 4 members of their Central Committee and 7 regional secretaries of the PS had been murdered. 12 members of their Central Committee were imprisoned, while the remainder members took refuge in various foreign embassies.
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Greece was restored as a democracy.
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The United Nations condemned the Chile military's coup . Stated in their letter to the Commission's Chairman of 19 February 1974, the action the signatory States sought from the Chilean Government disapproving the violations of human rights and insisting the safety of people exposed to danger and their freedom to seek help from abroad.
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Nixon resigns and Gerald R. Ford becomes the next president.
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The official American presence in Saigon ends when the last Americans are evacuated by helicopter from the US Embassy roof. Within hours the Saigon government surrenders.
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From March of 1973 until April 1975, Communist forces captured presidential palace. This ended the war.
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A Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty between the USA and USSR. The US did not ratify the treatydue to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
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ELAS surrenders and a treaty was negotiated which signaled the end of the war. Nikos Zachariadis, the general secratary of the Communist party of Greece, announced a ceasefire to prevent the annihillation of Greece which ended the war.
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"Star Wars," a space-based desfense proposal for the United States.
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President Ronald Reagan visits Berlin and urges Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.
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Hungarian government opens border for East German refugees
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Berlin Wall is opened.
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Germany is Reunited.
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START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was a treaty between the USA and USSR "on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms."
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Partaaaayyyy
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SORT (Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty) was an arms reduction treaty between the United States and Russian Federation. It was replaced in 2011 by New START.
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The Cheonen, a South Korean ship, was sank by a North Korean torpedo, renewing tension between the two nations.
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New START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) is a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the United States and the Russian Federation.
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North Korea fires artillery at a South Korean Island. Four South Koreans Killed.
