Art Timeline assignment

art timeline

Period: 40,000 BCE to 1700 BCE

final assignment

Prehistoric 2 Magura Cave

20,000 BCE

The Magura Cave is one of the largest caves in Bulgaria located in the northwest part of the country. The art work are all painted with bat excrement and represent hunting and dancing people as well as a large variety of animals. The overall length of the cave is approximately 2500 meters.The temperature in the cave is a constant 12 degrees Centigrade, year-round. It is most visited during the summer months. The Magura Cave began to take shape about 15 million years ago.

Prehistoric 1 Cueva de las Manos

20,000 BCE

Cuevas De las Manos which is Spanish for "Cave of Hands" is a cave located in an isolated area in the Patagonian landscape of southern Argentina. It takes its name from the arranged outlines of human hands, but there are also many depictions of guanacos, rheas and other animals, as well as hunting scenes.The entrance to the Cueva is screened by a rock wall covered by the patterning of human hands.

Prehistoric 3 Bhimbetka

20,000 BCE

Located in central India, Bhimbetka contains over 600 rock shelters decorated with prehistoric cave paintings. Made mainly in red and white with the occasional use of green and yellow the paintings usually depict the lives and times of the people who lived in the caves. Animals such as bisons, tigers, lions, and crocodiles have also been represented in some caves.The rock shelters were carved by wind and rain out of hills and boulders in this forested region

Ancient Mesopotamian 2 (5000 B.C.E.- 400 C.E.) WARKA VASE

5000 BCE

Warka Vase is an alabaster vessel carved with four tiers of designs. The first three tiers are in patterns around the vase consisting of vegetation on the bottom, animals in the middle, and men carrying bowls and jars on the top of the three sections. The top-most section of the entire structure is a scene showing Inanna (also known as Ishtar), the goddess of love, fertility, and warfare.

Ancient Egypt 2 ( 5000 - 30 B.C.E.) cartouche

5000 BCE

A cartouche is an oval with a horizontal line at one end, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name, coming into use during the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty under Pharaoh Sneferu, replacing the earlier serekh. While the cartouche is usually vertical with a horizontal line, it is sometimes horizontal if it makes the name fit better, with a vertical line on the left. The Ancient Egyptian word for it was shenu, and it was essentially an expanded shen ring.

Ancient Egypt 3 ( 5000 - 30 B.C.E.) tombs

5000 BCE

The Egyptians used to make the most elaborate and beautiful of the tombs for their pharaohs. ancient Egypt boasted the most remarkable of the memorial tombs, most of which still survive today. There are a number of famous pyramid tombs, noticeably the three massive tombs of the fourth dynasty. Even more interesting are the paintings engraved inside the tombs, often depicting the journey of the deceased into the afterlife.

Ancient Mesopotamia 1 (5000 B.C.E.- 400 C.E.)

5000 BCE

These fairly small items may be seen today in museum exhibits around the world. Cylinder seals were impression stamps, often quite intricate in design, used throughout Mesopotamia. They were known as kishib in Sumerian and kunukku in Akkadian and were used by everyone, from royals to slaves, in the transaction of business and sending correspondence.

Ancient Mesopotamian 3 (5000 B.C.E.- 400 C.E.) URUK TROUGH

5000 BCE

This is the Uruk Trough, Like the Warka Vase, this decorative piece is a form of narrative relief sculpture. Artists cut into stone, or in this case gypsum, in order to create their designs so it looks as if the forms are popping out from the background or placed on top of the sculpture.

Ancient Egypt 1 ( 5000 - 30 B.C.E.) Egyptian Dance

5000 BCE

Dancing played a major role in the culture of ancient Egyptians. Music and dance were the norm in the civilization. A rhythmic dance was imprinted into the hearts of people, with workers working in a certain motion to the sounds of songs. The Egyptian era also saw the start of street dancers way back a few thousand years where they would entertain the passers by. The Egyptian dance was divided into different categories depending on the participants and occasion of dance.

Africa 2 (3500 B.C) Nok terracotta Kimbell

3500 BCE

Nok terracotta figures found in NW Nigeria represent over two centuries of sculptural tradition. Nok figures range in size from 10cm to nearly life-size. They have proportionally large conical heads, short tubular bodies and simplified faces with triangular Nok terracotta, Kimbell eyes, flattened noses and wide lipped mouths. The holes in the heads would have been to assist damage during the firing process, letting out steam and preventing cracking

Africa 1 (3500 B.C.) Queen Mother Pendant Mask: Iyoba

3500 BCE

Among the most celebrated masterpieces of African art, this pendant is at once a prestige object worn by the king on ceremonial occasions and the portrait of an important historical figure at the court of Benin. The worthy of the material and the refinement of the carving indicate that it was created by the exclusive guild of royal ivory carvers for the king.

Africa 3 (3500 B.C) Seated Figure

3500 BCE

This haunting figure huddles with its leg hugged to its chest and its head dropped on its knee. It simultaneously conveys the knotted tension of anxiety also the noble absorption of deep prayer. Created over 700 years ago, in the Inland Niger Delta region of present-day Mali, it grips us with an intense emotional immediacy that blurs the boundaries of time and place.

Southern Baroque 1 The Calling of St. Matthew,

1700 BCE

Saint Matthew was one of the twelve apostles, and author of the first Gospel. The tale of the calling of Saint Matthew is found in the New Testament, Matthew 9:9. Caravaggio depicts the very moment when Matthew first realizes he is being called, draws inspiration from his own world, placing the biblical scene in modern reality.

Southern Baroque 2 Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes, ca. between 1623 and 1625

1700 BCE

Created by Artemisia Gentileschi, a strong woman who, against all odds, established herself as a respected painter. The subject is executed with a directness that sets it apart from many other contemporary renditions. The theatrical lighting of the scene echoes in many respects the works of the northern followers of Caravaggio, who had specialized in such effects, while the intense realism of the scene is close to Caravaggio himself.

Southern Baroque 3 Farnese Gallery frescoes (1597-1608) by Annibale Carracci

1700 BCE

It was also the Farnese collection of art from classical antiquity that prompted the decorative iconography of the Farnese Gallery. The decoration of the gallery does not consist of a single scene, but rather a collection of individual paintings surrounding a principal scene The Triumph of Bacchus and Ariadne, which occupies the centre-panel of the ceiling.

Renaissance 2 (1500 B.C.) Bacchus and Ariadne

1500 BCE

The painting is one of a famous series by Bellini, Titian and the Ferrarese artist Dosso Dossi, commissioned for the Camerino d'Alabastro, in the Ducal Palace, Ferrara, by Alfonso d'Este.Bacchus, god of wine, emerges with his followers from the landscape to the right. Falling in love with Ariadne on sight, he leaps from his chariot, drawn by two cheetahs, towards her

Renaissance 3 (1500 B.C.) Saint Catherine of Alexandria

1500 BCE

Saint Catherine is shown leaning on the wheel upon which she was condemned to die but which miraculously broke. This painting probably dates from just before Raphael left Florence and went to Rome. The torsion and the pose of the saint, turning enraptured towards a heavenly light, reflect Raphael's study of both the sinuous grace of Perugino's paintings and the dynamic compositions of Leonardo.

Renaissance 1 (1500 B.C.) The Last Supper

1500 BCE

Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper is a Renaissance masterpiece, though it is one which has struggled to survive intact over the centuries. Christ being the center of the composition, he is also the center of psychology here. The scene we are viewing comes from the Gospel accounts on the night before Christ’s Passion and Death when Christ and the apostles are together in a room for supper. We can see this in the various apostles, who are linked by their hand movements.

Gothic 1 The Altarpiece of the Passion of Christ 1401-1500

1200 BCE

The origin of this altarpiece is unknown, but its style suggests it belongs with regional artistic productions from the end of the Middle Ages. The Passion of Christ is described in small units which follow one another, set out over several registers, vertically tiered: the Capture of Christ, The Mocking of Christ, Jesus is scourged, Jesus is condemned, Our Lady of Pity, Entombment, Holy Women at the Tomb.

Gothic 2 Gothic Gargoyle Sculpture

1200 BCE

Notre Dame cathedral, Paris. Cathedrals in Northern France built between 1100 and 1250.Reflecting the increasing stability of the age as well as the growing power and ambition of the Christian Church, the Gothic cathedral was designed as a miniature symbol of God's universe. Each element of the building's design conveyed a theological message: namely, the awesome glory of God.

Gothic 3 Virgin and Child Ivory Carving (c.1280)

1200 BCE

The statue, forty-one cm high, represents the pinnacle of Gothic art, and the late medieval ideal of beauty. The Virgin Mary is portrayed as a young and slender woman. Her hip is slightly protruded – giving the figure an S-shape. On her left arm she is resting the baby Jesus, who in turn reaches out his left hand to an apple the Virgin holds up in her right hand.

Islamic 3 The Kaaba. Mecca, Saudi Arabia. 631 – 632 A.D.

800 BCE

The Kaaba was a sanctuary in pre-Islamic times. Muslims believe that Abraham known as Ibrahim in the Islamic tradition and his son, Ismail, constructed the Kaaba. Tradition holds that it was originally a simple unroofed rectangular structure.Today, the Kaaba is a cubical structure, unlike almost any other religious structure. It is fifteen meters tall and ten and a half meters on each side; its corners roughly align with the cardinal directions.

Ancient Greek 1 Laocoon and His Sons (c.42-20 BCE)

800 BCE

Laocoon and His Sons Antiphas and Thymbraeus By Rhodes sculptors Hagesander Athenodoros and Polydorus Museo Pio Clementino. .The story of Laocoön, a Trojan priest, came from the Greek Epic Cycle on the Trojan Wars, though it is not mentioned by Homer. It had been the subject of a tragedy, now lost, by Sophocles and was mentioned by other Greek writers.

Ancient Greek 2 Sculpture of a fallen warrior from the temple of Aphaia at Aegina.

800 BCE

The dimensionality of the work is extravagant. The dimensionality contributes to the overall design and effect of work in regards; to viewers can immediately indentify the struggle of this warrior and his determination to continue to serve until he takes his very last breath and not surrender. The artist has executed the method of expressionist to communicate heighten emotions.

Ancient Greek 3 The Pergamon altar (180-160BC)

800 BCE

The Pergamon Altar is a monumental construction built during the reign of king Eumenes II in the first half of the 2nd century BC on one of the terraces of the acropolis of the ancient Greek city of Pergamon in Asia Minor.The structure is 35.64 metres wide and 33.4 metres deep; the front stairway alone is almost 20 metres wide. Huge size of an altar, i selected for that being.

Islamic 1 The Dome of the Rock (c.691)

800 BCE

Temple Mount, Jerusalem The world's first and most famous example of Islamic architecture.The Dome of the Rock is a building of extraordinary beauty, solidity, elegance, and singularity of shape.At the center of the Dome of the Rock sits a large rock, which is believed to be the location where Abraham was prepared to sacrifice his son Ismail. Today, Muslims believe that the Rock commemorates the night journey of Muhammad.

Islamic 2 Islamic Calligraphic Ornament (15th-century)

800 BCE

From Samarkand Ceramic earthenware panel with moulded decoration under a turquoise glaze. Part of Timurid culture (1336-1405). Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy, based upon the alphabet in the lands sharing a common Islamic cultural heritage. It includes Arabic Calligraphy, Ottoman, and Persian calligraphy.[1][2] It is known in Arabic as khatt Islami meaning Islamic line, design, or construction.

Ancient Rome 2 (753 B.C.) The spear bearer (Doryphoros)

753 BCE

Polykleitos of Argos was one of the important sculptors of bronze of the 5th century BCE. Polykleitos was celebrated among the ancients, especially for his figures of athletes. Contrapposto is an Italian term used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. This gives the figure a more dynamic, or alternatively relaxed, appearance.

Ancient Rome 1 (753 B.C.) Roman Mosaics

753 BCE

Mosaics are pictures made from arrangements of small fragments of stone or glass. Among many ancient peoples they were the primary form of architectural decoration. The Romans developed the mosaic as an art form, a tradition that was carried on by the Byzantines. The ancient Romans used mosaics mostly to decorate the floors of palaces and villas. Generally, only the wealthy could afford them.

Ancient Rome 3 Ixion Room, House of Vetti

753 BCE

The ancient city may be quiet now, its life ended by a fantastic cataclysm nearly two thousand years ago, but the remains of houses, decorations, and the objects of daily life whisper to us about the lives of the ancient people who inhabited Pompeii before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Roman townhouse located within the ruined ancient city of Pompeii, Italy. A volcanic eruption destroyed Pompeii in the year 79 C.E.

Byzantine 3 Emperor Justinian Mosaic, San Vitale, Ravenna, c. 546-56

546 BCE

San Vitale is one of the most important surviving examples of Byzantine architecture and mosaic work. It was begun in 526 or 527 under Ostrogothic rule. It was consecrated in 547 and completed soon after.A major theme of this mosaic program is the authority of the emperor in the Christian plan of history.

Byzantine 1 Isidore of Miletus & Anthemius of Tralles Hagia Sophia 532 C.E

532 BCE

The Hagia Sophia is an enormous architectural marvel in Istanbul, Turkey, that was originally built as a Christian basilica nearly 1,500 years ago. Originally built as a basilica for the Greek Orthodox Christian Church.The structure was burned to the ground in 404 A.D. during the riots that occurred in Constantinople as a result of political conflicts within the family of then-Emperor Arkadios, who had a tumultuous reign from 395 to 408 A.D.

Byzantine 2 (330 A.D.) Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George

330 BCE

The painter selectively used the classicizing style inherited from Rome. The faces are modeled; we see the same convincing modeling in the heads of the angels and the ease with which the heads turn almost three-quarters.The icon shows the Virgin and Child flanked by two soldier saints, St. Theodore to the left and St. George at the right. Above these are two angels who gaze upward to the hand of God, from which light emanates, falling on the Virgin.

Romanesque 1 (1000 A.D.) Charlemagne's Palatine Chapel

1000

private chapel associated with a residence, especially of an emperor. Many of the early Christian emperors built private churches in their palaces often more than one as described in literary sources of the Byzantine period. Charlemagne began the construction of the Palatine Chapel around 792, along with the building of the rest of the palace structures.

Romanesque 2 Romanesque Stained Glass Panel (1100) showing The Prophet Daniel. Augsburg Cathedral.

1000

The oldest stained glass cycle of large format still located at its original site is found in the nave of Augsburg Cathedral. The series consists of frontal, dignified representations of the prophets Daniel, Hosea, and Jonas, the prophetic King David.. All of these representatives of the Old Testament, clad in the costume of the Frankish nobility but with Jewish pointed hats, hold unfurling banderoles with quotations from their scriptures and sayings.

Romanesque 3 (1000 A.D.) High Relief Romanesque Sculpture in Cathedral of Saint Lazare

1000

The Cathedral of Saint Lazare is a Romanesque church that holds the bones of St. Lazarus. This cathedral has a stone portal on the west side with a tympanum depicting the Last Judgement. The tympanum is a relief sculpture with elongated figures. Most of the figures are sculpted in high relief or in the round, as the tympanum is made from 29 pieces of stone.