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Is remembered for his 1492 discovery of the 'New World,' and how his legacy of European colonization is a controversial one. he sailed across the Atlantic from Spain in the Santa Maria, with the Pinta and the Niña ships alongside, hoping to find a new route to India.
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was an informal and loosely defined European historical period marking the time period in which extensive overseas exploration emerged as a powerful factor in European culture and the beginning of globalization.they got little credit because the native people already inhabited the land.
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It is well known that domesticated horses were introduced into North America beginning with the Spanish conquest, and that escaped horses subsequently spread throughout the American Great Plains. They were reintroduced on the continent, in modern-day Mexico
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he Columbian Exchange refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life.
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Is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.Tobacco was first introduced to Europeans in 1492 when Columbus landed in the Americas.
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After some early trading expeditions, the first Dutch settlement in the Americas was founded in 1615. They colonize new Amsterdam due to interest of commercialization.
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The Middle Passage refers to the part of the trade where Africans, densely packed onto ships, were transported across the Atlantic to the West Indies.The voyage took three to four months and, during this time, the enslaved people mostly lay chained in rows on the floor of the hold or on shelves that ran around the inside of the ships' hulls.
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Pequot War, war fought in 1636–37 by the Pequot people against a coalition of English settlers from the Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and Say brook colonies and their Native American allies. It was an especially brutal war and the first sustained conflict between Native Americans and Europeans in northeastern North America.
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Bacon's Rebellion was probably one of the most confusing yet intriguing chapters in Jamestown's history. Was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley
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pueblo people long divided, Spanish abandoned capital of Santa fe. Abolished encomienda and more tolerant of native culture
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The Beaver Wars, also known as the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars. It encompass a series of conflicts fought intermittently during the 17th century in eastern North America.
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The Chickasaw Wars were fought between the Chickasaw allied with the British against the French and their allies the Choctaws and Illinois Confederation. The Province of Louisiana extended from Illinois to New Orleans, and the French fought to secure their communications along the Mississippi River.
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was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-British colonies. Parliament created the act largely at the insistence of large plantation owners in the British West Indies.
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Treaty signed to formally end fighting in North America.As a result, the French lose the vast majority of their claims to North American lands.
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Made colonists truly aware of the impact of British taxation. The funds of the tax were intended to raise a build a new colonial army. All purchased paper had to have a stamp to prove the tax had been paid
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The Battle for Bunker Hill was a defeat for the colonials, but they celebrated the massive casualties they were able to inflict upon the most powerful army in the world. After this, the King declared the colonies in rebellion.
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Washington’s skill at maintaining his force under trying conditions is best shown during the winter at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. The Continental Army was stuck at Valley Forge with very little rations; very little food and insufficient winter attire.
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The Treaty of Paris formally ended the American Revolution.The United States won its independence from Great Britain and gained control of land stretching west to the Mississippi River.
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Stated that disputed land the Old Northwest was to be equally divided into townships and sold for federal income.Set up guidelines for funding education and ended confusing legal disagreements over land
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George Washington unanimously elected President by the Electoral College. Set many precedents that future Presidents would follow
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The agriculture of the Old Northwest region sustained the industrial North by transporting crops by rail lines and canals. Cash crop economy of the South was stimulated by the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney which made work much easier.
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Early 1800s, turnpikes, or toll roads, linked many towns to the eastern US.Erie Canal demonstrates the importance of canal systems in early 19th century; linked Midwest farming to cities (contributes to growth of New York)
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Vast amount of land purchased from France; doubled the size of the United states.Spain gained control of the territory west of the Mississippi and the British the territory to the east of the river.
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British refusal to lift trade restrictions and continued impressment pushed Madison to ask Congress for a declaration of War in June 1812. The war was small and disappointing economic problems from the Embargo Act, small army, small navy, invasion of Canada was a debacle.
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James Monroe was elected. His presidency is known as the “Era of Good Feelings.” Tensions below the surface over tariffs, slavery, and political power and issued a 20% tariff on all imported goods.
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To keep the balance of slave state and free states in Congress, the Missouri Compromise was passed.Missouri entered as slave state. Maine entered as free state
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It pitted four Democratic-Republican candidates against one another for the presidency: John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford, and Andrew Jackson. In the end Jackson won the most popular votes, but there was no majority in the Electoral College because the vote was split four ways
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Samuel Morse invented the telegraph. It took only seconds to communicate with another city
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Women began to develop power within reform movements. Some women even spoke out against women’s roles in society and second-class citizenship.
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A force led by Houston overcame the Mexican forces and captured Santa Anna at the river. Texas was declared the Republic of Texas and also entered the Union as a slave state.
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Free states were beginning to outnumber slave states.Southerners were afraid that slavery would be abolished. Territorial expansion and population growth were tearing the nation apart In order to appease the two sides, Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850.
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Dred Scott, a slave, sued for his freedom after being taken by
his master to a free state The case went all the way to the Supreme Court and ruled against Scott, claiming that slaves
were property and could be taken anywhere -
Federal troops marched from Washington D.C. to Bull Run Manassas. Confederate troops were ready for the attack. Soldiers led by General “Stonewall” Jackson arrived shortly, sending Union troops scrambling back to D.C.
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Two different companies began construction of the; the Central Pacific Company began laying track eastward from California.
The Union Pacific Company laid track westward from Nebraska -
It was on 14 April, 1865 at Ford’s Theater in Washington, DC.
Abe Lincoln was shot in back of head by pro-Southern actor John Wilkes Booth -
US purchase Alaska from Russia. US trade expands into pacific.
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Became President after Lincoln died. He was a Democrat. He Continued the policy of Presidential Reconstruction similar to Lincoln
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13th Amendment – abolished slavery
14th Amendment – granted citizenship and legal rights to all former
slaves
15th Amendment – gave all African-American men the right to vote. -
In June, the US sent General George Custer to battle the Sioux.
Custer’s 700 men were slaughtered by 7,000 Sioux Indians at the Battle of Little Big Horn. The US Army retaliated, crushing the Sioux, and forcing Sitting Bull to flee to Canada. -
Northern Republicans and Southern Democrats came to an agreement called the Compromise.Republican Hayes would be given the Presidency by 1 electoral vote.
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Gold standard enraged the silverites mostly silver-mining interest and western farmers. Silverites called for free silver the unlimited
coining of silver dollars to increase the money supply.
Federal government was to purchase and coin more silver, thereby
increasing the money supply and causing inflation -
The Supreme Court decided Congress had no jurisdiction to bar private citizens from practicing discrimination. Homer Plessy refused
to give up his seat on a “whites-only” railcar in Louisiana. -
Congress passed this act which
prohibited monopolies or any business that prevented fair competition. In the general sense, a trust is a centuries-old legal arrangement whereby one party conveys property to a trustee to hold for a beneficiary -
Founded by James B. Weaver and Tom Watson. Omaha, NE Convention Got almost 1 million popular votes.several Congressional seats won.
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Jacob Coxey: leader of Coxey’s Army of Massillon, Ohio, and some 20,000 men and women began a march to Washington, DC.
Demanded US Government. Public works programs, mainly railroads for the nation's unemployed -
radio barely existed.
NBC was created to reach more people with national programming. -
The Emergency Quota Act restricted the number of immigrants admitted from any country annually to 3% of the number of residents from that same country living in the United States.The Act set no limits on immigration from Latin America.
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The Jazz Singer was the first movie with sound was released. People went to the movies to try and forget about their problems.
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Japanese emperor Hirohito ruled Japan and took control of government.Japan began invading and conquering its neighbors: Korea, Taiwan and China
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Great Britain and France pursued a policy of appeasement towards these aggressive nations.British Prime Minister Chamberlain and Hitler
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the Truman Doctrine promised that the USA would support free peoples who resisted communism. This led to containment
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Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil War.US had supported anti-communist forces in China during the war, but refused to intervened militarily.
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the Supreme Court ruled unanimously and segregation in public school was unconditional
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the battle over desegregation of the public school system; whom nine students were volunteered to enroll in central high school
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US discovers nuclear missiles in Cuba that would have brought mass distraction. There was a brink of nuclear war for 13 days.
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the civil rights ensured equality fro Africans Americans in society by giving them government jobs sector, voting requirements and racial separation in public schools
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The assassination of Martin king Luther on April 4th 1968. Robert Kennedy his brother took over as president and was killed on June 6
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War broke out the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Syria and Egypt
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Nixon ran for re-election as his workers were looking to steal the democrats for election but he attempted to cover and distance himself but due to public pressure, Nixon chose to resign from office
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Elected as the president . He was a former governor in California.
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The race to the moon. Killed all seven astronauts aboard including the teacher to serve as an astronauts, Christa McAuliffe.
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Reagan famously encourage soviet leader to end soviet control of its satellite nation. Reunification of communist East Germany and capital West Germany.
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They demanded democratic reforms.It refers to the popular national movement inspired by the Beijing protests during that period
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drastically reduced number of warheads
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Further reduced number of warhead. Also added promised of US aid for Russian Economy
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Murrah Federal building that was destroyed by a bomb that killed 168 people. The bombing killed 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one-third of the building
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Attacks were a series of coordinated suicide attack by al-Qaeda upon the US.The hijackers intentionally crashed 2 of the airlines into the Twin Tower World Trade Center in NY
