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Jamestown
Jamestown was established for reasons profit form gold, silver, exploration and settlement. It became apparent that gold and silver were not abundant and the setllers were not making any profit.
The proposal of tobacco as a cash crop by John Rolf changed the couse of Jamestown.
In need for labor the headright system was created to appeal new settlers in Virginia. It offered 50 acres of land per person. -
Mayfower compact
First written framework of government. It was a legal instrument that bound the Pilgrims together when they arrived in New England. -
Puritans/ Pilgrims
Purify or split form the church of england.
Formed a model Christan city. ''City upon a Hill.
Though they left England due to religious intolerance with an ironic turn they had massive intolerance towards other religions. They were subsitent farmers and some had indentured servants. In 1962 the Halfway Covenant was formed that allowed partial membership rights for those who were not yet converted into the Puritan church. -
Bacon's rebellion
colonists were unhappy with the way they were being ruled under then-governor William Berkely. They believed he was incapable of looking our for their interests because he refused to engage Indian raiding parties and protect the people he was governing.
When it comes to black history, however, the main effect was the end of indentured servitude but black labor remained the only stolen labor. -
Great awakening
emphasized direct, emotive spirituality
revitalization of religious piety that swept through the American colonies between the 1730s and the 1760s
It changed colonial culture, congregations argued over religious preactices and often split apart, and people left old churches and joined protestant ones.new churches formed to challenge established religion.The Great Awakening changed the way many people practiced their religion. -
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French and Indian war
End of Salutary neglect: the British government was intent on making the colonies help pay for the debt created during the war. This lead to the Sugar, Currency, and Stamp Act which placed a tax on certain goods.
Following the end of the French and Indian War, the British prohibited settlement West of the Appalachians with the Proclamation of 1763 yet colonists disobeyed it and continued to immigrate past the Proclamation Line into Indian Territory. -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 was an attempt to prevent the colonists from going west and passed the Appalachian Mountains. The British did this to prevent future issues between Native Americans and the colonists. This angered the colonists because they wanted the benefits that would come with the western lands. -
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Revolutionary war
American war for independence. and assisted America in its fight for independence from the British rule. It entered the Revolution in 1778. The French extended considerable financial support to the American forces in the form of donations and loans and also supplied vital military arms and supplies, which became a decisive factor in the victory of America. -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was approved by Congress on July 4, 1776. drafted by Thomas Jefferson, it formalized the colonies' separation from Britain and laid out the Enlightenment values of natural rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" upon which the American Revolution was based.
The point of the Declaration of Independence was to say why the colonies were leaving England. -
Deism
religious and philosophical idea that one all knowing power created the universe. It is found in many faiths including Judaism, Christianity and Islam. -
British Violations of treaty of Paris
Britain violated the Treaty of Paris of 1783 by still holding forts north of the Ohio River. They did this because so they could maintain their access to fur in these territories. -
Land Ordinance of 1785
The Land Ordinance of 1785 set forth how the government of the United States would measure, divide and distribute the land it had acquired from Great Britain north and west of the Ohio River at the end of the American Revolution. -
Land Ordinance of 1787
The Northwest Ordinance, adopted July 13, 1787, by the Second Continental Congress, chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory -
Constitution
strengthened by listing all their natural rights and making an ''equal'' government. The Constitution was, obviously, opposed by those who enjoyed the near-anarchy allowed by the Articles of Confederation were opposed to it. As were the States/colonies with the smallest populations because they feared lack of equal representation.
Most people who opposed the Constitution called themselve Anti-Federalist and wanted a Bill of Right.
Federalists wanted it passed without a Bill of Right. -
Hamilton's economic policies
Place tariff on foreign goods.
paying off all war
debts, including state debts
raising government revenues
creating a national bank.
Jefferson also had a disagreement with Hamilton when he unveiled his banking system. Jefferson insisted that it was unconstitutional because there was nothing in the US Constitution that stipulated that a bank could be created.
Created Two political parties -
Bill of rights
The bill of rights serves to protect citizens from excess government power. It achieves this by ensuring there is separation of powers between different government organs, increasing independence of the judiciary and providing the electorate representatives with more authority. The bill of rights is embedded in the constitution. -
Washington's neutrality Proclamation
Designed to keep America out of further wars. He believed that if they got involved in the European war, on either side, it could mean destruction to the United States through division or bringing the war to American shores. Consequently, he chose a position of neutrality, which he maintained throughout his presidency -
Eli Whiteney
machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, machine that produced a more efficient way to get the seeds out of cotton, and expanded southern development.
interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged -
Washington's Fairewell adress
In his farewell Presidential address, George Washington advised American citizens to view themselves as a cohesive unit and avoid political parties and issued a special warning to be wary of attachments and entanglements with other nations. -
Alein and Sedition act
acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, (1798 and 1799), in U.S. history, measures passed by the legislatures of Virginia and Kentucky as a protest against the Federalist Alien and Sedition Acts. The resolutions were written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson -
Election of 1800 significance
westwad expansion
Jefferson and Burr tied in the number of electoral votes and then Hamilton (who despised Burr) supported Jefferson, whcich eventually won him the election. This was significant becuase political power was shifted between parties, peacefully. Also, it caused further conflict between Burr and Hamilton -
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison is significant because it is the first case which really asserted the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review. -
Louisiana Purschase
Jefferson was interested in buying the Louisiana Purchase because he wanted to make the United States bigger, well-fit, and stronger. He also was interested in the buying the land because he was fearful that foreign countries would control the New Orleands port.Jefferson wanted to secure the Port of New Orleans -
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War of 1812
1) impressment of U.S. sailors. This was actually settled before war, with Britain largely acquiescing (though with slow communication the Americans did not yet know this
2) interference in American trade, and hence with American sovereignty/independence.
3) Indian question. -
Lowell System
The Lowell system was a method of factory management that evolved in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, owned by the Boston Manufacturing Company. -
Hartford Convention
The Hartford Convention was a meeting of New England Federalists held in Hartford Connecticut in the winter of 1814-15. These Federalist opposed the War of 1812 and held the convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints and wrongs that the felt had been done. The Hartford Convention was an example of the growing issue of Sectionalism and was another event in the approaching end of the Federalist Party. -
American System
The American System was created just after the end of the war of 1812
The start of a Protective Tariff, or a tariff, tax, on imported goods which would be set at such a high rate that no American would buy that good. This would support the sale of american goodsover
those of foreign goods.
The US Government would fund " Internal Improvements" such as the building of roads, like the National Road and the building of canals, like the Erie canal. -
Compromise of 1820
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was a congressional agreement that regulated the extension of Slavery in the United States for thirty years. Under the agreement, the territory of Missouri was admitted as a slave state, the territory of Maine was admitted as a free state, and the boundaries of slavery were limited to the same latitude as the southern boundary of Missouri, 36°30′ line -
Monroe Doctorine
the Doctrine warned that the United States was no longer to be considered an area open to European influence or colonization
The Monroe Doctrine was developed because the United States and Britain were concerned over the possibility of European colonial expansion in the Americas. -
Tarrif of abomination/ nulification crisis.
The Tariff of 1828, was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States designed to protect industry in the northern United States.
In an elaborate scheme to prevent passage of still higher tariffs while at the same time appealing to Andrew Jackson’s supporters in the North, John C. Calhoun and other southerners joined them in crafting a tariff bill that would also weigh heavily on materials imported by the New England states.
weakened southern economy. -
Andrew Jackson
the Senate passed the Indian Removal Act.
Gave right to vote to the common man.
Shut down second Bank of US.
Jackson ordered federal deposits to be moved from vaults of the First Bank and distributed to a select group of state banks he called "pet banks'' -
William Lloyd Garrison
prominent american abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "the liberator", and one of the founders of the american anti-slavery society. -
Irish Immigration
Many fled to America after the famines of the late 1840s in Ireland, which resulted from an inedible potato crop. Most of the immigrants form Ireland were young, female, poor, from rural communities, and Roman Catholic.
Know nothings caimpaigned against immigrants -
Mexico
Election of 1844Henry Clay vs. James K. Polk :Polk wins -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Ended Mexican-American War; Mexico gave up all claims to land from Texas to California for $15 million -
Seneca falls convention
to discuss the overall rights of women. -
Compromise of 1850
package of five bills sent in September 1850. California was added as a free state.The Fugitive Slave Acts were a pair of federal laws that allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves within the territory of the United States. -
Manifest destiny
whig party against manifest destiny.
Democrats supported manifest destiny -
Kensas Nebraska act
t allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. allowed the setlters to decide wheteher or not it would be a slave state.. -
Dred Scott case
Deemed the Missouri compromise unconstitutional. North abolishtionist enraged. -
John Brown
An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory
The first Northern reaction among antislavery advocates to Brown's Raid was one of baffled reproach. William Lloyd Garrison called the raid "misguided, wild, and apparently insane." -
Lincoln/ Republican policy in the north and Slavery in 1860
After the election southern state decided to seceed.
Alters America more than any other election in history, antislavery Republican party gets the White House leading to the secession of numerous southern states. Proslavery democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge -
Emmancipation Proclamation
civil war part 2
Emancipation Proclamation, declared that as of January 1, 1863, all slaves in the rebellious states "shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free." While the Emancipation Proclamation did not free a single slave, it was an important turning point in the war, transforming the fight to preserve the nation into a battle for human freedom. -
Civil war
Different social cultures and political beliefs developed. All of this led to disagreements on issues such as taxes, tariffs and internal improvements as well as states rights versus federal rights.The burning issue that led to the disruption of the union, however, was the debate over the future of slavery. That dispute led to secession, and secession brought about a
war. North had population/ South had to fight a defensive war -
republican recnstrictions
after the civil war ended many african american were unable to get hired. They relied on sharecroping wich is a system of agriculture that allows them to use the land for a share opps produced. it was a cycle of dept and opperssion
freedmen alspo had restrictions with their their rights in the south. black codes were some of the laws established in order to control the supply of cheap labor and to manintaion white suppremacy -
Transcontinental railroad
the transcontinental railroad linked the eastern railroad system with the west. it made it easier for mails and goods to ravel faster and cheaper. it took land away from native Americans.
land grants : the government gave alternative squares of lands to the railroad industy. -
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Social darwinism
the idea that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as a result of natural selection -
Republican reconstruction
thr radical republican governnment in the south attemped to deal constructively with the problems left by the civil war and the abolition of slavery. the republican aprty and freed,am began to rebuilt the southern economy and society.
Linclon wnated 50% of the of a states male voters to take an iron clad opath that they nver vonluntarily supported the confederacy -
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Gilded age
A period of economic , indsutrial and social change terized by superficiality and political stalemate -
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Southern and European Immigranst
typically settled in the cities along with low paying jobs. Forced into substandard Housings.Many cities had prloems with sanitation -
Dawes act
The attemize the Indians. This act tried to reform Indian tribes and turn them into ''white'' citizens -
Gospel of wealth
written by Andrw Carnegie that described the responsibility of the upper class and self made rich. ideology that the money earned must be put to good use.
Large sums of money should not be passed down -
Sherman antitrust act
first act against monopolies.it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust busting. -
Populism
formed by members of the Farmer's Alliance. designed to appeal workers in alll part of the county.
Failed because it represented a radical hostility towards banks, railroads, agrarianism and anything elite
Farmers wanted an ened to gold standards -
Federick Jackson Turner Thesis
Idelogy that humanity would progress as long as there are new lands to move into. -
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Plessy vs Feuguson/ Brown vs board of education
Plessy vs Ferguson: uphold the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation.
Brown vs Board of education established that seperate public schools were unconstitutional. this case overtued plessy vs Ferguson -
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Plessy Vs Feruguson/ Brown vs Board of Education
Brown Vs board of education overtuned Plessy vs Fergusion by stating that segragation was unconstitutional. -
Titans of industry
Men such as John D Rockefeller. J.P morgan . Andrew Carnegie that built monopolies abd revolutionized business practices.
Horizontal intergration was the process of combining many firms ingaged in the same type of business into some large corporation.
Vertical intergration: occurs when a single company controls the entire process from raw material to manufacture and sale. -
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Sapnish American war
confliict betwen the United States and Spain in which the US supportedthe Cubans Fight for independance. , an exttreme sensational and often false journalism that helped fuel the Spanish American war. -
open door policy
the open door diplomacy was proposed by the Us under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China -
league of nations
the league of nation swas created in order to stop another world war from occuring. yet it did not stop world war II from happening -
Mellon economic policies
Andre Mellon. He beleived in trickle down economy and that the economy would heal itself. He recued spendings and gave tax cuts to the wealthy -
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Labor unions
The Gompers: Samuel Gomper, beleived in a asimple unionism that focused on economic raher than political reform
AFL: search for improved work and skilled labors. but against female labor.
CIO: congress of industrial organizations -
Scopes Trial and cultural conflict
john Scopes was put under trial for teaching the concepts of eveolution -
Henry Fort Model T
Henry Fort developed a mass produced car . It reduced the price of transportation and migration was facilitated. there was a growth in urban cities due to the building of the model T. Middle class families were able to purchase a car. -
Kellog Brian pact
a rather idealistic pact between the great nations to never engage in war -
Henry Ford Model T
Henry fort was able to make a mass produced vehicle that eased trasnportation and migration. Middle class families were now able to afford automobiles. Urban city developments grew -
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The great Depression
stock market crash
bank failures
reduction inpurchasing across the board.
Drought conditions with farmers -
World war II draft
Drafts fro world war 2 began before the United States entered the war. they were both mandaatory. -
Post ww2 attitudes of Americans
Americans were initialy turned away from the army for political reasons. feared that there was communism at home. The domino effect. -
Brown Vs boad of education
Overtuned the case of Plessy VS Ferguson. Racial segregation is now unconstitutional -
Brown Vs bOard of Edu
overtuned Plessy vs Ferguson by stating that segrgation was uncosntitutuional
