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Second Great Awakening Began
Protestant revival spurring many social reforms and a rise in Baptist and Methodist congregation, and evangelist activity. -
Eli Whitney Patented the Cotton Gin
Doubled the yield of raw cotton and increased demand for land and slaves. -
Thomas Jefferson was elected president
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Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
In Richmond, Gabriel posed the first major slave rebellion, yet unsuccessfully. -
Louisiana Purchase
Land bought by France that expanded U.S territory and gave them control over the Mississippi. Napoleon sold the land to the U.S because of the lack of means to maintain the territory, or recruit money from it. -
Marbury vs. Madison
This case brought up 'judicial review', the power of the supreme/federal courts to nullify acts of Congress if it conflicts with the constitution. -
Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark explored the new western territory in the US, marking scientific discoveries, maps, and life of the Native Americans. They demonstrated the viability of the trail. -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
British Leopard attacked poorly equipped Chesapeake, causing American outrage. No retaliation was done on America's part besides the Embargo Act. -
Embargo Act
To maintain neutrality but also resistance, Thomas Jefferson placed the Embargo Act to withhold exporting goods from America. It ultimately failed and ended up being more of a major blow to America, as England and France found other ways to get their goods. It briefly revived the Federalist party to nullify the act. -
James Madison Elected President
He wrote the Federalist Papers and known as 'the father of the constitution'. The Federalist Papers were a persuasion tactic to get the Constitution ratified. -
Non-Intercourse Act
In place of the Embargo Act, the Non-Intercourse Act took place to be able to export goods--just not with France or Britain. Still wasn't an effective tactic. -
Francis Cabot Lowell Smuggled Memorized Textile Mill Plans from Manchester, England
Brought over factory plans from England and expanded the textile manufacturing industry. -
Beginning of Manifest Destiny
Territorial expansion of United States post war of 1812 and spurring the real immigrated ideal of westward expansion an pioneer life. -
Death of Tecmuseh
He was a Shawnee Native American who brought the concept of not ceding land if all of Natives did not agree to it. He fought against the redcoats and died during the Battle of Tippecanoe but also with him died Indian confederacy. -
End of the War of 1812
The war never ended with a definite victor between the British and America, but ended with the Treaty of Ghent being signed, ultimately not addressing the causes of the war in the first place, though it boosted American nationalism and patriotism. It also was a major blow for the Federalist party. -
The British Burn Washington DC
The British burn Washington DC during the war of 1812. This includes federal buildings and private homes. City evacuated before British arrived. -
Hartford Convention
A Federalist-made group in response to New Orleans' possible capture. It demanded financial assistance from Washington for lost trade and proposed 2/3rds of Congress agreeing to get an embargo or get into war. -
Treaty of Ghent Ratified
Both sides (British and America) agree to stop fighting and restore conquered territory. However, the grievances America proposed in the beginning of the war were never answered. -
Battle of New Orleans
A decisive battle during the war of 1812. Andrew Jackson recruited a huge army of slaves, sailors, pirates, Frenchmen, and militiamen alike in opposition of British forces. It prevented British from taking America's frontier and also gave a good rep to Jackson. America's honor was restored. -
Era of Good Feeling Began
During President Monroe's term in office when there was a halt in personal and political clashes. -
James Monroe Elected President
Re-elected during Era of Good Feelings, and with little opposition from the federalist party. Helped with the Missouri Compromise and the panic of 1819. -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
Laid the demilitarized boundary between the U.S. and Canada (Great Lakes & Lake Champlain). Improved relations between the British and U.S. by limiting navy vessels. -
Anglo-American Convention
A pact that allowed Americans to share fisheries with Canada. It drew a boundary and gave joint settlement in Oregon. All without surrendering rights from either America or Britain. -
Adams-Onis Treaty
Spain sold Florida over to America in exchange for reign in Texas. Signed between John Q. Adams and Don Luis de Onis. Spain. -
McCulloch vs. Maryland
Maryland tries to destroy a branch of the Bank of the US by imposing a tax on its notes. The Bank is declared constitutional by Hamiltonian doctrine of implied powers. John Marshall denies Maryland to impose tax on the bank. -
Panic of 1819
Financial crisis throughout the US followed by an economic collapse. -
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward
The state of New Hampshire attempted to cancel the charter of Dartmouth college (private) and make it a public school. Under the constitution states are not allowed to impair contracts. -
Missouri Compromise
Missouri is declared a slave state and Maine free. This gave the South an unrestricted slave state, and the North that Congress can forbid slavery in the rest of the territories. -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
Denmark Vesey was to lead this slave revolt in South Carolina. The attack never occurred due to the lack of communication and someone betraying their plans to the local authorities. Many of the followers were hung, and stricter black codes were placed. -
Monroe Doctrine
A document created by Monroe that prohibited European nations from interfering with western nations and the US itself -
John Quincy Adams Elected President (Corrupt Bargain)
Adams won the presidency in the House over Andrew Jackson. There was talk of corruption because house speaker Henry Clay had a major part in it and received a promotion. -
Gibbons vs. Ogden
New York had a law that gave individuals a right to use steamboats within state jurisdiction and to fine out-of-state vessels. The Supreme Court ruled that New York’s law was invalid through the Supremacy Clause which gives the national government the power to make and exercise laws concerning states and commerce. -
Erie Canal Completed
Connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean through the Hudson River -
Robert Owen founded the New Harmony Community
Welsh industrialist/social reformist purchases land with intent of forming Utopian community center for advances in education and scientific research. -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education
An educational reformer, pushed for better equipped schools, staying in school longer (16 years), higher pay for the teachers, and more curriculum. -
Tariff of Abominations
A protective tariff passed to protect industry in the northern states. -
Andrew Jackson Elected President
Formerly losing against Adams, Jackson wins the election in the rematch. He has problems with the National Bank and has issues pop up with the Native Americans -
Lyman Beecher Delivered his "Six Sermons on Intemperance"
Presbyterian minister co-founder of American Temperance society delivers sermon on the sine of intemperance in the eyes of God, backed up by quotes from the Bible. -
Catherine Beecher published essays on the Education of Female Teachers
Seminal essay promoting women as natural teachers and advocated for expansion and development of teacher training programs and claims that teachers were more important to society than a doctor or lawyer. -
Indian Removal Act
Signed by Andrew Jackson, a law authorizing the president to negotiate with Indians for their lands for territory in the west. -
Joseph Smith Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints
Created the LDS church which had a following. He moved the church to Missouri before he died and his successor moved it to Utah. -
Charles B. Finney Lead Religious Revivals in Western New York
Finney lead services unemotionally and with logic. He spoke of the terrors of Hell. His revival drew even more people than expected. -
Nullification Process Began
The Nullification Convention met and declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 to be unconstitutional and could not be forced in South Carolina without leading to its secession. -
Black Hawk War
Brief conflict between the U.S. and Native Americans led by Sauk leader, Black Hawk -
Worcester vs. Georgia
Georgia tried to regulate the dealings of its citizens and the Cherokee nation. The Supreme court ruled that because the Cherokee nation was its on community on its own territory, they can have dealings with Americans. -
Andrew Jackson Vetoed the Recharter of the Second Band of the United States
Jackson argued that the bank’s charter was unfair because it gave it considerable, monopolistic-like market power. -
Creation of the Whig Party in the U.S.
Created to go against Jacksonian Democrats. The Whigs supported modernization, banking, and the protection of the economy to produce more manufacturing. -
Treaty of New Echota
Ceding of Cherokee land to the U.S. The treaty was negotiated by a Cherokee leader Major Ridge, without approval by Chief John Ross. The Cherokees rejected the treaty even when it was ratified, and were thus forcibly removed from their lands. -
Texas Declared Independence from Mexico
Texas declaration of independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico is the Texas Revolution. -
Battle of the Alamo
13 day siege fought between handful of American rebels fighting for Texan independence from Mexico; forces of about 4000. -
Martin Van Buren Elected president
Elected 8th president, policies unpopular and failed to win a 2nd term (studied law) hand chosen by Andrew Jackson as predecessor. -
Andrew Jackson issued Spice Circular
Required payment to the government to be in Gold and Silver. Presidential executive order issued by Jackson in 1836 president to carriage act -
Transcendental Club's First Meeting
Meeting place for those of the same thought and frustration for the state of American culture and society. -
First McGuffey Reader Published
First textbooks in the U.S. and were designed to be more challenging as they went up in volumes. -
Panic of 1837
Financial and economic crisis followed by President Andrew Jackson's policies but not limited to the Spice Circular, upon other things. -
Trail of Tears Began
The forced removal of the Cherokee nation from Georgia to Oklahoma. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson gave the “Divinity School Address”
Gave “Divinity School Address” at Divinity College. It caused controversy from his argument for self-reliance and intuitive spiritualness and push away from formal religion. -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Treaty signed resolving frictions in relations between Anglo-Americans along several shared borders (U.S. and British North America) (i.e. the region that became Canada) -
Treaty of Wanghia with China
A treaty of peace, amity, and commerce between the United States and Chinese empire. -
James Polk elected President
A democrat, elected after defeating Whig Henry Clay 1844 in presidential election (11th president of U.S.) -
U.S. Annexation of Texas
Incorporation of Republic of Texas into the U.S., admitted as 18th staff, after debate over slavery and union entry. -
Start of the Mexican War
Disagreements in Texas erupt into armed conflict between Americas and Mexicans. Aided by American nationalist ideals and manifest destiny. -
Bear Fly Revolt
Small group of American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California of an independent republic. -
John Humphrey Noyes founded Oneida Community
Utopian society of perfectionists practicing communism, complex marriage and male sexual continence. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended the Mexican war with American victory over Mexico, signing over Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. -
Gold Rush Began in California
Gold found by James W. Marshall at Sutters' Hill in Coloma, California, spurring mass movement of people westward to California. -
Henry David Thoreau published "Civil Disobedience"
American Transcendentalist publication urging obedience of Human law / civil moral compass against government law and legislation (a natural moral compass) -
Commodore Matthew Perry entered Tokyo Harbor opening Japan to the U.S.
U.S. Navy to Tokyo Bay Harbor seeking to reestablish regular trade and discourse between Japan and western world for the first time in 200 years. -
Gadsden Purchase
U.S. agreed to pay Mexico $10 million for portion of Mexico that later became a part of Arizona and New Mexico. -
Kanagawa Treaty
Japan's 1st treaty with western nation marked end of Japan's period of seclusion; opened ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and permitting establishment of US consulate in Japan.
