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Second Great Awakening Began
A reform movement that addressed injustices and alleviated suffering. -
Eli Whitney Patented the Cotton Gin
Reshaped the economy of the South. -
Thomas Jefferson Elected President
The first peaceful transfer of power between two political parties. -
Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
Demonstrated the desire for an end to slavery. -
Louisiana Purchase
Gained the port of New Orleans and control of the Mississippi River for Americans. -
Marbury v. Madison
Established Judicial Review. -
Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition
Sought knowledge of Native Americans, Louisiana Territory, and a quicker route to the Pacific Ocean. -
Embargo Act
Prohibited American ships from trading with foreign ports. Intended to punish Britain and France. -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
Demonstrated America's navy resistance to Britain. -
James Madison Elected President
First individual to succeed a president of the same party. -
Non-Intercourse Act
Lifted all embargoes except for Britain and France. -
Francis Cabot Lowell Smuggled Memorized Textile Mill Plans From Manchester, England
Initiated textile mills in America. -
Death of Tecumseh
Led to the collapse of the Anglo-Indian alliance during the War of 1812. -
The British Burn Washington D.C.
Was designed to divert Americans from their attacks in Canada. -
Treaty of Ghent Ratified
Ended the War of 1812. -
End of the War of 1812
Led to further separation between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. Returned pre-war boundaries to both sides (Britain and America). -
Battle of New Orleans
Ended the War of 1812 and magnified Andrew Jackson as a leader. -
Hartford Convention
Federalist party discussed their grievances and opposition to the War of 1812. -
Era of Good Feeling Began
Pushed American purpose and unity. -
James Monroe Elected President
Depicted how divided the Federalist party had become. -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
Eliminated British and American ships on the Great Lakes thus preventing another Anglo-American war. -
Anglo-American Convention
Set the boundary between America and British North America at the forty-ninth parallel. -
Adams-Onis Treaty
Spain surrendered Florida to the U.S. -
McCulloch v. Maryland
Allowed congress to establish a National Bank. -
Panic of 1819
It marked the end of economic expansion following the War of 1812. -
Dartmouth College V. Woodward
New Hampshire legislature could not impair Dartmouth College's contract. -
Missouri Compromise
Enlarged the U.S. without upsetting the political balance of "slave" and "free" states. -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
Demonstrated the continuous fight for the abolishment of slavery. -
Monroe Doctrine
Created separate spheres of European and American influence. -
John Quincy Adams Elected President (Corrupt Bargain)
Several states did not conduct a popular vote, so state legislatures chose their electors -- a corrupt bargain. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
The power to regulate interstate commerce encompassed the power to regulate navigation. -
Erie Canal Completed
Gave western states direct access to the Atlantic Ocean. It also connected Lake Erie and the Great Lakes to the Hudson River. -
Charles B. Finney Lead Religious Revivals in Western New York
Popularized religious revivals in America. -
Robert Owen Founded the New Harmony Community
Attempts at establishing Utopian societies in Indiana. -
Tariff of Abominations
Protected American Industry from foreigners. -
Andrew Jackson Elected President
Led to doubts about John Quincy Adam's win in 1824. -
Lyman Beecher Delivered His "Six Sermons on Intemperance"
Preached against the sin of overindulgence. -
Indian Removal Act
The law authorized [Andrew Jackson] to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands. -
Joseph Smith Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints
Established a distinctive new religious tradition. -
Worcester v. Georgia
Deemed the Georgia criminal statute that criminalized non-Native Americans settling on Native American land as unconstitutional. -
Andrew Jackson Vetoed the Re-Charter of the Second Bank of the United States
The rechartering of the Bank of the United States was deemed "incompatible to justice, sound policy, and the constitution," in accordance to Andrew Jackson. -
Nullification Crisis Began
South Carolina began nullifying the Tariffs of 1828. -
Black Hawk War
Demonstrated the continuous conflict between Native Americans and colonists over westward expansion. -
Creation of the Whig Party in the U.S.
Demonstrated the support of Congress and the opposition to Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. -
Treaty of New Echota
Provided the legal basis for the trail of tears, the forcible removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia. -
Catherine Beecher Published Essays on the Education of Female Teachers
Emphasized the importance of women teachers. -
Transcendental Club's First Meeting
Gave rise to Transcendentalism, a philosophy that taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity. -
Texas Declared Independence from Mexico
Demonstrated resistance to Santa Anna, the president of Mexico. -
Martin Van Buren Elected President
Pushed the strengthening of states' rights and sought to minimize federal authority. -
Andrew Jackson Issued Specie Circular
Required payment for government land to be in gold and silver. -
First McGuffey Reader Published
Foundational piece for American schooling. -
Battle of the Alamo
Texas fought for independence from Mexico. -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the Massachussetts Board of Education
A Whig party member who warned against the perils of Democracy. He emphasized education in combating capitalism. -
Panic of 1837
Caused profits, prices, and wages to go down while unemployment went up. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson gave the "Divinity School Address"
Perpetuated Transcendentalism and criticized Unitarianism. -
Trail of Tears Began
Native tribes lost 1/4th of its population to cholera, starvation, coldness, and exhaustion. -
John Humphrey Noyes Founded the Oneida Community
A Utopian religious group that perpetuated communism. -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Resolved border issues between the United States and Britain over Canada. -
Treaty of Wanghia with China
Diplomatic agreement between Qing-dynasty China and the United States. -
James Polk Elected President
Dark horse president during the war with Mexico. -
Beginning of Manifest Destiny
Belief that the U.S. was destined by God to expand its dominion across the entire North American continent. -
U.S. Annexation of Texas
Was justified by the principle of Manifest Destiny. -
Bear Flag Revolt
Rebellion against the Mexican government and establishment of California as an independent republic. -
Start of the Mexican War
Demonstrated the fight for control over Texas between Mexico and America. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Added an additional 525,000 to U.S. Territory. -
Gold Rush Began in California
Sped up California's admission to the Union as the 31st state. -
Henry David Thoreau Published Civil Disobedience
Emphasized the importance of individuality and self-reliance. -
Gadsden Purchase
The U.S. agreed to pay Mexico 10 Million for 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico -- became Arizona and New Mexico. -
Commodore Matthew Perry Entered Tokyo Harbor Opening Japan to the U.S.
Opened Japan to the West. -
Kanagawa Treaty
Opened the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and established a U.S. consulate in Japan.
