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Jamestown
Jamestown was the first English settlement in the new world. British, French, and Spanish came to find land and new opportunity. The English started to Settle in what they called Jamestown. Settlers in Virginia got 100 acres of land and new settlers got 50. Families migrate from England together and built new lives. -
Slavery
Slavery began in Jamestown. This slowly replaced the indentured servant system. Slaves were brought over from Africa on ships to work. The Northern colonies had smaller amounts of slaves then the southern, there was 1-4 in a household in the North and 5-20 in the south. But the North had smaller lands while the souths farms were bigger. The North slaves had a little more trust and freedom with the owners while the south Slaves didn't have much trust at all. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a time were people began to question the nature of power and rights especially dealing with religion. John Locke believed that everyone should have 3 main natural rights, life, liberty, and the pursuit of property. The outcome of the enlightenment was to end wars related to religion and how it should be practiced and taught. -
The First Great Awakening
The great awakening was the first spiritual re-awakening in American colonies. This emphasized on individual religious experiences, and peoples personal relationships with god. George Whitefield traveled all over the colonies and gave speeches. Many people came to here him speak, he spoke that God loves everyone and everyone is equal in the eyes of God. -
Salutary Neglect
The British King and parliament create many trade restrictions but they fail to strictly enforce them. it was an unwritten policy and lasted about 150 years. The colonies get use to being left alone and become independent, salutary neglect is a big factor to wanting independence. -
The Boston Massacre
Deadliest snowball fight in history. Colonists weren't happy with the British, and having to pay high taxes and not having their own government. They started throwing snowballs with stones in them striking one of the British troops. The troops then started shooting into the crowd of colonists. This just made things between the British and Colonist worse. -
The Quartering Act
This Act was put in place meaning that colonists had to house British soldiers and feed them. Neither the British nor the Colonists were too happy about this. The colonists and British were not getting along and this just added to the list. Tension had been building up between the British and Colonists and it just continued to build. If colonists couldn't house them the Soldiers then went to winery's or other buildings that were open. -
beginning of revolution
British and colonists were not getting along, the British had put taxes and restrictions on the colonists and the colonists weren't happy. The colonists had been preparing for a possible revolution and had guns, ammunition, and cannons in Concord. A British insider found out about the colonists stuff and went to Concord to seize it. They also found out that Hancock and Adams were in Lexington so they went after them. all this led to the first gun fire knows as "the shot heard around the world." -
Second continental Congress
This took place in Philadelphia after the shots fired in Lexington and the revolution had started. All 13 colonies showed up. The meeting was led by John Hancock, and conservatives were led by John Dickinson. They wanted reconciliation with Great Britain. They sent out the letter for the olive branch petition to King George III who later denied it. The radicals led by John Adams and Samuel Adams wanted independence and wanted support for that and the revolution. -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was a formal written document put together by Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. This was a document made to declare independence from the British and their power in the colonies. The document cut ties with the British and the crown making what was known as the colonies into what they called states. -
Benjamin Franklin
Franklin was an important figure in history. He helped during the revolutionary war, by being involved in the second continental congress and helping draft the declaration of independence. He was one of the founding fathers that signed the document. Franklin proceeded to go to France because he could speak french and got the Treaty of Paris signed that ended the revolutionary war. -
Shays' Rebellion
This was an armed rebellion lead by Daniel Shays in Springfield Massachusetts. The rebellion was a protest for what Shays thought was an unjust economic policies. The rebellion showed the weakness in the articles of confederation, the rebellion led to many people including Washington to protest and strengthen the federal government. Shays' Rebellion ultimately made people question how much control and what the government should be in charge of. -
George Washington
Washington was a very well known and well liked person. He was a commander in chief of the continental army. He was the 1st U.S president and came up with many different presidential precedents. He served 2 terms and decided that, that was enough time for anyone to serve. He established the cabinet, and the court system. He was well liked by most colonists and shaped the way the U.S works even in todays world. -
John Adams
Adams was the first vice president along side Washington. He Then became the 2nd United States president. During his presidency He put in place the XYZ affairs, trying to gain peace with the French. He also created the Navy. This was so American trade routes would be protected from other countries, and defend the coast. -
Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson was the 3rd U.S president, and a founding father. He was a strict constructionist and wanted everything to be done following the constitution. His presidency ended the federalist era and created a whole new era, him being elected and the change in government is known as the Revolution of 1800. He was the first president inaugurated in Washington D.C. He passes the Louisiana purchase and doubles the size of the United states. He also sent out Lewis and Clark to explore the new land. -
Marbury V. Madison
Madison finds a letter granting John Marbury a federal Judgeship, Jefferson tells Madison not to send the letter. Marbury finds out and than sues to gain the spot he thinks is his. The supreme court sided with Jefferson and Madison and refuses to grant Marbury the position because they find part of the the Judiciary act unconstitutional. The supreme court claimed the right of 'judicial review' or the right to say if something is constitutional or not. -
Embargo Act
The French and British are at war again. Jefferson wants to stay neutral between the two of them and not seem as if he is "picking sides". He puts in place the Embargo Act, this stops all foreign trade. This isn't a very popular act with the merchants, traders, and business people. A lot of their supplies came from foreign countries. This destroys the American economy because traders and merchants can't get what they need. But it does encourage the growth of domestic manufacturing. -
Star Spangled Banner
The Star Spangled Banner was written by Francis Scott Key. He was a prisoner on a British Barge and witnessed the British Bombardment of Fort McHenry for 12 hours. In the morning he saw that the American flag still flew even after the fighting. He wrote a poem called ' The defense of fort McHenry' which becomes the star spangled banner. This was all going on during the war of 1812. -
British burning the Capital
The British Army invaded the U.S and marched on Washington D.C. After a brief fight the city surrenders and nearly all government buildings are razed. Madison and his family were sitting down to eat when British soldiers came in. The Soldiers burned the white house and other building around. As the Madison's' exited the white house Dolly Madison grabbed paintings and other important documents to save. She was seen as a hero for getting the documents. -
Battle of New Orleans
The U.S was a band of experienced soldiers and British troops were trained, but British soldiers got mauled by the U.S. the U.S was led by Andrew Jackson whos army inflicted great casualties on the British troops. There was a total of 2,042 British killed and 71 Americans. Jackson will be associated with winning the war because people will think this is the victory that ended the war. -
The American System
The American System was a speech given by Henry Clay. His speech had some key elements for the "American system", One was to have a strong central bank, this provides easy and abundant credit for Americans. Another was putting in place protective tariffs to spur manufacturing. And finally the revenue raised by these tariffs would be used to create a strong transportation networks of roads, railroads, canals and more. -
Election of 1824
Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, and William H. Crawford ran for presidency. No candidate won the majority vote. The 12th amendment says that the vote goes to the House. Henry Clay was the speaker so he dropped out of the race. Adams and clay end up meeting no one knows what was said and, clay ended up publicly supporting Adams and he won the election. -
The Spoils System
Jackson took office and started firing many government employees. He had fired over 200 employees, critics had said that he was just rewarding democrats with the jobs and choosing his party to fill the roles instead of qualified men. Jackson felt that ordinary Americans could fill the positions just as well as the wealthy could. So the spoils system was put in place which was the practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs. -
Steam Engine
The steam engine is something that helped change America and how goods were transported. This was invented first by Thomas Savery and James Watt. The steam engine powers mechanical equipment using steam. This led to the steam boat which then led to more canals being built and the use of the rivers more. This made timing of things being imported and exported faster and easier on people. Not to mention trains being build using the steam engine and railroads which transported things and people. -
2nd Great Awakening
The second great awakening was lead by Charles Finney and Lyman Beecher. This Time the Great Awakening was focused on free will, church as a vehicle of social change, works pointed to the condition of your soul, and Greater role and voice for women. The 2nd Awakening was similar to the 1st because they were both emotionally driven, growth of church attendance and membership, and working on personal relationships with god. -
Indian Removal Act
This Act was passed by congress and supported by Jackson. The Indian Removal removed Natives from their eastern land to the west in Oklahoma. There were already Natives out west so forcing the tribes from the east caused conflicts between tribes. Also Oklahoma was more plains and natives from the east weren't use to living in plain areas, so this created problems with the way they lived. -
Abolitionism
Its the support to completely end slavery and make African Americans free people. Before the civil war in the North there were a few abolitionist and they wrote and spoke about freeing African Americans. This went on for years prior to the Civil War and 13th Amendment and became more prominent at times and gained support in the North. The South however was not happy about Abolitionism and didn't want African Americans to have that freedom. -
Nullification crisis
The south was mad about the "tariff of abomination" and threatened to nullify the law. Calhoun thought he Tariff was unconstitutional and thinks the states could declare the law null and void. Jackson wanted to preserve the union and fought nullification. They passed a lower tariff but the South still wasn't happy and they passed the nullification ordnance, and threatened that if they were forced to comply they would secede. The government said that secession would be considered treason. -
Texas
No one in Mexico wanted to move to Texas, so they told Americans they could have free land. Americans flooded to Texas but found out when they got there they had to become Mexican citizens and turn Catholic. They started to collect taxes and enforce being Catholic but Americans were stubborn. Davey Crocket goes to defend but every person who goes dies. The U.S decided to help as long as Texas became a U.S territory. They went to war an U.S gained Texas after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. -
Women's Suffrage
Women's suffrage started in the west and came east, Montana declined statehood because they wanted women to have the right to vote. This movement went on for years and women didn't get the right to vote until 1920. Many events took place from the 1830s-1920. A convention at Seneca Falls encouraged women and gained more support. This went on during the time when Abolitionism was high so they traded power at times. So women's suffrage didn't gain a lot of power until after the 13th amendment. -
compromise of 1850
Their was a lot of tensions on what to do with new territory. The South wanted to see an expansion of slave states and some wanted it abolished. Henry Clay came up with a compromise California would enter as a free state, the slave trade in Washington D.C would end, Strict fugitive slave laws are enacted nationwide, and territories applying for statehood will now get to choose if they want to be a free or slave state by popular sovereignty. Henry Clay came in and saved the U.S again. -
Bleeding Kansas
States can now choose if they are free or not and Kansas is next. The North wants them to choose to be free and that it is the Godly thing to do, while the south wants to expand Slavery. Lyman Beecher goes to churches and gets people to donate money, he then goes to Kansas and buys a bunch of land. Kansas becomes a state People in Missouri go to Kansas and to a Abolitionist town and blows up houses and buildings. Then gets ballots and votes pro-slavery making Kansas a Slave state. -
Lincoln Douglas debate
It was a set of 7 debates and was the first real presidential debate. Lincoln wants slavery to end but says if he's elected it isn't in his power to end slavery. He knows that the whole U.S will become either all slavery or free. Lincoln and Douglas argued over issues dealing with slavery and other issues in that time. Democrats used what Lincoln said to create fearing saying that he is going to trample over states and become a dictator. Douglas won most debates but Lincoln won over all. -
John Brown
He goes into 3 cabins where pro-slavery families live and hacked the men and boys to death, he becomes the most wanted person in the South. After killing those people Brown went into hiding His followers go into Harpers Fairy Virginia to acquire the guns and weapons the government kept there. The plan was John along with the followers to go through the South freeing slaves and arming them with weapons. But Him and his followers were trapped by people in Harpers Fairy and his men were killed. -
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter was were the first shot was fired during the Civil War. It wasn't a battle but is the start of the Civil War. The south attacked the Union and then seceded becoming their own country. They chose a president and became known as the confederacy. The senators in the south cannot be senators because they are not part of the country. West Virginia seceded from Virginia when they seceded from the U.S and border states still had slavery but were part of the U.S. -
Battle of Bull Run
This was the first official battle of the war. This is were Thomas Jackson got his nickname "stonewall" Jackson for standing like a stonewall against the Union. The union ended up retreating which gave Confederates the victory. This battle showed that the Union needed more training and that it was going to be a long war. -
Transcontinental Rail Road
There were 2 different companies building the rail road, the Central Pacific rail road company which started in the West, and the Union Pacific Rail Road company which was in the East. They were given 10 years to build the railroads and would get payed by the mileage they covered. The companies met at Promontory point Utah, The West company may have covered less land but went through mountains and more dangerous areas. While the east was mainly plains land. -
The Emancipation Proclamation
This was passed by Lincoln to free the slaves in the confederacy states but the boarder states in the union stayed enslaved states. This was put in place to the states that rebelled and weren't loyal the the union. This caused more slave rebellion and free slaves joining the union to fight. When the union took over an area they freed all the slaves. This also increased sympathy from Europe. Lincoln just wanted the United States back together. -
Lincoln's 10% plan
Lincoln wanted to reconstruct the United States and make them one. His plan was to reconstruct and not have any feelings of animosity. He would give pardons to any confederate leaders who swore an oath to the Union and constitution and agreed to emancipation. Sense the south seceded they had to claim statehood and in order to do that they needed 10% of the state to swear to loyalty. states also had to make new constitutions that outlaw slavery. Most thought this was too nice of Lincoln. -
Freedmen's Bureau
The Freedmen's Bureau was created to help newly free slaves build a life. It was also to calm nerves and fears that African Americans had after becoming free. The bureau helped them get schooling and build/ create schools and hire teacher. They help negotiate labor contracts to make sure they were making fair deals, they helped secure loans, find and purchase land, and they provided legal aid. This helped a lot and calmed fears they had, Freedmen's Bureau went on for a couple years. -
Andrew Johnson
Johnson took over office after Lincoln was assassinated. He put a reconstruction plan into place similar to Lincoln's except his disenfranchised from southerners who were former leaders of the confederacy and owed more than $20,000 in taxable property. But he had the right to grant personal pardons. Johnson did get impeached but was not removed from office, so from the time of being impeached to the election he knew he lost most power and stayed in office until his term was up. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment banned all types of slavery and freed all slaves. This was passed after the Civil War ended. This also banned any involuntary servitude, So African Americans were finally free and had more freedom. But even if they were considered free southern people still made life hard on the African Americans and were not accepting. They created black codes which resembled rules from when they were enslaved and racists groups such as the KKK were formed. -
14th Amendment
All people born in the United States were full U.S citizens. Everyone that was naturalized were full citizens. All states were required to protect U.S citizens with full protection through the laws and the legal process, if a state was found to be deriving people their voting rights they lost representation in congress. This was to stop southerners from passing laws against African Americans. -
15th Amendment
the 15th Amendment was passed to stop the south from not letting African American men the right to vote. This Amendment gave any citizen no matter their race, color, or previous condition of servitude the right to vote, that states could not deny any man the right to vote if they were a citizen. This was passed after the 1868 election in which congress realized they needed African Americans votes. This was very unpopular in the North and the democrats started to gain much needed Northern support -
Western Settlement and Indian wars
Lands in the west that was traditionally Native land is being settled on and buffalo herd are being hinted and destroyed. Waves on new settlers create tension with Natives and when Natives fight backs or defend the land settlers appeal to the U.S government for protection. Natives start to get pushed to reservations weather they corporate or not. As more people came the smaller the reservations got, gold was also found which shrunk them more because the government would claim the gold. -
American Indian Bordering schools
Native American children were forced to go to these bordering schools across the U.S. In these schools they could only speak English they were taught about Christianity and how to do "normal" American things. Children were ripped from their families starting at 6 and would be at these schools for 10 years before being released. Their culture and everything they've known is taken away from them. They had American names and were forced to cut their hair. -
Populist Party
Started in Kansas in response to high debt, falling farm prices, and high unemployment in lower classes. Was most popular amongst agrarian workers, they were often thought of as a party of radicals and reformers. These people tended to be anti-industry/big businesses/banking. William Jennings Bryant was the presidential nominee and leader of the Populists party, he is best known for his delivery of the "Cross of gold" speech. -
Imperialism
The extending of power and influence, through military, political, or economic means, to countries, territories, or people beyond your national boarders. The higher output of goods brought about by industrialization of America meant that more markets were ended to sell American goods and increase American profits. The United states wanted to become the strongest nation and have more profits and ideas then other countries. -
U.S.S. Maine
The U.S.S. Maine was a ship that was peacefully sitting on the Havana Harbor in Cuba. It was anchored there to protect U.S citizens and economic interest but was not trying to fight. One night the Ship exploded killing 260 Sailors. it was published and papers and said that it was blown up by Spain and this was the big push that caused the war Between the U.S and Spain. Years later it was found out that the ship had a malfunction and exploded, but at the time McKinley was ready for war. -
Spanish-American War
After the U.S.S Maine exploded McKinley and the rest of the U.S was ready to go to war against Spain. The United states navy deployed ships to engage Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. They destroyed Spanish fleets on both fronts crippling the Spanish ability to fight the war and stranding it's army in Cuba. After a few short Brutal battles the U.S captured and trapped their men and won. This gave Cuba their independence as well as the U.S gaining more territory such as Puerto Rico and Guam. -
Industrial expansion
After the war the U.S. started to expand more, but in industrial ways. We became more powerful we are able to use water, steam, coal and more in better ways creating more power. We discovered massive oil reserves in Texas helping us gain even more power. We also created steel which is used to build bigger buildings, railroads, and ships. we became the worlds leading producer of steel, and were building more and more buildings making them bigger then ever possible. -
"New Immigrant"
The population of the U.S. rises continuously and now there are new people migrating to the U.S. from southern and eastern Europe and Asia. They were called the "new Immigrant". These people unlike others in the past do not speak english and are coming to gain new opportunities in the U.S. They are mainly Catholic and Jewish or other non-protestant groups. They come to the U.S. for work and to start over and have different lives then they lived in their other country. -
progressive era
Social, political, and economic growth was a huge part of the progressive era. People started working a lot more but with small wages because of the amount of immigration and the new immigrants trying to find jobs and places to live. The government had political corruption from the amount of growth it endured there was also a lot of abuse within the government. lower class people were working so hard that they had little time to live normal lives. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt became vice president to William McKinley, he wasn't liked by republicans because he was seen as a wild card that would be hard to control. However he was very popular and without him by McKinley's side he most likely wouldn't have gotten elected. McKinley was then assassinated which left Roosevelt next to be president. He starts getting rid of bad trusts, he creates many national parks and reserves, and creates many reforms to better working conditions and keep people safe. -
Andrew Carnegie
He was born into a poor family who at age 6 had to start working in a steel mill to help make ends meet. Years later he ends up owning the largest steel company. He became very wealthy and believed wealthy people should give back and do what the poor could not. He established schools, universities, and libraries for the poor, so they could have the opportunity to get an education and be able to have opportunities Carnegie didn't have starting out. -
Muckrakers/ Crusaders
The Muckrakers' were also the crusaders. They were journalists who shone light on issues that society had been ignoring. Jacob Riis was a photographer and writer who brought life the horrors of the tenement housing that immigrants were living in. Lewis Hine was a photographer and writer that captures pictures of child labor and how it's affect the children. Upton Sinclair wrote a book about the meat packing industries and how gross and how bad the conditions were within the industries. -
Wisconsin Plan
The Wisconsin plan was put into place by Robert La Follette, he was a Wisconsin congressman he wanted a more perfect version of the government. The Wisconsin plan was created for recall, referendum, and initiative. The more important parts of the plan were that senators needed to be directly elected by popular vote. The plan also put in place the Australian ballot which meant people couldn't go to the courthouse and see who voted for who, creating less conflicts between people. -
Tenement housing
People from lower classes were forced to find the cheapest housing they could, these were called tenement houses. They were always very run down and had maybe 1 bedroom and one open area. They were very cramped and small and made living in them very difficult. With no bathroom they couldn't bathe in privacy and had to completely leave the building to use the bathroom. They were very nasty and disease ridden from not being properly cleaned or taken care of by landlords. -
Booker T. Washington
He preached a philosophy of self-help and racial solidarity. He told African Americans to accept the discrimination against them, and concentrate on working hard and creating a life for themselves no matter the discrimination they get. He also believed that everyone deserved an education and that African American's can do what whites could. He said that if they work and continue to work they would earn the respect from the whites and be seen as equals. -
WEB DuBois
He was the first African American to get a doctorate and graduate from Harvard. He did not think that Washington's idea would workout and that it would only lead to more white oppression. He thought there should be more political action unlike Washington and he was the founder of the NAACP which was a huge help in the Civil Rights movement. He also believed that social change could be made by developing a group of college educated blacks called the the talented ten. -
William Howard Taft
Taft was president after T.R. He broke more trusts then T.R. created more national parks and preserves than T.R. He creates the children's bureau, he did more than Roosevelt had but Roosevelt didn't feel he did enough with national parks or prolonging the policies Roosevelt created. in return to this Roosevelt enters into the race against Taft because he doesn't feel he did enough. -
Knights of labor
The Knights of Labor were a group that accepted everyone, men, woman, all religion and races even skilled and unskilled workers. They wanted to abolish the unfair wage system and wanted everyone to be on an 8 hour work day. They went against child labor and thought it was wrong. They set up boycotts and protests to get their point across and really push for a change. They gained well over 700,000 members. -
Emerging middle class
While more and more jobs were created in the gilded age paying low wages, this helped create more jobs that had high pay. While factories became more popular to work at people who had higher education or more skill would now become managers and earn higher wages. People now became accountants, and attorneys creating more money and becoming middle class citizens. People would buy more luxuries to easily distinguish themselves from lower class citizens. Their kids would also get higher education. -
immigrant neighborhoods
These were neighborhoods that evolved from immigrants coming to the city and moving into places around people of the same nation of origin. They were usually in the cheapest area they could live and find after moving to the U.S, but living around people of the same origin helped maintain traditions and native practices that people were use to. But a downside was it slowed learning new things about the U.S including English and how traditions and things were here. -
Woodrow Wilson
He was the 28th president and president during WWI. When the war first broke out in Europe Wilson along with the American people decided to stay neutral. But after and attack on the U.S. and multiple attacks on the ships he decided to enter the war. He was the president all through the war and even made the 14 points for the post-war plan. He helped come up with the plan for Germany after the war and what all they could and couldn't have or do because of their actions. -
technology in WWI
With technology growing we were now able to create new weapons and ideas for war. Tanks became a way to go into places like no mans land and make more attacks. We also had better guns and bombs that caused more deaths then ever before. The technology in this war made it the most deadly war we have fought in. chemical warfare had become a very common use in the war and a big reason there were so many deaths. Our weapons had become stronger and more powerful making fighting more dangerous. -
Entry into WWI
After multiple ships were sunk from submarine warfare and Germany had convinced Mexico to attack the U.S. Wilson decided that it was time that the U.S. enter the war. We stayed very natural and hadn't really said much about the submarine warfare until after Germany continued to attack our ships even after saying they would stop. Wilson along with the Citizens did not want to enter into the war and stayed neutral until Mexico wanted to attack the U.S, and then Wilson declared war. -
Treaty of Versailles
Germany had agreed to the armistice, but Britain and France insisted that Germany needed to be punished, and Germany didn't have the will to fight more. So they agreed to sign the treaty of Versailles. This ended the war, and created a bunch of stipulations against Germany. They couldn't have certain weapons, limited number of battle ships, planes, and other war technology. They also couldn't go into certain areas and were only allowed so many men in the military. -
palmer raids
There was a huge fear in the U.S. of people being communists or spies for the communist's party. Politicians wanted to stop the possible spread of communist ideas so Mitchell palmer encouraged raids were hundreds of people were arrested and then deported. The fear was because of high immigration people would come to the U.S. with their communist ideas and Americans would start to go along with the ideas. The Palmer raids were there to stop that from happening. -
18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment was put into place banning all selling, drinking, and possession of alcohol. This is after many years of women fighting for alcohol to be ban because they believe it ruined families and affected how family life was. Though there was a ban that didn't stop people from illegally selling and serving alcohol in places called speakeasy's. This law was in place for 14 years until TR repealed the amendment in 1933. -
The New Woman
The 1920's brought a new attitude to women. They began to start speaking out even more and really pushing to get what they believe is right to happen. Other women also started to looks and dress different, having shorter haircuts, wearing shorter dresses, and openly drinking and smoking. These girls set up a whole new look for women and more started to follow in their footsteps. They would drink and smoke, and usually didn't marry. Their views on what women should do had completely changed. -
19th amendment
The 19th amendment brought the right for women to vote. After years of women fighting and protesting they now had the right to vote and had more of a say of what they wanted and could now feel like their voices were being heard. Even with the right to vote women still weren't treated as equal as they wanted and were judged and looked at like they couldn't do things men could. While they were looked at with a little more respect they still faced a lot of conflicts. -
The KKK
After being banned in the late 1800's the KKK started to rise again. This time unlike last they targeted Catholics, Jews, African Americans and anyone that wasn't a white protestant man. This started after a huge rise in immigration from other countries and African Americans getting more freedom and rights. These were all men who didn't agree with anyone but them getting rights and being known as American's. They became a very dangerous group, that many people feared and tried to move from. -
The red scare
WWI created a lot of fear when it was over. Americans started to fear the idea of communisms and anyone that seemed unpatriotic or trying to go against American Values was feared and seen as a communism. America started to become more fearful when allowing immigrants into the U.S and had great fear of them. The last thing anyone wanted were communists to immigrate to the United States and try to spread their beliefs. The U.S started to set up regulations and were allowing less immigrants in. -
Alcohol Ban
During the 1900's women started to protest and fight against alcohol. They said that is was a bad substance and that it caused a lot of family issues when drank. Marriages would break up, tons of money would get spent on it, and it in general would cause issues. Woman protested for its ban and when it was finally banned, more people then ever started drinking again. People would go to speakeasies and other secret clubs to drink. It became more of a problem after the ban then before. -
Automobiles
In the 1920's when the economy was the best it had ever been. There was a huge rise in the middle class, and people could start to afford automobiles. Ford was able to have Model T cars put together in 90 minutes meaning he could produce them faster then ever. This also meant they cost about $280, giving more Americans the opportunity to buy them. This led to the creation of more roads and people were now moving away from the city because they could now drive. Expansion was bigger than ever now. -
Herbert Hoover
Hoover was president during the depression, seen as a do nothing president. He really didn't do anything to try and help or provide relief during the time. He did not like direct federal aid, and felt that raising taxes would only worsen the depression. He really believed it would just fix itself and there wasn't a whole lot he could do. He told people to go to charitable organizations or churches, but with peoples money being so tight, these places couldn't provide much help at all. -
The causes of the Depression
While the economy boomed in the 20's the late 20's and 30's did not see much of that. Cracks had formed in the economic foundation and in the end the stock market crashed. The U.S. joined in with most of the world in the Great Depression. This left unemployment at 25% the most it had been in a long time. Many people became homeless and very poor. People would wait in lines to get bread or any kind of food. People lived in Hooverville's which were open areas for people to build shelter. -
The Dust bowl
To add the depression 5 states including a few others that were sort of affected, were covered with dust. The soil from over farming, being exhausted, and eroded, caused huge dust storms. farmers couldn't farm because of the conditions plus there was no good soil to farm with. These dust storms covered houses, equipment, and injured or killed many people. Food while already scares from the depression became even more scares and unlikely for families to get it. Many families had to move to live. -
The New Deal
FDR became president After Hoover. He did not waste anytime, in his first 100 days he did more than Hoover ever did. He planned and came up with the New deal this would help create more jobs for people and give some income to families who are seeing little to no money because of the depression. He wanted to help the Depression and provide relief to those who haven't seen any. He put in as much effort as possible to come up with a plan, people loved him because of this, they started to gain hope. -
the Homefront
While millions of men go off to fight woman back at home start to have a higher roll. Women were now going and working in all different jobs. This included factories and other industrial jobs. They felt they had a better roll in society and that they were helping. Not only women but also African Americans filled the empty spots in the workforce. making weapons and other materials needed for the war. Along with being as helpful as they could from home. -
Pearl Harbor
Japan had taken over Manchuria and Indo China, The U.S had strong ties with these spots. We had demanded that Japan withdraw from these areas. After they refuse the U.S. stops selling oil to Japan. Japan didn't like this and on December 7th they launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Naval base in Hawaii. This came in 2 waves and caught the U.S. completely off guard. Japan had successfully launched an attack on the U.S. pulling the U.S. into the war, specifically against Japan. -
Rationing
During the war people in the Homefront were asked to conserve food and resources used. This started a ration, people were given little books and it came with a certain amount of cards and that's all they could use for a month. They were given enough for the family to live off of. This was to conserve resources for the military and make sure they had enough to get through the war. People were encourage to grow small gardens for extras and some even traded certain ration cards for what they wanted -
D-Day
Troops had spent 18 months preparing and training for D-day. This was the largest seaborne invasion ever. 156,000 troops crossed the English channel and landing on 5 beaches in Normandy. The beaches had already been stormed by 23,000 airborne troops that had landed behind enemy lines, they controlled roads and bridges; this was so the seaborne troops could gain more land easier. Within 7 days the allies had controlled 80 miles of the coast. This was a success for the Allies. -
Jackie Robinson
First African American on a major league baseball team. He had to take a tremendous amount of abuse and discrimination from fans, players, and teammates. He never retaliated and always kept his cool when it came to what people said or did to him. He became a huge inspiration to millions of African Americans because he was doing something others dreamed of doing. More African Americans started to watch baseball as well and there was now a wider audience. Jackie was a gateway to civil rights. -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan sent resources and money to countries affected by communism. During the Cold war countries were being bombed and destroyed because of Stalin's plans and wants that he would take control. European countries were heavily affected and the U.S. wanted to help its allies and possibly even gain some. We gave billions of dollars to countries to help rebuild what had been destroyed. We also had soldiers go to help rebuild, we gained allies that we didn't have before because of our help -
NATO
This is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization that has multiple different countries involved. It brings together free and sovereign countries so that they can create a collective security system. The purpose is that if there is an attack on one of the included countries in either Europe or north America it would be an attack on them all. This meant that if anyone was attack then every country within NATO would then get involved. -
G.I. Bill
This was put in place as a way for the government to say thank you to the soldiers who fought during WWII. It came with a lot of benefits for the person who served which in turn could help their families. This offered free college or trade school for them which made getting a degree more popular and people were now able to make more money from work because they could get degrees easier. They were given low interest home loans, and business loans. Meaning many people bought or built houses. -
television
In the 1950's there was a boom in the selling and watching of television. With more people becoming part of the middle class or even just being able to afford television they were selling more and more. This also meant the creation of new shows and the ability for companies to advertise and sell their products more. Companies could pay to have a commercial play to show their products which led to people going and buying more things. Now almost everyone has some kind of T.V. in their home. -
Korean war
Communists North Korea pushed South Korea and unprepared U.S. army all the way to Pusan in the south, where they were then stopped by U.S. firepower. MacArthur made an invasion and threatened to trap all the North Korean forces fighting near the Pusan perimeter where they trapped the other forces. Chinese communist's got into North Korea and pushed UN troops back to the 38th parallel. in 1953 an armistice was signed ending the war and now South and North Korea are divided at the 38th parallel. -
Eisenhower interstate highway Act
This was the largest public works project in history, The idea was it would make evacuating easier in case of a bombing during the cold war. It was all based on the fear that Russia was going to bomb the U.S. and with the new system it meant people could get away faster with less traffic and faster times. This made traveling more popular and people started to actually go places outside of the state they lived in. the interstates became more popular than imagined and became heavily used. -
Little Rock Arkansas
In Little Rock 9 African American students were the first to attempt integration. Plessy law was struck down and now integration was allowed and encouraged, but it was still being blocked. 9 students got together and decided to try and go to one of their public schools, when they got there the national guard had blocked the doorway and people were protesting their entrance. After days Eisenhower sent the 101st division and told them to make sure those kids got into the building. -
U-2 incident
The U.S. spy plane was shot down over the soviet Union and the pilot was captured. He ejected from his plane but failed to take the cyanide pill leaving him alive after being shot down. The pilot was put on trial after being captured and told them everything. He completely betrayed the U.S. and didn't hold back what he told them. He claims he didn't take the pill because he lost consciousness after ejecting himself. He was held captive and the U.S. traded him back for a Soviet Soldier. -
Lunch Counter sit-ins
In North Carolina 4 African American college students went into a segregated store and asked to be served. When they were refused service they just continued to sit at the bar and refused to leave. Their sit-in encouraged millions of others to do the same thing all around the south. 6 months after they were denied service they were then served at the same store sitting at the same counter. their bravery along with everyone else who did the same thing made a difference in just a few months. -
Civil Rights Act
This is signed into place by Lyndon B Johnson. This Act Prohibits the discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin. This getting signed into play creates hope for everyone who gets the most discrimination. This was a really important and was a huge milestone after everything African Americans fought for and wanted. This presented a lot of hope for everyone. -
Voting Rights Act
Signed into law by Johnson just like the Civil rights act a year later. This Act prohibited discrimination in local state, and national elections. This gave African Americans the opportunity to register to vote and not be denied the right. After years of people going to try and register and being told they can't, they finally can go vote and not worry about them saying no. This was a big deal and really gave more hope to African Americans that they would be treated equal and fair finally. -
Richard Nixon
Nixon became president in 1969 and while he did a lot of good in his presidency he also was apart of a huge scandal. People working for him broke into the democratic headquarters to wire the whole place and gain inside information so he could win the next election. He was said to not be apart of it at all but when he found out he did everything to hide the information. He was reelected but the news later got out. He was then going on trial to be impeached but resigned to save everyone the time. -
Watergate Scandal
There was a series of mysterious meetings in an underground parking area in Washington D.C. A mysterious person who went by deep throat informed Robert Bob Woodward that there was a break in, in the democratic headquarters. The break in was done by people within the Whitehouse trying to wire tap the building. Nixon said he knew nothing about it, but when he found out he did everything he could to cover it up. He wanted to gain knowledge about the Democratic party so he could win reelection. -
Vietnam War
The U.S. got involved in Vietnam to contain communism. They were guiding and helping south Vietnam while trying to not let the leader of north invade. The U.S. had claimed that North Vietnam had attacked one of our ships and Johnson had to ask congress to proceed with action. Congress gave him the okay to do what he wanted giving him a "blank check". The U.S. killed millions of Vietnamese people and in the end they turned the war to Vietnam and ended up losing. -
The 1980 Election
The election was against Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter. Reagan won in a landside ending half a century of democratic dominance. Not even his own democrats liked Carter so in turn this allowed Reagan to win very easily. Carter only won six states and Reagan gained the others. Carter had a lack of managerial skill which is what brought his votes way down.