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Hobbes advocated for the the use of absolute sovereignty for the type of government. He is also the author of the book Levithian
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Whitfield was an influential Great Awakening leader. He made John Edwards cry and Ben Franklin donate money to the church.
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Laissez faire regulation of the colonists. This occured during the rule of King Geroge I and II.
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This was signed by the male members aboard the Mayflower. The Mayflower Compact was the first self-governing agreement in the New World.
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This is the first learning institution in the colonies.Vote of the Massachusetts Bay Colony allowed this event to take place.
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This was an alliance between the New England colonies. The purpose of the alliance was to protect the colonies from the Native Americans.
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These were designed to restrict foregin trade in the colonies. These acts allowed Britain to maintain their power over the colonies.
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This gave some people parial church membership. This was created due to the fact that the colonists were begginning to lose their focus on religion.
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This war was between New Hampshire colonists and Indians. The Mohawk Indians helped the colonists win the war.
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This protest was against William Berkely, the governor of Virginia. Bacon and his farmers were not successful in their endeavor.
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William Penn established the Pennsylvania colony. This colony had religious freedom and a positive relationship with the Native Americans.
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This was an example of the Purtian religious extremism in the New World. Numerous girls were put to death for being a "witch."
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Peter Zenger, defended by Alexander Hamilton, was tried for printing damaging stories. Because the stories were true, he was found not guilty.
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This plan was proposed by Benjamin Franklin. The plan one of the first steps towards the independence that the colonists so desperately conveted.
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In Europe, this war was known as the Seven Years War. As a result, England reigned supreme as the number one world power.
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A resistance by Native Americans to colonial expansion. This led to Proclamation of 1763.
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This was created after the French and Indian War. Its purpose was to prevent Americans from crossing the Appalachian Mountains.
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This required colonists to house British soldiers, It served as a large influence towards the Third Amendment.
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These consisted of boycotts against British goods. These were highly effective as some acts were actually repealed due to negative effects on the British economy.
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A tax on glass, paper,lead, and tea. The Acts were repealed in 1770, but the tax on tea still stood.
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A scuffle between the colonists and British soldiers in Britain. This was the first controntation between the two groups.
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This ship decided to enforce unpopular British trade restrictions. As a result, colonists burned the ship to the ground.
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A group of men that killed Native Americans. The Paxton Boys criticized the Quaker treatment toward Native Americans.
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The First Continental Congress met to protest the Intolerable Acts. 12 of the 13 colonies were present.
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This document sought to reconcile differences between the colonists and Britain. King George III rejected the document.
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All 13 colonies were present at this meeting in Philadelphia. The Olive Branch Petition was drafted at this time.
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These papers were written by Thomas Paine. They boosted American patriotism due the simplisitic language.
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This was a persuasive pamplet written by Thomas Paine. Its purpose was to promote American Independence.
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Both of these are similar terms. Both desribe people who did not support American independence.
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This document declared independecne from Great Britain. It was written by Thomas Jefferson.
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This battle served as turning point during the American Revolution. The French decided to create an alliance with the French
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This purposely set up a weak federal government after the American Revolution. These were eventually replaced by the Constitutiion.
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This treaty was between the United States and France. This allowed France to assist America during the Revolutionary War.
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This treaty ended the Revolutionary War. John Adams, Ben Franklin, and John Jay were the American negogiators.
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This established a process for managing townships in the territories. It also established a surveying process.
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This was a revolt by farmers in debt. It made many feel the need for a stronger federal government.
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This was one of the acutal accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation. It established a process for obtaining statehood.
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This is a interpretation based on inferring from the Constiution. Heavily used by liberals today.
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This interpretation focuses on what is explicitly said in the Constitution. Heavily used by conservatives today.
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These were designed to appease the Anti-Federalists. They include freedom of the press, speech, and assembly.
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This was invented by Eli Whitney. It increased cotton production significantly.
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These laws were passed by the Federalist Congress. The purpose was to supress critics of the Federalist Party.
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This marked the transfer of power between Federalists and Democratic- Republicans. This occured after Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams.
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This purchased lands west of the Mississippi for $15 million. Lewis and Clarke were sent to explore this newly acquired land.
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This was established during the Marbury vs. Madison Supreme Court Case. The Court could find something unconstiutional.
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This establishedthe concept of judicial review. It allowed the Supreme Court to declare something unconstiutional.
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These two were sent to explore the lands acquired in the Lousiana Purchase. Sacagewa helped on their journey.
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This forbade US trade with foreign countries, It was extremely unpopular with the merchants.
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This treaty ended the War of 1812. It practically made the war a draw.
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This caused Federalists to become unpopular. Numerous amendments to the Constitution were proposed.
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This treaty was negogiated by John Quincy Adams. As a part of the treaty, the US received Florida.
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This allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state. It also allowed Maine to enter as a free state to keep the balance of power in Congress.
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This woman was an important person in the movement for prison reform. She also sought to improve the condition of insane asylums.
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Stated that the Americas were closed to further colonization. It also stated that Europe should not intervene in Western Hemisphere affairs.
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This court case dealt a major hit to states' rights. Congress was determined to have sole possession of the power to regulate interstate commerce.
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This took place during the Election of 1824, John Quincy Adams made Henry Clay his Secretary of State in order to win the election in the House of Representatives.
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This church was founded by Joseph Smith. After Smith died, Brigham Young led the Mormons westward to escape persecution.
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This movement was led by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. The main belief of Transcendentalism is that one can "transcend" the material world through nature.
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This man was the publisher of the Liberator. Garrison was a radical abolitionist who supported Northern secession and burned the US Constitution.
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This Supreme Court case protected Native Americans from the fed. Andrew Jackson ignored the decision.
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This was an abolitionist organization founded by William Lloyd Garrison. Garrison burned the Constitution because he considered it to be a "proslavery document."
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This refers to the belief that America was destined to span from "sea to shining sea." Numerous territorial acquisitions helped make this idea possible.
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This party was based on the principle of nativism. Like Donald Trump, this party feared the immigrants that were moving to the US.
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Confederate offcials were found on a British mail steamer. Lincoln ended the matter by releasing the prisoners.
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This Supreme Court decision focused on the legality of labor unions. Conspiracy law does not apply to unions.
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This meeting was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. This sparked the women's suffrage movement.
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This Compromise allowed California to enter as a free state. The slave trade in DC was also outlawed.
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Extension of debate regarding the provisions of the Compromise of 1850. It set the framework for the future Confederacy.
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This banned alchol, except in medical circumstances. This was a step in the right direction for the Temperance Movement.
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The sponsor of the Maine Laws that banned alcohol. Due to his actions, other states adopted these standards.
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This treaty was between the US and Britian. It resolved burder disputes between the US and Canada.
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This agreement was between the United States and Mexico. The Mexican Cession was a result.
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This contained an almost pre-emptive attack strategy. However, the document eventually leaked.
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Charles Sumner degraded the South during a two day oratory address. In response, Preston Brooks nearly beat Sumner to death with a cane.
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This debate was a part of a battle for the 1858 Illinois Senate seat. Slavery was heavily discussed during the debates.
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This term refers to the time period before the Civil War. "Ante" means before, and "bell" means war.
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This was an unsuccessful attempt by a Kentucky senator to stop the Southern states from leaving the Union. it attempted to resolve differences, but failed.
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This law offered a reward to someone who would farm a piece of land for 5 years. This reward could be ownership of 160 acres of land.
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This pushed for colleges to be established with newly granted land. 69 institutions were able to be established due to this law.
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This freed all slaves in areas still in rebellion against the Union. This document did not free any slaves.
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This amendment was created after the Civil War. It abolished slavery.
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This law was passed via congressional override on President Andrew Johnson. Now, birthright citizenship was established.
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This was the first National Labor Union in American History. It attracted 600,000 new members.
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Seward negotiated a deal between the US and Russia to acquire Alaska. At $7 million, Alaska was only valued at two cents an acre.
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This law was passed via congressional override of President Andrew Johnson. Violation of this law nearly removed Johnson from office.
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This amendment gurantees citizenship to free blacks. This amendment also contains the Due Proccess Clause and the Equal Protection Clause.
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This amendment sought to further improve the lives of African Americans after the Civil War. This allowed black men to vote.
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By this time, Rockefller owned 95% of the oil industry. Standard Oil had a monopoly.
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This concept represents the "survival of the fittest" capitalistic society of the US. Heavily used by the robber barons.
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This phrase was coined by Mark Twain. The motto of this time period was "showy but corrupt."
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During this scandal, employees of the Union Pacific Railroad created a new company, and hired themselves. Bribres assured the government would stay quiet.
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He is known as the "Father of Skycrapers." This allowed even more people to occupy cities.
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He was a presidential candidate during the election of 1908. He was defeated by William Howard Taft. Big silver advocate.
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This was a part of an organized movement of agriculture. It was designed to end the crop lien system.
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This Supreme Court case had to do with government regulation of private property. The Court ruled that if public interest is invlolved, the government can intervene.
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This compromise allowed Republicans to win the controversial election of 1876. In return, federal troops were removed from the South.
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This law attempted to stop the "Yellow Peril." It prohibited Chinese immigration for a period of ten years.
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This act abolished the spoils system and established the merit based system. Applicants now had to take a competitive exam.
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Bombs exploded during a strike, and many people were killed. The Knights of Labor began to lose influence as a result.
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The goal was to speed up the process of Indians becoming integrated into American society. It also set up land surveying procedures.
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This was written by the robber baron Andrew Carnegie. He said that philanthropy was a responsibility of the wealthy.
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The purpose of this act was to destroy monopolies. Meanhile, trusts took refuge of the ambiguity of the 14th Amendment.
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The party chose James B. Weaver as their candidate for president in the 1892 election. The party supported a platform of direct election of senators, graduated income tax, and equal treatment of black citizens.
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This Supreme Court case is a great example of judicial restraint. The 'seperate but equal" doctrine was established.
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Thousands of Chinese Christians were killed during this incident. Non-Christians grew wearly of the US's forgeign influence regarding religion.
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Jacob Riis exposed the terrible conditions of tenament houses. How the Other Half Lives provides documentation of these horrid conditions.
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This allowed the US to have its own "sphere of inclunce" in China. Bascially, it served as a foundation for free trade.
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Areas set up as a part of the Open Door Policy. Essentially, it allowed free trade in China.
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This treaty was a crucial step in the construction of the Panama Canal. It allowed the US to gain control of the land around the proposed building site.
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This served as an extension to the Monroe Doctrine. The Collary allowed "preventive intervention" as justification for being in Latin America\
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Theodore Roosevelt brokered a peace agreement to this war. This effort ultimately earned Teddy a Nobel Peace Prize.
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Sinclair wrote The Jungle. This book exposed the food processing industry.
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Muckrakers included Upton Sinclair and Jacob Riis. They attempted to expose flaws of society to the general public.
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The goal of this endeavor was to intimidate the rest of the world. This was accomplished by sending 16 American battleships around the world.
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This was an agreement between Japan and the US. In return for reducing Japanese immigrant flow, the US had to repeal a racist school board ruling.
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This was an important case regarding women in the workplace. It upheld restrictions on women work hours.
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This was the third party created during the election of 1912. Teddy Roosevelt was nominated by this party.
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WIlson won the election of 1912. This occured due to a split in the Republican party between Roosevelt and Taft.
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Eugene V. Debs founded the Socialist Party. Debs represented the party in multiple presidential elections.
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This amendment allowed for the federal collection of income taxes. Previously, these taxes were considered unconstitutional.
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This amendment allowed for the direct election of senators. This was very much a populist idea.
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This system was created by Woodrow Wilson. This system is the central banking organization for the United States.
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The canal was completed during the span of 1904-1914. The project cost about $400 million.
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This was one of the accomplishments of Woodrow Wilson. It attempted to stop unlawful business practices.
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Germany sunk a British passenger ship with Americans on board. Ultimately, this led the US to enter the war.
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This was a secret message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico against the US. It helped propel the US into the war.
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This was a rebirth of African American culture in Harlem, New York. This included music, literature, and dance.
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He was one of influential figures of the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes was a renowned poet of the time period, and he still is today.
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This was Woodrow Wilson's plan following World War I. The most important point was the League of Nations.
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This amendment begins Prohibition. It prohibited everything associated with alcohol, except its consumption.
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This court case established the "clear and present danger" doctrine. Free speech could be limited during times of war.
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This treaty proved to be the reconcilation to World War I. Blame was placed on Germany, which led to WWII.
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This was Wilson's most prized of the Fourteen Points. Ultimately, the League of Nations failed due to the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles by the Senate.
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Lodge served on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He led the charge against the Treaty of Versailles.
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This amendment gave women the right to vote. It would have not been possible without the work of Mott, Stanton, and Anthony.
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This group was started in response to the recent success of blacks and immigrants. The organization almost had 5 million members in the 1920s.
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This group consisted of a group of writers. These writers felt discontent with American society after WWI.
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Harding was elected president with his promise of a " return to normalcy." He served as president until 1923, when he died.
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" A return to normalcy" was the rallying cry that ushered Warren G. Harding into the White House. Harding became the Republican nominee through a contested convention.
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This was one of the numerous scandals that plagued the Harding administration. It had to do with bribes from oil companies.
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He took office after Harding's death in 1923. He was known as "Silent Cal" due to his quiet nature.
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This trial was over the Scopes's teaching of evolution in schools. Due to a technicality, Scopes was able to keep his job.
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He was an American aviator. He is most renowned for the first solo flight across the Atlantic.
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This was the ship belonging to Charles Lindbergh. It made the first solo trans-Atlantic flight.
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He is the author of A Farewell to Arms. He also belonged to the group of Lost Generation writers.
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He is the creator of the Hoover vacuum, which created millions of jobs. Also, HE BUILT THE HOOVER DAM. Known by few as the greatest, known by many as the worst.
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These were created due the onset of the Great Depression. These shanty towns mocked Hoover's inability to handle the crisis.
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He was known to Republicans of the time as a socialist and a dictator. He was elected to four terms, prompting the ratification of the 22nd amendment.
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This was FDR's plan to get the nation out of the Great Depression. This included spending money to jumpstart the economy by starting civilian work projects and agencies.
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This amendment is known as the lame duck amendment. It shortened the period between election and inauguration for president and Congress.
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This amendment repealed the 18th Amendment. Prohibition was now over.
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This establishes a retirement pension system for senior citizens. Or as I like to say, it gives old people money before they die.
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FDR attempted this in order to advance his New Deal agenda. By appointing new justices, the conservative majority could be dethroned.
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This book was written by John Steinbeck. It depicted the struggles of the Joad family to survive during the Great Depression.
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This allowed the US to lend arms to their European allies during WWII. It allowed the US to remain "neutral."
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Kennedy was the youngest president ever elected and the first Catholic president. He was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in 1963.
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This was a US attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro. It failed miserably as the rebels were forced to surrender.
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This occured when the USSR placed nuclear weapons in Cuba. This was the closest the world ever came to WWIII.
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This court case revolved around the right to counsel. The SCOUTS ruled that a lawyer will be provided even if one cannot afford a lawyer.
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Oswald is the alleged assassin of JFK. Much controversey and conspiracy surrounds the idea whether another shooter was involved.
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This commission was established after the assassination of JFK. It was named after Chief Justice Earl Warren.
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LBJ was JFK's vice president. He became president after the assassination of JFK.
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This piece of legislation prohibited discrimination in public places. This marked a shift from the Southern Democrats to the Southern Republican.
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LBJ ran against Barry Goldwater in the election of 1964. Goldwater lost in a historic landslide.
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This gave Lyndon B. Johnson power to do whatever he felt necessary to keep peace in Asia. It resulted in the Vietnam War.
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This was LBJ's domestic plan. It sought to provide aid to education, the elderly and poor, and civil rights.
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This abolished literacy tests in elections. As a result, many minorities had more opportunities to vote.
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He wrote the book Unsafe at Any Speed. It told of the dangers of a lack of seatbelts in cars.
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This Supreme Court case required law enforcment to inform criminals of their right to remain silent. This protected defendants from unfair interrogation techniques.
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Carmichael was the founder of the Black Panthers. This group used violence to promote black power.
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He was an active part of the civil rights movement. He was assassinated by James Earl Ray in 1968.
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This occured when the Ohio National Guard killed 4 protestors. They were protesting the Vietnam War.
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Their motto is "stop killing my vibe, man." Led by John Elledge, this group focused on peace and love of nature.
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This court case allowed a woman to have an abortion. An implied right to privacy was found to exist in the Bill of Rights.
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This limited the power of the president to act as commander in chief. It was mainly a response to the Vietnam War.
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After the resignation of Richard Nixon, Ford became the only un-elected president in US history. Ford previosly served as House Minority Leader.
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This word best summarizes Jimmy Carter's tenure as president. It represents high inflation, high unemployment, and stagnant production.
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Jimmy Carter's status as an "outsider" allowed him to win the election of 1976. However, his timid nature and outsider status rendered him as an ineffective president.
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Ronald Reagan destroyed Jimmy Carter in the election of 1800. He is widely ackonwledged as the greatest president since WWII.
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This was Ronald Reagan's outstanding economic policy . It consisted of reduction of welfare programs, reducing the size of the federal government, and lower taxes.