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United under one Government in a legislative union under the Crown of Great Britain and Ireland -
Their goal was to unite Africans and to help them get the right to vote -
The ANC Youth Leagye writes and publishes the manifesto -
The National Party won by propagating the apartheid law. -
Reunited National Party joined, nstituted Apartheid Laws became such a powerful party that they dominated South African politics until the 1990s -
Prohibited marriages between "whites" and "non-whites" -
The ANC Youth League Programme of Action was implemented by the ANC. Nelson Mandela and other young nationalists created the ANC Youth League. It emphasized the rights of African people to self-determination and laid out plans for strikes, boycotts, and civil disobedience. -
Whites were privileged while other races were discriminated against based on their skin color. -
designed to arrest this tendency and to suppress the ideas that would lead to the achievement of political power by the Africans. -
title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid. -
this "was presented by the state as a device for land betterment but its practical significance was the forced removal or slaughter of cattle belonging to african [sic!] reservists." However, they make no explicit mention as to a date for this act. -
The ANC, SACP, ACPO co-ordinate a May Day strike.
The police opened fire on the protesters killing 18_ and wounding 30 people -
Divided territories designated for blacks into “bantustans” (or “homelands”) based upon 10 tribal groupings. -
Introduced in South Africa to enforce racial segregation, -
Required black South Africans over the age of 16 to carry a pass book -
The largest scale non-violent resistance ever seen in South Africa. More than 8,000 people across towns in South Africa went to jail for defying apartheid laws. -
The Defiance Campaign was launched on 26 June 1952, the date that became the yearly National Day of Protest and Mourning. The South African police were alerted about the action and were armed and prepared. In major South African cities, people and organizations performed acts of defiance and civil disobedience. -
was a South African segregation law that legislated for several aspects of the apartheid system. Its major provision enforced racially-separate educational facilities. -
permitted the removal of blacks from any area within and next to the magisterial district of Johannesburg by the South African government. -
The Act legalized the racial segregation of public premises, vehicles and services. Only public roads and streets were excluded from the Act. -
Empowered government to declare a state of emergency causing an increase of penalties and fines . -
United people of all racial origins in a common struggle to end apartheid and to establish a non-racial democratic state. -
The Congress of the People was held over two days in a field in kiptown ust outside Johannesburg.
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The marchers' aims were to protest the introduction of the Apartheid pass laws for black women in 1952 and the presentation of a petition to the then Prime Minister. -
On 21 March 1960 the PAC launched a peaceful anti pass campaign across the country. Members were called upon to leave their passes at home, gather at police stations and present themselves for arrest. -
There were 249 casualties in total, including 29 children. Many were shot in the back as they fled -
A film that mentioned the Soviet Union and was made into a song. -
condemning South Africa's racist apartheid policies and calling on all its members to end economic and military relations with the country -
16 leaders of the African National Congress had been arrested and were in trial and Mandela made a speech to the public stating that he was “prepared to die”. -
The African Resistance Movement (ARM) was a group made up largely by white students who had been part of the National Union of South African Students (NUSAS). -
On 24 July 1964, Frederick John Harris, a member of ARM, planted a time bomb in the Johannesburg station. One person was killed and 22 were injured. Both ARM and the ANC condemned his action. -
Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd is stabbed to death by a messenger during a parliamentary meeting in Cape Town. -
The United Nations General Assembly on 1974 suspended South Africa from participating in its work, due to international opposition to the policy of apartheid. South Africa was re-admi -
President F. W. de Klerk today lifted a 30-year ban on the African National Congress, the movement that has been fighting to bring down white minority rule in South Africa, and promised that Nelson Mandela, who has been imprisoned for nearly 28 years, would be freed soon.
