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Dutch Arrived
On April 6, 1652, Jan van Riebeeck arrived on behalf of the Dutch East India Company to establish the first permanent European settlement at the Cape of Good Hope. -
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Afrikaners Encoutered Bantu-speaking Peoples
As the small but growing Afrikaner population spread steadily northward and eastward, they encoutered more and more Bantu-speaking peoples. Sometimes friendly and sometimes violent -
British South Africa
In 1806, the British took over the Dutch East India Company, which had become bankrupt, and assumed control of the Cape Colony in South Africa -
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Mfecane
Weaker groups were driven off or killed entirely. Groups expanded and consolidated rapidly, and several powerful African military leaders emerged during the time period. -
Boer Settlers Beat Xhosa
In 1811, Boer settlers reached eastern South Africa, with the assistance of British troops. They burned Xhosa homesteads and grazing lands. -
More Outsiders Arrived
In 1820 the first large group of English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish sttlers arrived. -
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Great Trek
From about 1836 to 1850 thousands of Afrikaners migrated north out of what was now the British Cape Colony -
Battle of Blood River
One battle betwwen the Zulu and Afrikaners later came to symbolize the Afrikaner movement. they used this to claim that God favored them. -
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Asians Arrived
From 1860 through 1866, six thousand Indians arrived in Natal as indentured servants, marking the beginning of what became a permanent and highly influence Indian community in South Africa -
Discovery of Gold
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Discovery of Diamonds
Afrikaner prespectors discovered the first of several huge diamond deposits. Marked the beginning of economic changes -
Gandhi
Gandhi came to South Africa in 1893 to accept a position in an Idian law firm.
formed SAIC -
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South African War
a war between British and Afrikaners because Britain demanded political reform in the Afrikaner republic of Transvaal to weaken the economic control of Afrikaners -
Union of South Africa
In 1910 the British colonies and Afrikaner Republics joined together as the Union of South Africa -
African National Congress
In 1912 several hundred conservative African men formed the African National Congress to organize Africans and oppose discrimination through petitions and appeals to Great Britain -
Natives' Land Act
the first piece of major legislation creating seperate areas for Europeans and Africans -
Protest organized by ANC
ANC organized a major nonviolent demonstration against the passbooks that blacks had to carry with them at alltimes -
Limited Rights
the government repealed the limited voting rights some Africans had, adn installed three white representatives to speak for all blacks. -
ANC Youth League
in 1944 young radicals within the African National Congress founded the Congress Youth League -
the Victory of the National Party
brought conservative Afrikaners to political power -
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act
interacial marriage is prohibited -
Population Registration Act
created racial claasifuation -
Group Areas Act
divide the country into three zones -
Suppression of Communism Act
banned any resistance to apartheid policies -
Defiance Campaign
The ANC and SAIC, along with the Franchise Action Council lauched Defiance Campaign to call for an end to apartheid -
Ntives Abolition of Passes and Coordination of Document Act
increased the amount of information required on passbooks -
Criminal Law Amendment Act
instituted high fines and up to three years in prison or flogging for violation of any law in protest aganist government -
Public Safety Act
provided the framework for the government to declare states of emergency -
Congress Alliance
in 1954 the ANC took the lead in forming Congress Alliance to take the campaign aganist apartheid a step further -
Congress of the People
the Congress of the People adopts the Freedom Charter -
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Treason Trial
In 1956, police arrested 156 people on charges of high treason. Treason Trial included poeple of all races -
Alexandra bus boycott
The Alexandra bus boycott demonstreated the power of the people united together against the system -
PAC
Pan Africanist Congress established -
Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act
In an attempt tp slow the building oppositon.
this established eight black homelands, one for each of these trial groups -
Sharpeville massacre
police opened fire to protesters -
Stay-at-home Campaign
On March 28th, Chief Albert Luthuli, the president of the ANC, called for a day of mourning and the start of stay-at-home campaign. bring business and industry virtually to a standstill -
stay-at -home campaign
the government mounted a huge military mobilization to try to intimidate African workers from joining the campaign -
Armed wings
In 1961, ANC and PAC establish armed wings (MK and Poqo) -
Nobel Peace Prize
In December 1961 the president of the ANC, Chief Albert Luthuli accepted the Nobel Peace Prize for his nonviolent struggle against apartheid -
Sabotage Act
gave the government power to arrest anyone it believed threatened the security of the country. -
90-Day Act
allowed the government to detain people without charges or trials for up to ninety days -
UN security Council
UN security Council urged the South African government to grant amnesty to the defendants, and considered the use of sanctions against South Africa to push the country to dismantle the apartheid system -
Rivonia Trial
Nine leaders of the ANC were tried in the Rivonia Trial -
Soweto uprising
Soweto students staged a massive demonstration against Afrikaans instruction -
Steve Biko
The leader of the Black Conciousness Movement was killed in prison -
State of Emergency
the government declared a State of Emergency in 1985 as violence increased -
F.W. de Klerk
F.W. de Klerk became a new African president -
Nelson Mandela
de Klerk released nelson Mandela from prison -
Nobel Peace Prize
In 1993 the Nobel Peace Prize was jointly awarded to Mandela and de Klerk for their parts in ending apartheid -
New voting rights
New voting rights allowed blacks, coloured, Asians, and whites to cast ballots together for the first time -
New president
Nelson Mandela was elected president -
TRC
Truth and Reconciliation Commission began to hear cases -
Thabo Mbeki
In 2003, then-President Thabo Mbeki announced that over nineteen thousand families who had testified before the TRC would receive reparations payments
