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Period: Dec 14, 1500 to
Salutary Neglect and Mercantilism
Salutary Neglect- a period of time from the 17th-18th century when Britain didn't enforce any parliamentary laws that were meant to keep the American colonies loyal to Britain
Mercantilism- economic theory, export more and import less and should accumulate gold to make up the difference, that dominated Europe from 16th to 18th century
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Deism
A belief in the existence of a supreme being. this term is used in the intellectual movements of the 17th and 18th centuries that accepted the existence of a creator on the basis of reason but rejected belief in a supernatural deity who interacts with humans.
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Jamestown
Reason for establishment: the colony was sponsored by the Virginia Company who hoped to profit from the venture and were also seeking a Northwest passage
Tabacco: John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a cash crop and helped stimulate the growth of the Virginia economy
Headlight system: created in 1618, a way to attract new settlers to the area and to address the labor shortage
This colony, now a city in Virginia, is still around today
link: http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown -
Pilgrims and the Mayflower Compact
The Pilgrims, unlike the Puritans, were relatively tolerant of other religions and beliefs, they left England because they were being persecuted for their beliefs and they didn't want to do that to anyone else.
The Mayflower Compact was the first written framework of government and helped establish the government of the United States -
Puritans and Massachusetts Bay Colony "City on a Hill"
Massachusetts Bay-John Winthrop wanted to create this colony as a model for other colonies to follow, this was a Puritan colony.
The Puritans were known for their work ethic that emphasized hard work and discipline, and were not tolerant of any other religions.
The Puritans created Halfway-Covenants for people who wanted to join the community who weren't completely religious. This helped boost the churches position in the community when the first generation of settlers began to die out. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Governor Berkley tried to establish peace with the Indian tribes, as the white population began to grow, they began to spill over into Indian territory. Many Virginians, including former indentured servants, thought Governor Berkley was on the wrong side of this and should be helping the white population gain more land. Nathaniel Bacon raised a small army and marched onto Jamestown in rebellion of Governor Berkley after Berkley failed to extract a promise of action against the Indian tribes. -
Great Awakening and Deism
What&When-The Great Awakening is an evangelical movement, in the 1730's, that swept through Europe and the American colonies putting the fear of God into people, leading to a widespread religious movement.
Effects-This also led to preachers creating their own schools and churches throughout the colonies and there was more religious toleration.
Deism-belief in the existence of a supreme being, used in intellectual movements in 17th and 18th century
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French and Indian War effects
The cost of this war increased Britain's debts which led to Britain taxing the colonies more heavily than before, therefore ending salutary neglect.
Proclamation Line of 1763- forbid colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains, but the as the population grew, colonists still moved west of the Appalachian causing war with the neighboring Indian tribes.
Stamp Act 1765- a tax on all paper documents in the colonies
Townshend Act 1767- imposed taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea -
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Revolutionary War
The colonists were struggling in the war and had many wins and losses, but had a heroic victory at the Battle of Saratoga. This is considered the turning point of the revolution because the French decided to join in and fight on behalf of the colonists. Because of the French's population and superior naval power, the colonists came out victorious against the British.
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Declaration of Independence
Content-The colonists did not believe they should be taxed so heavily if they didn't have any representation in Parliament, the end of salutary neglect shocked the colonists who had been governing themselves for such a long time, and when King George rejected the Olive Branch Petition that was the final straw. This document stated all the reasons the colonists should be free from Britain
Purpose- To state formally why the colonies had chosen to separate themselves from Great Britain -
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Articles of Confederation
An agreement of the 13 original states that served as the first constitution.
The government under the Articles of Confederation was very weak and lacked the ability to levy taxes and therefore couldn't raise an army, regulate commerce and these issues led to the Constitutional Convention.
Shay's Rebellion really showed the weakness of the articles of confederation and politicians realized that they needed a stronger central government.
(http://www.history.com/topics/articles-of-confederation) -
Founding Fathers Attitude towards political parties
George Washington warned against political parties because he believed that it would spilt apart the nation and most of the other founding fathers agreed with him -
British Violations of the Treaty of Paris
In the Northwest Territory, in the Great Lakes region, the British did not give up control in Detroit. British then regained control of this region saying that the colonists failed to live up to their bargain to compensate the Loyalists for confiscated property. -
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Land Ordinance of 1785, Land Ordinance of 1787
1785- how the US government would measure, divide, and distribute the land it had acquired from Great Britain, north and west of the Ohio River, at the end of the revolution
1787- established governance for the Northwest Territories of Canada
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Bill of Rights
Purpose- to define the civil liberties of American citizens, to guarantee the protection of the basic rights citizens continue to enjoy, the anti-federalists campaigned for it -
Hamilton Economic Policy
believed the national government should pay off the states debts, to fund this he suggested new securities bonds, investors who purchased these could gain lots of money. He proposed the Bank of the US so the US would have a stable currency. He wanted to make America self-sufficient and not have to rely on imports as much, and he wanted industrialization. Jefferson, an anti-federalist, opposed Hamilton's ideas of manufacturing and the national bank causing more of a split in political parties. -
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Constitution
The Constitution strengthened the government by introducing taxes which allowed the government to raise an army and distributed the power equally among 3 sections.
The Federalists, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, were in support of the constitution whereas the anti-federalists, Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry, did not support the constitution. They thought it needed a Bill of Rights.
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Washington's Neutrality Policy
When Washington declared neutral in the conflict between Britain and France in order to avoid another war. This included legal proceedings for any American providing assistance to either country at war -
Washington's Farewell Address
He warned Americans to stay away from political parties and geographical distinctions. He warned against long-term alliances with other nations. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
These laws made it difficult for immigrants to vote and gave the government new powers to deport foreigners. The sedition acts made it illegal to speak out against the government.
Kentucky resolutions argued that each individual state had the power to declare federal laws unconstitutional and states are allowed to nullify them.
Virginia resolutions- stated that the states have a right to interpose to prevent harm caused by unconstitutional laws -
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Laissez-faire Economics
Laissez-faire economics popularity was always up and down in US history, but its popularity ended with the Great Depression because the citizens needed the governments intervention.
Laissez-faire is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h844.html -
Emerson, Cooper, and other Writers
Transcendentalism was a large movement during this time period. Many writers were inspired to write a protest to the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time. A core belief was the inherent goodness of people and nature. Ralph Waldo Emerson was one of the leaders of this movement. -
Significance of the Election of 1800
This is the first peaceful transfer of political powers in United States history, Jefferson vs Adams election. -
Cult of Domesticity
The opinion about women in the 1800s. People believed women should stay home and not work outside the home. Women should be more religious than men, pure in heart, mind, and body, submissive to their husbands, and should stay at home -
Lowell System
A labor, production model used in the United States, especially in the New England textile factory system. This system used domestic labor, mill girls, who came into town to earn more money that they were able to at home. They had a strict curfew and a moral code. -
Marbury v Madison
Marbury was appointed justice of peace for the District of Coloumbia in the final hours of the Adams administration. Madison, Jefferson's secretary of state, refused to deliver Marbury's commission. Marbury petitioned for a compelling delivery of the commissions. John Marshall denied the petition. This increased the Supreme Court's power, -
Lousiana Purchase
Jefferson purchased 828,000,000 miles of territory from France, for only 15 million, which doubled the size of the US at the time. Jefferson, did not know if he was allowed to purchase the land because he was a strict interpreter of the constitution but he realized it was too big of an opportunity to pass up. -
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William Lloyd Garrison
He was an abolitionist, and he published the Liberator, which was an anti-slavery magazine. The Liberator also fought for women's rights.
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Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts
The cotton gin increased the productivity of cotton and therefore increased the need for slave labor even though there were an increased number of abolitionists during this period
Interchangeable parts standardized identical parts that made for faster assembly and easier repair of various devices. He is a pioneer of American manufacturing. -
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War of 1812
Americans were outraged by the British impressment of American sailors during the Napoleonic Wars. Americans realized they had to do something after the Chesapeake incident of 1807.
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Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny- the god given right to expand the country as much as possible.
Whigs did not approve of manifest destiny, they opposed the annexation of Texas, the war with Mexico, and the poor treatment of the natives. They also did not want new territory to be open to slavery.
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Hartford Convention
A group of Federalists who got together to discuss their disapproval of the war and were resentful of Madison's mercantile policies. They sought to dictate amendments to the constitution that would protect their interests. Their constitutional amendments were outshined by Andrew Jackson's win at the Battle of New Orleans and the federalist party soon died out after this. -
Frederick Douglass compared to Du Bois
Both men lived during the 19th century but had two very different lives and therefore very different political ideologies. Both men wanted integration to happen sooner or later
Du Bois- blacks needed to be active parts of society, wanted the blacks to unite because of racisim but should not mix into white society yet
Douglass- wanted everyone to integrate into society, everyone is equal and should be treated as such
https://www.nps.gov/pohe/planyourvisit/voices_of_freedom.htm -
Compromise of 1820/Missouri Compromise
Missouri was allowed to come into the US as a slave state and Maine came in a free state so it wouldn't upset the balance of slave/non slave states in Congress. This was the creation of the 36-30 line that said any state below the line could be a slave state and anything above would be free. This created a real physical line that separated the north from the south, which is the beginning of sectionalism. -
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The Growth of Cities
machine politics-(Boss Tweed)Gave money to support businesses, immigrants, and the poor in return for votes, very corrupt
sanitation-Everyone was moving to cities for job opportunities but there was no clean drinking water and poor sanitation problems led to heavy urban mortality rates and many epidemics.
stratification- There were distinct social classes where the rich were extremely rich and the poor lived in poverty
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3514 -
Monroe Doctrine
The US was concerned about Europe colonization on the Americas. The Monroe Doctrine is a message delivered by James Monroe that warns European nations to stop future colonization in the Americas or else the British navy will get involved. The extension of the Doctrine came with Teddy Roosevelt stating European countries couldn't use force on Latin American countries to collect debt. -
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Tariff of Abominations/Nullification Crisis
This was a tariff passed that would protect the north's manufacturing, but hurt the south's imports because they had to pay higher taxes. South Carolina declared the Tariff of Abominations unconstitutional which therefore made the tariff null and void in SC. Andrew Jackson passed a force bill that would force South Carolina into following the federal governments rules but then the Compromise Tariff of 1833 was passed and that satisfied South Carolina.
http://www.ushistory.org/us/24c.asp -
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Andrew Jackson Presidency
Indian Removal Act- relocated natives to Oklahoma, many did not go peacefully, trail of tears
Suffrage-90% of white men were able to vote, he lifted the property requirement so a boarder variety of people could vote
Bank of US- Jackson did not believe in finical institutions so he vetoed the charter for the national bank and put all of the national money into pet banks. This caused an economic depression in the 1830s
http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson -
American System/Clay-Whig policies
A tariff to protect and promote American industry, a national bank to foster commerce, and federal subsides for roads, canals, and other internal improvements. The building of canals was an instant financial success and increased trade between the south and the west. -
Transcendentalism
Increased the education and thinking of the time period. This inspired many artists, poets, and writers, including Emerson and Thoreau. They wanted to create a form of art, particularly literature, that was strictly American, they had gained independence from Europe and they now wanted literary independence from European nations as well. -
Irish Immigration
The potato famine in Ireland caused many Irish immigrants to move to the US.
The Know-Nothing Party was against immigration because the immigrants were taking the factory jobs for less pay and increasing competition in the north for jobs. They passed a lot of legislation preventing immigration. -
Mexico
1844 Election- James K. Polk v Henry Clay. Polk was in favor of the annexation of Texas and Clay opposed. Polk won this election.
The Whigs did not believe Americans should be in a war with Mexico, and that they had no right to interfere with the institutions of other countries -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Peace treaty between the US and Mexico, US paid $15 million to Mexico for the ownership of California, most of New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. This also established the Rio Grande as the US border. -
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Seneca Falls Convention
The first women's rights convention led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.
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Compromise of 1850
California was admitted as a free state, there were no federal restrictions on slavery in Utah or New Mexico, Congress gave Texas 10 million for New Mexico, slavery was prohibited in the nations capital, and a stricter fugitive slave law was passed. -
Popular Sovereignty
The principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people. The people in the state could vote on whether or not they would like to be free or slave. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
It allowed the people in Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not they wanted slavery within their borders, popular sovereignty. This act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which therefore overruled the 36-30 line. -
Dred Scott Case
The ruling was that a slave was property, no matter where located in the US, and therefore was unable to testify in court. This made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and this angered the North and the abolitionists in the North, causing a further divide in the nation. -
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John Brown
Harpers Ferry- John Brown, an abolitionist, led a group of his supporters into town capturing prominent citizens and seized the federal army and arsenal. He wanted to get weapons and give it to the slaves so they could use it as self defense and go free. Brown was unsuccessful and was captured by Robert E. Lee, and was sentenced to death.
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Lincoln/Republican policy on slavery in 1860
Republicans did not want slavery to be spread into any other territories. The Republicans promised to support tariffs that protected northern industry, a Homestead Act granting free farmland in the west to settlers, and the funding of the transcontinental railroad. Lincoln was an abolitionist but his first concern was keeping the nation together before abolishing slavery. -
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Civil War Part 1
The Civil War was caused by the differences between the North and the South. The South believed in slavery and that the states should have more power than the national government whereas the north believed the opposite
North strengths- large navy, railroads, larger population, industry to produce necessities
N weaknesses- few trained soldiers, unknown territories, long distance to transport troops
S strengths- knew territory, believed in the cause, trained soldiers
S weakness- Norths strengths -
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Civil War Part 2
Britain had sympathy for the Confederates but were not willing to risk a war with the Union to help them. France was even more sympathetic to the Confederacy but were threatened by Prussia and wouldn't make a move without full British cooperation. Russia supported the Union.
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Emancipation Proclamation
The legal contract that changed the federal legal status of slaves to free people. The immediate effect was very slow and racism still existed at large in both the North and the South. -
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Republican Reconstruction Motivations
1.Revenge- a desire among some to punish the South for causing the war
2. Concern for the freedmen-some belief that the federal government had a role to play in the transition of freedmen from slavery to freedom
3.political concerns- the Radicals wanted to keep the Republican Party in power in both the north and the South
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Post Civil War southern society
sharecropping- land owner allows a tenant to use the land for a portion of the crops being produced, it was a cycle of debt and depression
black codes- laws passed by southern states in 1865, these laws had the intent and the effect of restricting the freedmen's freedoms and compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt (sharecropping)
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/reconstruction -
Transcontinental Railroad Establishment
Gov't subsides-Congress passed the Pacific Railway Acts which promoted the construction of the transcontinental railroad by authorizing the issuance of government bonds to help construct the railway
Land Grants- Pacific Railway Act of 1862 gave huge land grants and designated the 32nd parallel as the route for the railway
Effect on history- It was a faster, cheaper way to move goods over long distances, people started commuting to work, cities were less crowded, N.A. were moved from their homes -
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Titans of Industry
Carnegie, Vanderbilt, Rockefeller, were the Titans of Industry.
Business combinations- A way for businesses to grow in size, rather than growing through internal activities
Integration:
Horizontal was a technique used by Rockefeller, the act of joining with ones competitors to create a monopoly
vertical was created by Carnegie, combining into one organization all phases of manufacturing, it improves efficiency
http://www.popmatters.com/review/169531-the-men-who-built-america/ -
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Business Cycles
Pronounced periodic swings in output, employment, and prices of the business cycles. Known as "boom-and-bust" cycles. The most notable of these would be the depressions following the panics of 1873, 1884, and 1893.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w14686 -
Election of 1876
The two major candidates running were Rutherford B. Hayes, republican, and Samuel J. Tilden, democrat. Tilden won the popular vote but, Hayes eventually won the presidency because of his win in the electoral college. Many historians believe there was a compromise between the republicans and the democrats known as the Compromise of 1877. Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the south if the democrats allowed Hayes to win the election. -
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Social Darwinism
This theory was popular from the late 19th century and then lost its popularity during World War 1
Social Darwinists advocated laissez-faire political and economic systems, also advocated natural selection with results of "survival of the fittest." Reform Darwinists wanted a stronger role for the government and new social policies. Darwinism lost popularity after WW1, many political observers blamed it for contributing to the rise of the Nazi's.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-Darwinism -
Southern and Eastern European Immigrants
Immigrants from northern and western Europe were coming over for centuries but a new wave of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe began migrating over in the 1880s. The citizens did not like these new immigrants because they refused to learn the language and the culture. This caused the citizens to support the Immigration Act of 1924, which halted immigration from southern and eastern Europe. -
Dawes Act
-This authorized the federal government to break up tribal lands by portioning them into individual plots. Only the native americans who accepted the individual plots would be allowed to become U.S. citizens
- The objective was assimilation of natives
-Over 90 million acres of land were stripped from natives and were sold to settlers -
Gospel of Wealth
An article written by Andrew Carnegie that states the responsibilities of the newly rich. He says that the wealthy should redistribute their surplus means in a thoughtful manner. He argues against the wasteful use of money in the forms of extravagance, irresponsible spending, or self-indulgent behavior. -
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Populism
policies- Highly critical of capitalism and allied itself with the labor movement, supported by southern farmers, called for reform in national politics.
failures- The party didn't achieve its goal of collective economic action against brokers, railroads, and merchants.
southern racism- they demonstrated a dedication to white supremacy, and didn't want blacks involved.
farmers discontent- They created this party to counter the high inflation in agricultural prices and to oppose the gold standard -
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The Progressive Era
Reforms- civil rights, conservation, government, heath &medicine, labor, radical trade unionism, socialism, temperance, trust busting, women's rights
Muckrakers- investigative journalists who wanted to make the public aware of problems in society that needed fixing
city government- checks and balances to check the power of the mayor and the city council
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/politics-reform/resources/reform-movements-progressive-era -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Was based on the constitutional power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. Helped dissolve trusts and prohibits certain business activities that the federal government regulators deem to be anti-competitive.
Labor unions: This stated that union strikes and boycotts were covered by the law. -
Frederick Jackson Turner Thesis
American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and helped solve social problems -
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Spanish American War
Between the US and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in the US gaining territories in western Pacific and Latin America. Began with the explosion of the USS Maine.
yellow journalism- exaggeration and distorting of news to attract readers
Phillipines-The US gained temporary control of the Philippines with the Treaty of Paris, gaining this territory would eventually lead to the Philippine-American War
www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/spanish-american-war.htm -
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Open door policy
Secretary of State, John Hay proposed a free, open market and equal trading for merchants of all nationalities operating in China. Stated that the Open Door would prevent disputes between the powers operating in China and would benefit American traders and the US economy.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/hay-and-china -
Ford/Model T/assembly line
Henry Ford's Model T was the first product to be produced in large quantities. He reduced the time it took to build a car from more than 12 hours to 2 hours and 30 min. The assembly line would be later used during wartime to quickly produce wartime materials.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fords-assembly-line-starts-rolling -
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World War 1 draft and difference from World War 2 draft
WW1- Selective Draft Act- authorized the gov't to raise an army through the compulsory enlistment of people during wartime
WW2- Selective Training and Service Act of 1940-this was the first peacetime draft in America's history
https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/United_States_World_War_I_Draft_Records -
Post WW1 attitude of Americans
Americans wanted to avoid future wars so they opposed membership in the League of Nations, leaned towards isolationism, a mistrust of foreigners who may be communists, immigrants were seen as a threat to American values. Nativism- led to support for immigration limitations and racism was at a high.
http://classroom.synonym.com/postwar-american-attitudes-1920s-10725.htm -
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1920s Literature
Lost generation: A group of writers who came of age during WW1 and established their literary reputations throughout the 1920s who were "disillusioned" with the world and unwilling to move into settled lives. Term was coined by Gertrude Stein to Ernest Hemingway
Sinclair lewis: He was the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature for his satirical and critical, yet sympathetic views of middle-class American lives in the 1920s.
www.hrc.utexas.edu/educator/modules/teachingthetwenties/ -
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League of Nations
terms-to help enforce the treaty of versailles, foster international cooperation, provide security for its members, and ensure lasting peace.
reason senate defeated- Henry Cabot Lodge opposed the league of nations, many of the members were still isolationists and were unwilling to entangle the US in international affairs, so the US was not a part of the League that they created
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/league -
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Mellon Economic policies
He was the 49th Secretary of the treasury during Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover's terms
His economic policy had four main points:
1. Cut the top income tax rate from 77 to 24 percent
2. Cut taxes on low incomes from 4 to 1/2 percent
3. Reduce federal estate tax
4. Efficiency in government by lowering tax rates and by cutting the size of paper bills
https://www.treasury.gov/about/history/Pages/awmellon.aspx -
Naval Building Limitation
The Washington Naval treaty, among the nations that won WW1, agreed to prevent an arms race by limiting naval construction including: battleships, battlecruisers, cruisers, destroyers, submarines and aircraft carriers. -
Scopes Trial and cultural conflict
A high school teacher was arrested for teaching the theory of evolution to his high school biology class, which was illegal in state-funded schools. He was found guilty but his conviction was overturned because of a technicality. This trial was the turning point of the struggle between fundamentalist values and scientifically inclined urban people.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1438.html -
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
This pact is still around today!
It is an international agreement that promises not to use war to resolve disputes and parties who don't abide by the promise will be denied of the benefits of the treaty.
It had little effect in stopping World War 2
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/kellogg -
Hoover attitude toward welfare and handouts
Hoover advocated "rugged individualism," the idea that every man should fend for themselves. He strongly believed that government handouts to the poor and unemployed did damage to self-esteem of the people. He believed that government assistance to the poor should be temporary and should be provided by local governments, not the federal government. -
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Great Depression
This was the worst economic downturn in history thus far. It began after the stock market crashed in October of 1929 and wiped out Wall Street and threw everyone into a panic.
It was caused by the extravagant spending of the 1920s, the reckless speculation where everyone bought and put their savings into stocks because they wanted to "get rich quick." The inflation continued to rise and then it just dropped.
http://www.history.com/topics/great-depression -
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1930s Isolationism
European debt issue-After WW1 the US gave cash to European allies so the US would eventually get repaid the debt they were owed but this put the US in debt while they were waiting to be repaid
Causes-The US did not want to be involved in foreign affairs and they wanted to avoid military and political conflict.
consequences-Hawley-Smoot Tariff was created to help the US gain money but made countries unwilling to trade, got involved in WW2
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Smoot-Hawley-Tariff-Act -
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Labor Unions Pt 2
Taft Hartley Act-restricted the activities and power of labor unions
immigrants-American citizens did not want immigrants to be a part of the labor unions because they refused to compete for jobs with them
Sherman Anti-Trust Act- allowed certain business activities that the federal government deemed competitive
https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/employment-law/pages/shermananti-trustactof1890.aspx -
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Labor Unions Pt 1
Samuel Gompers helped found the American Federation of Labor (AFL), he promoted harmony among the different unions
John Lewis was the founding president of the CIO and a dominant voice in shaping the labor movement
AFL- wanted "higher wages and a shorter workday," wouldn't organize unskilled workers
CIO-included skilled and unskilled workers in large industrial companies
Wagner Act-gave employees the right to join Unions and to bargain for rights
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1744.html -
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FDR pt 1
-First 100 days: Americans back to work, protect their savings, provide relief for the sick and elderly, and help industry and farming. He passed 15 major laws.
-Roosevelt believed that gov't spending to help people was much more acceptable than Hoover thought
-The court continuously struck down his New Deal Legislation so Roosevelt wanted to pack the courts with people who approved his legislation
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roosevelt-announces-court-packing-plan -
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FDR pt 2
Good neighbor policy-He emphasized the US dedication to being a good neighbor to central and south America and that the US wanted cooperation and trade rather than military force to maintain stability
Lend-lease Act-allowed the US to give military aid to other nations while staying out of the war themselves
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/lend-lease-act -
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Neutrality Acts
These were passed by Congress in response to the turmoil in Europe and Asia that would lead to WW2. They tried to insure the US's policy of isolationism but it obviously failed.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/neutrality-acts -
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WW2
-After the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, the US was paranoid and RACIST towards the Japanese-Americans in the US that the gov't put them in internment camps until the war was over. Koremastsu v United States said this was constitutional
-Women went to work in the factories producing materials for war, this is the first time housewives were a part of the collective work effort
http://www.ushistory.org/us/51e.asp -
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Truman pt 1
Fair Deal-wanted to continue the legacy of the New Deal, 21 point plan proposing actions in economic development and social welfare
Republican Congress-Republicans controlled the House and the Senate because they campaigned against his legislation so much
Korean War-orders air and naval forces into communist N Korea, this is to stop the spread of communism through containment.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/truman-orders-u-s-forces-to-korea-2 -
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Truman pt 2
Cold War-Truman adopted a policy of containment toward Soviet expansion and the spread of communism
Berlin Airlift- Soviets blockaded access to allied-controlled areas of Berlin.The US airlifted food and fuel to Berlin.
Greece-Introduced the Truman Doctrine to Greece and Turkey in and effort to protect them from communist aggression
http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/harry-truman -
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McCarthyism
A practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without regard for evidence. This period was categorized by a heightened fear of communism and political repression.
http://www.ushistory.org/us/53a.asp -
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1950s pt 1
-The troops came home and wanted to start families, people began moving to suburbs because it was cleaner and less expensive than the cities
-When the troops came home there was a large baby boom, 4 million babies were born each year of the 50s
nuclear war scare-After the US use of atomic bombs on Japan, nuclear weapons were being developed all throughout the world
domestic tranquility-The US was prospering socially, economically, and politically
http://www.history.com/topics/1950s -
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1950s pt 2
Rock and roll-Newly popular in the 50s, helped jump start the 1950s rebellious teenage era
consumerism-people had more money to spend and wanted to fill their houses with he latest consumer goods, Americans consumes 1/3 of the worlds goods and services
economic boom-grew by 37%, unemployment was 4.5%, the 50s economy caused for more people to want to spend
https://www.nhvweb.net/nhhs/socialstudies/tkieffer/files/2013/09/American-Consumerism-in-the-1950s.pdf -
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Civil Rights Movement
Sit-ins-nonviolent protests in NC which helped end some radical segregation
School Desegregation-Brown v Board of Education ruled that separate but equal was not okay
Martin Luther King-Leader in the movement, known for his nonviolent disobedience
March on Washington-250,000 people for jobs and freedom, Kings famous "I had a dream speech" was presented
Radical Black Leaders-Malcom X was the most popular one
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr -
Plessy v Ferguson overturned by Brown vs Board of Education
Plessy v Ferguson was a supreme court ruling that established the "Separate but Equal" doctrine that permitted racial segregation as constitutional.
Brown v Board of Education overturned this ruling by saying that separate but equal is not okay and segregation in schools is a violation of the 14th amendment and therefore was unconstitutional. -
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Vietnam
Gulf of Tonkin drew the US directly into the war when N Vietnam shot down a US ship off the coast of Vietnam
LBJ-He embraced the theory of containment and believed that the US needed to help S Vietnam
Nixon-helped disengage the US from Vietnam with his policy of Vietnamization and "peace with honor"
Protests-The US did not want to be involved in this war and after the TET offensive, more and more anti-war protests were created
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3464 -
Sputnik
The first artificial Earth satellite launched into space by the Soviet Union. This started the space race between the US and the Soviets. -
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1960s Protests
Vietnam-Protests against the war, especially after the tet offensive, led by college students, peace activists, and leftist intellectuals
counter-culture:young people breaking away from the traditional culture of the 50s, conceded with the US involvement in Vietnam
women's movement-to break out of the social norm, to be allowed back into the workforce like they were in WW2
http://www.lessonsite.com/archivepages/historyoftheworld/lesson31/protests60s.htm -
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Cuban Missile Crisis
13 day confrontation between the Soviets and the US because the soviets were keeping atomic weapons in Cuba that could've easily reached the US. Atomic war was avoided when the Soviet leader took the missiles out of Cuba if Kennedy promised not to invade Cuba.
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cuban-missile-crisis -
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Lyndon Johnson
Great Society- A set of domestic programs set to eliminate poverty and racial injustice, it resembled Roosevelts New Deal
Civil Rights-He signed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, carrying out Kennedy's civil rights bill, prohibited racial discrimination in employment and education and outlawed segregation in public places
https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/lyndonbjohnson
