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Jamestown
The founding of Jamestown, America’s first permanent English colony, in Virginia in 1607. Chartered in 1606 by King James I, with the expansion of other European nations abroad, seeking a northwest passage to the Orient, and converting the Virginia Indians to the Anglican religion. The headright system referred to a grant of land, usually 50 acres, given to those in the 13 colonies to attract new settlers. Tobacco became an important cash crop that ultimately saved the colony from starvation. -
Pilgrims/Puritans
Puritans created Massachusetts Bay Colony also known as 'City On a Hill". Puritans did not practice religious toleration to those who went against their belief. Sepratists choose to create the Mayflower Compact in Plymouth Colony to self govern themselves safely in the New World. Halfway Covenant was created to keep church influence in the colonies and keep basic rights to those who took part in church. -
Deism
Deism is the belief in one God can be seen in the natural world but the denouncement of miracles or natural events. Occured during the Age of Enlightenment where an emphasis was put more on natural world rather then the religious. -
Mercantilism/Salutary Neglect
Mercantilism was practiced by many European powers to help their country grow in wealth. It included aquiring colonies overseas and monopolizing their raw materials to create merchandise to sell back to their countries. Salutary Neglect was a term used to describe countries who didn't enforce laws on their colonies. -
Bacon's Rebellion
An armed rebellion led in Virginia by Nathanial Bacon to fight Governor William Berkeley. Who neglected to protect colonists' interest and welfare against neiboring Indians who would attack those in frontier settlement. Many of those who participated in the rebellion were indentured servants and slaves. -
Great Awakening
It was a religious revival that sparked growth in evangelical church membership and the sense of redemption. Along with the formation of other religious movements. It put more emphasis on the strong emotional responce from church. -
French and Indian War effects
With war at their colonies, England sent troops to protect their new lands. With England excersing it's power over the colonies to fight salutary neglect ended. The war ended with th Proclamation of 1763 which drew the line of British expansion all the way to the Appalachian Mountains and helped mend relations with bordering territories. What followed was major debt to the war, so to compensate, England put taxes on colonists such as the Stamp Act and Sugar Act. -
Revolutionary War
ClickDuring the Revolutionary War, America had won assistance from other countries who were in competition with Britain including Spain, France, and Dutch Republic. All who were warring with Britain on all parts of the world, not just in America helping to stretch out England's strength and weaken it. Most notably the French aid, won after the battle of Saratoga, is what ultimately helped win the war against Britain and their navy. -
Declaration of Independence
When the colonies declared themselves a seperate country from their founders in England.Originally composed by Thomas Jefferson, which spoke the colonies greviances against King George the 3rd and by asserting legal and natural rights such as rightful representation. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was created to unite all of the colonies of America into one country. It gave legitamacy to the Continental Congress during the war as the central authority. It gave the states the power to create their own constitutions to abide by and the central government could not regulate commerce between states.When regulations could be made, Shay's rebellion rose up fighting against financial difficulties brought on by the government in Massachusetts. -
British violations of Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris was signed to end the Revolutionary War between America and Britain. Following the war Britain violated the treaty by keeping soldiers in the northwest territory against the treaty's agreement. Even going so far as to influence and aid the natives into harming Americans. The British responded by saying the Americans didn't hold their promise of giving back loyalists' land either. -
Land Ordinance of 1785; Land Ordinance of 1787
The Land Ordinance of 1785 was a resolution dividing the territory west of the Appalachian Mountains to survey and sell into neat rectangular townships, divided into 36 identical sections, also known as the grid. In the Land Ordinance of 1787 Congress abandoned the ten sections and created a single Northwest Territory. It also specified the requirements for statehood. Such as a population of 60,000, guaranteed freedom of religion, a right to trial by peers, and prohibition of slavery. -
Constitution
ClickThe Constitution gave the government the power to tax, regulate commerce, to control currency, and to pass such laws that would be necessary and proper to carry out it's other responsibilities. The Federalists were those who supported a strong central government while the Antifederalists were afraid of another tyrannical center of power and advocated states' rights. To satisfy the Antifederalists the Bill of Rights was attached to the Constitution along with checks and balances. -
Founding Fathers Attitudes toward political parties
Founding fathers such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and John Adams explicitly put down the idea of political parties, claiming it would tear the nation apart by having different factions fight over their personal gains while plotting opposition to the other. -
Bill of Rights
Created to diminish the fear of the anitfederalists who thought that a central government could possibly lead to another tyrannical power to control them. It included the first ten Amendments that protected citizen's rights against the government. -
Hamilton economic policies
In his policies, Hamilton created a national bank which would collect taxes, hold government funds, and make loans to government and borrowers. And developed high tarriffs to protect American industry from foreign competition. Opposition to the economic plan was Thomas Jefferson who saw America's future as an agriculturally based nation. Those who sided with Hamilton came to be known as Federalists while Jefferson's views with antifederalists. -
Lowell System
The Waltham-Lowell system was a labor and production model employed in the United States, with the use of domestic labor, mostly young, unmarried women. With all forms of textile production done under one roof. Made possible by such inventions as the spinning jenny, spinning mule, and water frame. -
Washington's Neutrality Proclamation
Declared America neutral in the war between Britain and France. It made it illegal to sell any aid to either countries during the period of neutrality. -
Eli Whitney
Creator of the cotton gin and interchangable parts, The cotton gin caused a sharp increase in cotton production that swept through the south. And the interchangable parts allowed for manufacturing in the north to continually make less faulty products and led to faster paces due to assembly lines. -
Washington's Farewell Address
Washington urges the people of his country to first see themselves as Americans above their identity of their state. And to warn against the dangers of secession and political parties as the nation's biggest threats in the future. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The acts increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from five to fourteen years, and allowed the president to imprison or deport aliens which were considered dangerous. They also restricted speech which was critical of the federal government. Both Jefferson and Madison wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions to overturn those act. Saying that it was the states' duty to nulify laws that went against the Constitution. -
Election of 1800
The election of 1800 was between Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican party and John Addams for the Federalists. In the end, Jefferson won the presidency and with the defeat of the Federalist party a new era of governing would begin using the true prinicples of the country by Republicans. -
Louisiana Purchase
Land bought from the French by Jefferson. Jefferson wanted to use the land for agrarian purposes. To build the future of American economy on agriculture. -
Marbury v. Madison
The case was petitioned by William Marbury who had been appointed Justice of Peace by President John Addams but whose commision was not given to. Marbury wanted the petition to force Secretary of State James Madison to deliver the documents. The Supreme Court ruled that it went beyond the controls of the court and therefore denied the case -
War of 1812; causes
Reasons for the War of 1812 include the impressment of U.S sailors by British ships. The attempts to restrict U.S. trade by setting up blockades. And America's desire to expand it's territory beyond the Mississppi. -
American System/ Clay-Whig policies
Support for a high tariff to protect American industries and generate revenue for the federal government. Maintenance of high public land prices to generate federal revenue. Preservation of the Bank of the United States to stabilize the currency and rein in risky state and local banks. Development of a system of internal improvements which would knit the nation together and be financed by the tariff and land sales revenues. -
Hartford Convention
Was a series of meetings led by New England Federalists to discuss greviances concerning the War of 1812. Though some radicals cried for succession, moderates were focuses on proposals of reform. The convention discussed removing the three-fifths compromise which gave slave states more power in Congress and requiring a two-thirds super majority in Congress for the admission of new states, declarations of war, and laws restricting trade. -
Cult of Domesticity
Was society's value system that required women to live by the values of piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness. Generally falling under the control of men in their lives, seeing as most viewed men as a higher species then women. -
Compromise of 1820/Mo. Compromise
It involved primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. Maine was also marked as a free state and Missouri a slave state so there would be no upset of balance with the issue of slavery. -
Emerson, Cooper, and other early 19th century authors
During the early 19th century American literature was developed within the region. With most notably James Fenimire Cooper and Ralph Waldo Emerson. The typical American novel often involved the west frontier wilderness and the romanticism between man and nature. -
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalists believed that society and its institutions—particularly organized religion and political parties—ultimately corrupted the purity of the individual. They had faith that people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent. They refused to believe in predestination and preached unity instead of the trinity of God. -
Monroe Doctrine
The doctrine warns European nations that the United States will not tolerate further colonization in any western nation. And any attempt on colonization will be accepted as an indicator of war. It ultimately wanted to seperate the European control on new western nations. It was also used to protect South American countries from further danger from European powers as seen from Roosevelt Corollary which -
Tariff of Abominations/Nullification crisis
It was a protective tariff passed by the Congress designed to protect industry in the northern United States but had negative effects on the Southern economy which harmed by having to pay higher prices on goods the region did not produce, and because reducing the exportation of British goods to the US made it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imported from the South. John C. Calhoun suggested higher taxes for the north and the right to nullify the tariff. -
Andrew Jackson
He signed the Indian Removal Act which moved native Americans west of the Mississippi River. He fought for the expanision of suffrage for all white men, taking down the the requirements to own property or pay taxes. Jackson despised the national bank and would later shut down the second bank of the United States and in turn put all federal funds into pet banks to hold. -
William Lloyd Garrison
Founded the newspaper called The Liberator and was known for its antislavery ideas. He founded the American Antislavery Society and promoted the idea of immediate emancipation with no compensation whatsoever to slave holders. -
Manifest Destiny
The Whig party was against the idea of westward expansion for fear of beigger problems arising, such as war with ohter countries or the anger from opposition within the country. The Democratic party pushed for the expansion of America. Dreaming of a coast to coast vision of the nation. Believing they were entitled to the land already. -
Mexico
The Election of 1844 ended with the inauguration of President James K. Polk, He viewed Texas as more territory that America deserved and quickly accepted it into the Union. This angered Mexico alot and caused high tensions at the borders. The Whig Policy was that it ultimately hurt thee country by accepting these lands into the Union and causing problems with other nations. -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Gave all territory above the Rio Grande line including Texas and California to America in exchaange of peace. Americ also repaid the amount of damage done. And also granted protection of property and civil rights of Mexican nationals living within the new boundaries of the United States. -
Seneca Falls Convention
Was an early women's rights convention that included such people as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Together with the other participants they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions to combat women descrimination. -
Compromise of 1850
California was admited as a free state into the Union. The Fugitive Slave Law Act required federal judicial officials in all states and federal territories to actively assist with the return of escaped slaves to their masters in the states and territories permitting slavery. And anyone helping slaves would be given a fine and possibly jail time. -
Popular sovereighty
The ultimate authority by the people of America, in which citizens vote on laws passed in Congress. As used in the Kansas-Nebraska Act. -
Irish Immigration
Due to the potato famine, thousands of Irish immgrants flooded to America in search of economic opportunity. Though the rising competition in the job market caused high tensions amoungst the more native population. Even going so far as to form the 'Know-Nothing' party, made to insure jobs and opportunities for pure Americans. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Attempting to organize territory in the west, Stephen A. Douglass inserted a provision that the status of slavery in the territory would be determined by popular sovereignty in the new states being inducted into the Union. This bill ultimately repealed the former Missouri Compromise. -
John Brown
Click Was an radical abolitionist who in an act against slavery killed 5 pro-slavery supporters. And afterward attempted to go to Harper's Ferry to the armery to gather weapons but was stopped by the army. The north viewed him as a hero standing up against what was right while the south saw nothing but a madman -
Dred Scott case
Dred Scott sued for his freedom after his master died while in a free state. The Supreme Curt ruled that him being a slave to begin with made him not a citizen but merchandise and could therefore not sue for his freedom. And ruled that the court could not grant citizenship either.The north was completely outraged over the ruling -
Lincoln/Republican policy on slavery in 1860
Click Demanded that no more slavery be introduced into further territory of America but did not call for immediate emancipation of slaves. The south was outraged and fearful of their economic standing in America, Talk of succession was happening after the declaration made by the President. -
Civil War
ClickThe causes of the Civil War included unfair taxation to the south, concern of keeping slavery, and states' rights versus national rights. The north's strengths was the higher population, railroads, better manufacturing, and a navy, Weaknesses were they had to cover more unfamiliar land. The Confederates strengths were defending their homeland and keeping true to their purpose. Weaknesses were few supplies, no navy, small population, Britain and France did not see the Confederacy as real nation. -
Emancipation Proclamation
It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states that were still in rebellion, Applying more then 3 million slaves after the civil war. It helped more African Americans escape their Confederate slave holder and become a soldier to help the Union put down the Rebellion. Though it only applied to rebel states not those who were on the Union's side bu still had slavery.
