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Period: to
Road to Revolution
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Navigation Act of 1651
Laws passed by Parliement
-Cut Dutch trade with colonies
-mostly ignored
-Eventually led to the Anglo-Dutch War of 1652 -
Navigation Act of 1663
Laws passed by Parliement
-European imports only through England
-partially obeyed -
Navigaiton Act of 1673
Laws passed by Parliement
-Ensured only enumerated goods go only to Europe
-mostly obeyed -
Molasses Act/Sugar Act
Cut American imports of molasses from French West Indies
-Extensively violated Mercantilism: Colonies would produce agri. goods and materials which England merchants would carry to England
-The mother nation(England) benifited -
French and Indian War (Seven Years War)
A) 1754-1763
French, Native Indian tribes, and England
War between France and England over trade and land
B) France was in territory claimed by Virginia; French and British built and destroyed each other's forts
C) Britain wins French territory in Canada Third Carnatic War in Asia
-Eventually led to American War of Independence -
Albany Plan
A) 1754
-Proposed by Benjamin Franklin
-Parliament sets up one general government & each colony keeps present constitution
B) Delegates met to decide on relations with natives (Iroquois) Need for intercolonial unity
C) Central gov't. governs all relations w/ Indians
-Union formed b/w colonies -
Period of Benign Neglect
A)1607-1673
-England & American colonies
-England started paying less attention to colonies
- Few officials visited America
- People appointed by royal appointments led colonies
B) Depended on support of merchants
-Did not strictly enforce Navigation Acts
C) -Ended b/c of Seven Years War
-Colonies allowed to grow on their own -
Pontiac's Rebellion
A) 1763
- Ottawa, Wyindots , Ojibwa, Potawatamis Indians & Detroit colonists
- Ottawa chief(Pontiac)
B) Ottawa attack on Detroit
- Campaign to rid British from previously French land
C) - Widespread sieges
Indian alliances formed and broken
Pontiac signs British treaty (1766) -
Treaty of Paris
A) 1763
- British and French
- Treaty signed @ end of 7 Years War
B)French lost to Brits = give up land
C) - Frech cedes land to Britain
- colonies in West Indian Islands, Inda, Canada, and lands east of Mississippi River
- High British debt
- English contempt for colonists -
Prime Minister, George Grenville
-1763-1765 - Brother-in-law of William Pitt - Prime minister appointed by King George III -Agreed with British mindset against colonies -Tried to impose new system of control - increased authority over colonies -
Paxton Boys & Rebellion
A) 1763
- Group of outlaws in west Pennsylvania
- Marched/descended on Philadelphia
B) They demanded lesser colonial taxes
- Wanted $$ to defend against Indians
C)Influenced other rebellions/movements
- Granted greater representation in Parliament -
Regulator Movement Revolts(Carolinas)
A) 1764-1771
Group of western farmers in North Carolina
Sons of Liberty
B) Fights/Conflicts against local colonial officials who were overtaxing colonists
C) A prelude to the upcoming War for American Independence -
Stamp Act of 1765
A) 1765
- All Americans
- Required colonists to buy stamps for ship papers & legal documents
B) England wanted more control over colonies
C) Colonists angered
- Taxes usually to regulate commerce, not to raise $$
-Virginia House of Burgesses call to action
-Patrick Henry: "Americans have same rights as English"
-Intercolonial congress for action against new tax -
Declaratory Act
A) 1766
- Marquis of Rockingham
- George Grenville's successor
- Asserts Parliament's autority over colonies
B) - Marquis of Rockingham convinced Parliament to get rid of Stamp Act
C) Sons of Liberty = Rise in activism -
1767 Townshend Duties
A) Charles Townshend
-Levied taxes
B) To enforce laws and raise revenue
C) - Colonies could not logically object
- Colonists angered
- felt like they were taxed w/o consent to raise revenue -
1770 Boston Massacre
a) 1770
- Customs officers & Bostonian colonists
- Attack on "guilty" customs commissioners
B) Still angry over Townsend Duties
C) Many dead
- Victims considered martyrs
- Sam Adams attracted support -
Philosophy of Revolt(Incl. John Locke's Enlightment ideals)
A) 1770’s
John Locke
Ideas expressed by Enlightenment Locke
B) Gov't. needed boundaries
C) Inspired colonists to think for themselves -
Samuel Adams&Creation of Communities of Correspondence
A) 1772
Samuel Adams
- Openly voiced his opinion on England
B) Looked at things differently
c) Committee of Correspondence
- Kept colonists aware of each others' complaints -
Tea Act of 1773
A) 1773
East India Company, colonists
B) East India Co. going bankcrupt
-ship tea to colonies and sell at a bargin price
C) Colonists in PA and NY turned the tea ships back to Britain In Charleston, cargo was left to rot on the docks.
In Boston, BOSTON TEA PARTY!
Women came to organize boycotts -
1774 Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)
A. 1774
Massachusetts
Parliament and Colonies
B. Bostonians refused to pay for property destroyed during the Boston Tea Party
C. Isolated Massachusetts and made it a martyr to residents of other colonies
Sparked new resistance in the colonies
•Quebec Act(1774)
Provided a civil government for French-speaking Roman Catholic inhabitants and also granted political rights to Roman Catholic Church within enlarged province -
1774 First Continental Congress
A. 1774
Philadelphia
Twelve colonial delegates
B. In response to the Intolerable Acts(Coercive)
C. Declaration of Rights and Grievances(demanded repeal of Intolerable Acts)
Repudiated the Declaratory Act of 1766 -
1775 Lexington
A) 1775
- Lexington, Massachusetts
- General Thomas Gage
B) To surprise colonists & seize illegal supplies
C) Patriots found out and were prepared with minutemen -Rallied colonists
- First steps toward The War for Independence -
1775 Concord
A. April 19, 1775
Concord, Massachusetts
British and Patriots
B. British intended to surprise colonials and seize illegal supplies without bloodshed but patriots found out and were prepared with minutemen
C. Rallied colonists to patriots cause
-First steps towards The War for Independence -
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
A. January 10, 1776
Philadelphia
Thomas Paine
B. To expose the unintelligence of continuing to believe reconciliation with British was possible
C. Helped change the American outlook toward the war
-turned anger of Americans towards English constitution -
Declaration of Independence
A)1776
- Expressed ideas voiced throughout colonies
B) Colonies wanted freedom from British Empire
C) American Revolution
-Inspired French Revolution
-Declaration of Rights of Man
Encouraged Patriotism Divisons within American society
*Thomas Jefferson: Argued they had same rights as their ancestors, so they should be able to govern themselves.
