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Dred Scott was a runaway slave from Missouri and lived in Illinois, a free state. He returned to Missouri and filed a lawsuit that if he resided in a free state then he is a free person. Dred Scott lost this case with a 7-2 decision based upon the reason that since his lineage was property he is declared the property in the eyes of the law. This case pushed the idea of slaves to be given the right for citizenship seen that they have the right to vote in five states at the time. -
The 13th amendment was ratified and abolished slavery or other forms of indentured servitude unless it is a punishment. This took place in the aftermath of the Civil War and caused many more issues to follow in the future, relatively found throughout the southern states. -
The 14th Amendment was ratified to include the naturalization of all people born in the United States. This also includes formerly enslaved individuals and if a state did not respect these terms it would be punished. This could be from holding office to holding military positions. This amendment has been a core part of many cases throughout history. -
The Jim Crow Era began around 1877. This was a period of a racial caste system in America. Having rigid rules mainly in southern states allowed a segregated society. Jim Crow wasn't just laws, but an actual character in plays and movies. -
Louisiana enacted the Separate Car Act, which required separate railway cars for blacks and whites. Plessy was 7/8ths caucasian. He was convicted because under Louisiana law he was considered black. -
The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. It specifically indicated that it was the right to not be unable to vote based on sex. It was certified by the Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby. -
This was a case comprised of many others that targeted the separate but equal theory. This one specifically relates to the segregation of public schools on the basis of race. In each of the cases, African American students had been denied admittance to certain public schools based on laws allowing public education to be segregated. Brown won and it was a bumpy ride for integration since. -
In 1963, JFK publicly announced a proposed version of this bill and later formerly proposed it to congress. It pushed for racial equality in basic everyday activities. More specifically it addressed discrimination, segregation, voting rights, and public accommodations. Even though President Kennedy pushed the bill at the beginning he never saw it signed due to his assassination. -
The voting act came to having nondiscrimination by race to vote. This was signed at the height of the civil rights movement by President Lyndon B. Johnson. This act was to reinforce the 14th and 15th amendments. It is also deemed as one of the most far-reaching pieces of legislation ever. -
Affirmative action, also known as positive discrimination, involves sets of policies and practices within the government or organization seeking to include particular groups based on their gender, race, sexuality, etc. -
Sally Reed won in a unanimous decision, the Court held that the law's dissimilar treatment of men and women was unconstitutional. It clearly violated the 14th Amendment which holds the equal protection clause. -
Bakke was not admitted to a medical school because of his race. The university wanted 11 places for minority students and he had higher qualifications however, he was white. This was later "overturned." -
The Equal Rights Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex. It goes very close to the 19th amendment and the Voting act. -
Michael Hardwick was observed by a Georgia police officer while engaging in some acts with another man. He was convicted on the stature of sodomy laws. these were overturned because of this case and it is not truly there anymore. The Sodomy law was still there just state by state. -
lobbying efforts of Patrisha Wright gave way for this act to happen. It requires that all places have access for someone with disabilities. That is why we have ramps, elevators, and even scooters at Walmart. -
the Motor Voter Act is a United States federal law signed into law by President Bill Clinton. The law was enacted under the Elections Clause of the United States Constitution and advances voting rights in the United States by requiring state governments to offer simplified voter registration processes for any eligible person with a driver's license. -
Lawrence was found in a same-sex relationship and inside of Texas law, it was illegal. Texas was found to have been in violation of the due process clause of the 24th amendment and the law was voided and was then integrated to the rest of the states. This was once called the Sodomy law. -
same-sex marriage or refusal to recognize legal same-sex marriages that occurred in jurisdictions that provided for such marriages. this occurred inside of Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Many same sex couples from these states filed complaints. Obergefell won as it was part of the 14th amendment which includes the due process clause.
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