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Leonardo da Vinci was a Florentine polymath of the Italian Renaissance. He was a painter, anatomist, architect, paleontologist, botanist, writer, sculptor, philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet and urban planner. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzNz-0Aw-vY -
Constantinople was conquest by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. This event marked the end of the Middle Ages in Europe. Map: https://www.britannica.com/event/Fall-of-Constantinople-1453 -
In 1454 Gutenberg put his press to commercial use, producing thousands of indulgences for the Church. The following year he printed his famous 42-line Bible, the first book printed on a moveable type press in the West. Gutenberg's press was the combined effort of several discoveries and inventions. Web: https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/printing-press -
He was an Italian Renaissance architect, sculptor, painter and poet, considered one of the greatest artists in history for his sculptures, paintings and architectural work. Web: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michelangelo -
Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón were the Catholic Kings. Their marrriage led to the unification of Spain. Photo: https://www.rah.es/reyes-catolicos/ Web: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isabella-I-queen-of-Spain
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The fall of Constantinople had to do with the blockade of the silk route. As the necessary products came from other places to Europe, Cristobal Colón wanted to reach Asia by another route. As the existence of America was not known, Colon reached this continent together with Niña, Pinta and Santa Maria (the three ships that accompanied him). For this reason, it was believed that "America was discovered". Map: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Viajes_de_colon_en.svg -
It was was an agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide up the world along an imaginary line in the center of the Atlantic Ocean. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKyzxCNgX6Y -
Juana "la Loca" was not crazy, but her husband (Felope el hermoso) and son (Carlos I) made people believe it because they wanted her off the throne. Photo: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_I_de_Castilla Web: http://www.tordesillas.net/en_GB/descubre-tordesillas/historia/personajes-historicos/-/asset_publisher/eF65c2HI6pXY/content/juana-i-de-castilla/23202?_101_INSTANCE_eF65c2HI6pXY_redirect=%2Fen%2Fdescubre-tordesillas%2Fhistoria%2Fpersonajes-historicos
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He was a French theologian and philosopher, considered one of the authors and managers of the Protestant Reformation. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tJKVnMs2kk -
The ninety-five theses, is a list of propositions for a scholarly debate on the questioning of the power and efficacy of indulgences, written in Latin by Martin Luther. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aaBxoxIdA7k -
He reigned alog with his mother (Juana I de Castilla). Also, he became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1530. Photo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor,_seated_(1500%E2%80%931558),_formerly_attributed_to_Titian_(Alte_Pinakothek,_Munich).jpg Web: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-V-Holy-Roman-emperor
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In 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O6Ju8G05Rk -
The Council of Trent was the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation. It served to define Catholic ideas and principals and made extensive decrees on self-reform, helping to revitalize the Roman Catholic Church in the face of Protestant expansion. Photo: https://cdn.britannica.com/71/189471-050-E0B9E1D3/session-Council-of-Trent-Nicolo-Dorigati-Trento-1711.jpg Web: https://www.britannica.com/event/Council-of-Trent
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Son of Carlos I. His reign was characterized by global exploration and territorial expansion across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Under Felipe II, the Spanish monarchy became the leading power in Europe.
Photo: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_II_de_Espa%C3%B1a#/media/Archivo:Portrait_of_Philip_II_of_Spain_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola_-_002b.jpg Web: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-II-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal -
Son of Felipe II. The reign of Felipe III meant the maintenance of Spanish superiority in the world, but his economic difficulties and the cession of the government to private or valid predicted the loss of power of the Empire.
Photo: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_III_de_Espa%C3%B1a#/media/Archivo:Rey_Felipe_III.jpg Web: https://www.britannica.com/place/Spain/The-reign-of-Philip-III -
He was a Spanish baroque painter considered one of the greatest exponents of Spanish painting and a master of universal painting. Web: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Diego-Velazquez -
Son of Felipe III. Felipe IV signed the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 in order to concentrate all the resources of the Hispanic monarchy on the reconquest of the rebellious kingdom: from that date, Spain was finally at peace with France, England and the Netherlands. Curiosity: He has 46 children. Photo: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_IV_de_Espa%C3%B1a#/media/Archivo:Philip_IV_of_Spain.jpg Web: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-IV-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal
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Son of Felipe IV. He was called Carlos II "El Hechizado" because he had a lot of medical problems. Photo: https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/charles-ii-last-spanish-habsburg Web: https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/charles-ii-last-spanish-habsburg
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After the death of Carlos II, the war was primarily a struggle to determine whether possession of the Spanish Empire should pass to the House of Bourbon or to the House of Habsburg. Photo: https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/Spanish-succession Web: https://www.britannica.com/event/War-of-the-Spanish-Succession Map: https://mapsontheweb.zoom-maps.com/post/632492795963293697/european-alliances-during-war-of-the-spanish
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King Louis XVI needed more money, but had failed to raise more taxes when he had called a meeting of the Estates General. This instead turned into a protest about conditions in France. The Revolution put an end to the feudal system, establish civil laws and it also served to unify and strengthen France as a country. Photo: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/french-revolution-timeline-simple-overview-major-events Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEZqarUnVpo
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