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The Etruscans found Rome originally as a village. When they launched a building program that changed it into a city. The Etruscans influenced the Romans army heavily making it the powerhouse that it was. The Etruscans also influenced the fashion making togas and cloaks popular .
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Rome was developed into a big city empire, ruled by king at the beginning. In 509 B.C. romans formed a new structure of government- A Republic. The Roman Republic started when the romans overthrew their Etruscan conqueror. The new government allowed the citizens to select the representative to rule on their behalf.
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The 1st Punic War started when Rome sent an army to Sicily. Carthage, who thought that Sicily was a part of their empire saw this as an act of war. The romans created a navy, because they couldn't win without one. The roman navy defeated the Carthaginian navy off the coast of Sicily, and the war ended. In 241 B.C. Carthage gave up all rights to Sicily and paid a fine to the romans.
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The 2nd Punic War saw Hannibal and his troops of as much as 90,000 infantry, 12,000 calvary and a number of elephants marched across the Alps and into Italy. In 216 B.C. Hannibal surrounded the roman army in Cannae and inflicted massive amounts of death from it. The Romans however managed to rebuild and gained hold in Spain and North Africa. Hannibal was forced to defend North Africa, and was Zama where he was defeated. http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/punic-wars/videos
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50 years after Rome fought their final battle with Carthage. 146 B.C. Carthage was destroyed. Then for 10 days Roman soldiers burned and demolished all the city buildings. 50,000 men, women, and children were sold into slavery. The territory Carthage became a Roman province called Africa.
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The 1st triumvirate were 3 victors of the Civil War. They were Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Ceasar. Crassus ended up dying in 53 B.C. , which caused conflict on who would take over. The senate only wanted Pompey to rule. But Ceasar marched on Rome and defeated
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The 3 leaders of the 2nd Triumvirate were Octaviian ( Ceasar's heir and grand nephew), Antony (Ceasar's ally and assisstant), and Lepidus (Commander of Ceasar's cavalry). Their were struggles for power during the 2nd Trumvirate. After Ceasar's death, Octavian and Antony divide the Roman world between them. Octavian took West, and Antony took East.
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Augustus's rule restored morale in Rome after a century of discord and corruption and ushered in the famous pax Romana- two full centuries of peace and prosperity. He instituted various social reforms, won numerous military victories and allowed Rome literature, art , architecture and religion to flourish. Augustus ruled for 56 years. When he died, the senate elevated Augustus to the status of a god.
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The teachings of early Christianity were passed on orally. Written materials also appeared, however. Paul and other followers of Jesus had written letters, or epistles, outlining Christian beliefs for communities. These accounts became the basis of written Gospels- the "the good news" concerning Jesus. These writings give a record of Jesus' life. "All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness." 2 Timothy 3:16
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The most famous slave revolt in Italy occurred in 73 B.C. Led by the gladiator Spartacus, the revolt broke out in southern Italy and involved seventy thousand slaves. Spartacus managed to defeat several Roman armies before being trapped and killed in 71 B.C. Six thousand followers of Spartacus were crucified. "For freedom Christ has set us free; stand firm therefore, and do not submit again to a yoke of slavery." Galatians 5:1
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Around 70-72 Vespasian returned the lush land in the center of the city where Nero had built an enormous palace for himself. After a fire ripped though Rome in AD 64 on the site of this palace he built a new building where people would enjoy gladiatorial combats and other forms of entertainment. The colosseum took nearly a decade to build. Titus officially dedicated the colosseum in AD 80 with a festival including 100 days of games.
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In the fourth century, Christianity prospered as never before when Constantine became the first christian emperor. Although he was not baptized until the end of his life, in 313 Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, which proclaimed official tolerance of Christianity. Then, under Theodosius the Great, the Romans adopted Christianity as their official religion.
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Romulus Augustus, the last emperor of the western roman empire is deposed by Odoacer, a German barbarian who proclaimed himself king of Italy. Odoacer was a mercenary leader in the Roman imperial army when he launched his meeting against the young emperor. At Piacenza, he defeated the roman general Orestes, the emperor's father, then took Ravenna, the capital of the western empire since 402. The crowning of Odoacer marked the end of the original Roman Empire.
