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E- Around 100 B.C- People began to spread the importance of nature/power of government. Daoists began to seek harmony in China.
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C-100 AD- Galen writes several volumes summarizing the medical knowledge of his day. This helped start the establishing of Roman science and technology.
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C-100 AD- The Romans had another development in science and technology. Ptolemy synthesized the knowledge of others into a single theory, that the earth was the center of the universe.
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I-100 AD- The Romans began building larger buildings. They created narrow channels for water to run through.
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E-100 AD- Rome has no rivals. But begin facing problems within their own empire. Rome gains more problems within the empire when they lose their enimies.
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E- 100 AD- Manufacturing increases throughout the empire. Artisans make pottery and textiles, people in the east such as Alexandria make products such as fine glassware, and trade increased.
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E- 221 B.C Emperor Shi-Huangdi ordered the Great Wall to be worked on so that invaders could not attack China. The emperor forced people such as musicians, criminals and normal everyday people to work on the wall.
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S- About 300 BC- Romans were patriarchal. The head of the family (the paterfamilias or family father) had power over the other family members.
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S -About 300 BC- Roman women were not allowed to do much without permission. But they could own or inherit land. Lower class women had much more freedom and could work.
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C-300 BC- Romans adopted elements from Greek Mythology. They did not limit their beliefs in only a few gods, they put their belifs in many gods.
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P-305 BC- Diocletian resigns from the throne, along with his co-emperor. After the new emperors quarrel, the empire goes into a civil war.
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P- 312 BC- Order is restored in the empire when Constantine is the new emperor. He continues Diocletian’s policies of state control over society.
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P- 332 BC- Egypt power declines. The Greek army under Alexander the Great marches in and takes over.
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E- 450 BC- Plebeians force the Patricians to have all laws written down. The written laws were displayed in the central square. Therefore the government could not make their own choices.
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I- 450 AD- Heavier rains aggravated soil erosion and flooding. This caused the soil to be leached of its nutrients and fertility causing less productivity.
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E- 500 BC The Athenian leader Cleisthenes introduced further reforms. He broke up the power of the nobility by organizing citizens into ten groups based on where they lived, not on how much money they had.
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S- around 550 B.C- The five basic relationships were established.
ruler and subject
father and son
husband and wife
older brother and younger brother
friend and friend -
S- 621 BC Draco developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under the law. These laws made everyone more equal, but women still had less rights than men had.
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C- 700 BC- Homer composes epics, narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds. He creates the Iliad, which is formed by the Trojan War.
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C- 700 BC- Greeks develop traditional stories known as myths. Through the myths, the Greeks tried to understand the mysteries surrounded around nature and the power of humans.
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S- 750 BC Little is know about Homer’s personal life. Historians believe that he wrote his epics, narrative poems celebrating heroic deed, sometime between 750 BC and 700 BC.
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P- 1122-256 B.C.E- The Zhou dynasty began. The new power brought new improvement/advancements to the Chinese civilizations.
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C- 1000 B.C- The Mandate of Heaven (ruler with divine approval). The Mandate of Heaven became central to the Chinese view of government.
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I- Around 1000-700 B.C the technology in China improved along with trade. This allowed people to become more advanced and get more goods and money because of better trade.
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P- 1100 BC Strong rulers controlled the areas around other Mycenaean, two of the cities were Tiryns and Athens. These kings dominated Greece from about 1600 BC to 1100 BC·
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C- 1150 BC No written record exists from the time period 1150 and 750 BC. Little is known aboput this time in Greek history.
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C- 1700-1100 B.C.E- The Chinese developed a writing system. The writing improved the way that the Chinese could communicate and the way that they read.
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P- 1200 BC- The Mycenaeans fight a ten year war against Troy. The Mycenaeans won the batte
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P- 1200 BC- Dorian’s attack and burn Mycenaean cities. Then the Mycenaean civilization began to collapse.
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S- 1347 BCE- A new king comes into power. King Tut becomes pharaoh of the capital Memphis
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E- 1500 BC- Mycenaeans and Minoans become come in contact with each other. They begin trading and influencing one another.
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C- 1500 B.C- Religion closely linked Chinese families. The spirits were not treated like gods but more like neighbors who could either be troublesome or they could be helpful.
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P 1766-1122 B.C.E- The Shang dynasty began in 1766 B.C.E. During the Shang dynasty, the economy improved, the nobles were leading the rural population.
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E- 1650 B.C.E- the Chinese metalwork improved. Weapons were starting to be made with iron which helped them during the war.
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S- 1750 BC- Hammurabi, the king of the Babylonian empire, dies.
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c - 1792 BC- Reign of Hammurabi results in the development of the Hammurabi Code of Laws. There are 282 unified laws made in order to unify diverse groups within his empire.
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S- 30 BCE- Queen Cleopatra dies. After her death, Egypt becomes part of the Roman Empire.
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I- 43 AD- Grain production increases expansion in the Roman Empire. The surplus crops also increased the population.
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S- 96 AD- A new line of emperors establish themselves on the Roman throne. This caused changes throughout the Roman Empire.
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I- 2000 B.C- Settlements grew into the first Chinese cities. The Chinese were able to spread out create buildings and homes in their new cities.
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S- 2000 B.C- Women were treated inferior to men. Women had to obey their husbands, fathers and even their sons
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I- 2000 B.C- Natural barriers isolated China from the rest of the civilizations. To the East, is the Yellow Sea and the Pacific Ocean. To the West is the Taklimakan Desert and a 15,000 ft plateau.
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S- 2000 BC - India secluded themselves from the other countries. The mountain ranges and Hindu Kush and the Himalayas separated them.
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S- 2000 BC People settled on the Greek mainlands. These people were later known as Mycenaeans.
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S- 2000 B.C- The social classes were sharply divided. The poor and the rich lived in very different places, the rich lived in houses made of timber, with clay and straw walls inside of the cities. The peasants lived in huts built outside of the city.
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E- 2400 BC- People of the Indus Valley specialized in crafts such as pottery, metalwork, and jewelry. The people used these things so that they could trade.
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P- 481 B.C.E- War broke out between the separate states in China. Nobles fought each other for supremacy and hundred of men were killed during the battles.
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P- 284 BC- Diocletian takes power of the empire. He changes the empire into an absolute monarchy, placing himself far above his subjects and rules with no accountability to anyone.
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P- 2180 BC- Power of the Pharaohs’ declines. This marks the end of the Old Kingdom and brings new government to Egypt.
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P- 2400 BC- The Indus people developed a strong central government. Instead of city-states, they had a single society.
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E- 2400 BC- Two large cities Harappa and Mohenjo Daro are established. The people drew water from community wells or smaller wells dug in the courtyards of their homes and public drainage systems carried away waste.
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S- 2500/2400 BC- Sumerian women could work as merchants, farmers, and artisans. They were able to hold property and join priesthood. Upper-class women could learn how to read and write.
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e- 2450 BC- Slaves were foreigners captured in war and put into Labor systems. Some were Sumerians who were sold into slavery as children. People who wee born slaves could work and earn their freedom back.
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e-2500 BC- Sumerians invent the wheel, plow, and sail. Also, they were among the first to use bronze. These inventions improved on the way that the Sumerians worked everyday.
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S 2500 BC- Sumerian social class develops. The highest level was the king, landowners, and priests. Middle class was made up of wealthy merchants. The lowest level was made of the slaves.
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P- 2500 BC- Sumerian city-states become under the rule of dynasties. Families continued to rule for a long amount of time.
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c- 2500 BC- Sumerians believe that the gods control the things in nature. They believed in many gods, known as Polytheism (the belief in many gods).
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e-2500 BC- New cities arise all over the Fertile Crescent. This results in the exchanging of products and ideas, a.k.a cultural difusion.
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E- 2500 BC- Indus Valley Civilizations begin planning cities. People of the Indus Valley built strong leveys or earthen walls to keep water out of their cities.
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C- 2500 BC- Indus Valley establishes their own way of brick making. Their buildings were constructed of oven baked bricks cut in cut in standard sizes.
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I- 2630 BC- First step Pyramids are built. This led to bigger pyramids in the future.
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P- 2650 BC- The third dynasty rises in Egypt. It only lasts about 500 years.
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P- 3000 BC- The Sumerians built cities. The cities had their own governments but had the same culture.
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P- 3000 BC- The cities break out into wars. This caused priests and people to give commanders total control of standing armies.
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S- 3000 BCE- Egyptian social pyramid is formed. The first class was the pharaoh, In the middle classes were viziers, high priests and nobles, officials and scribes, and craftsmen. The lowest class was made of slaves and peasants.
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I- 3000 BC The Minoans lived on the large Greek island of Crete. The Minoans created an elegant civilization that had great power.
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I- 3200 BC- The worlds tallest mountains to the north and a large desert to the east helped protect the Indus Valley from invasion.
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I- 3200 BC- People began farming along the Indus River. People had to build walls in order to keep the crops from being submerged in water when the land flooded.
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I- 3200 BC- When the summer monsoons did not happen, the Indus Valley had a drought. The drought negatively affected the Indus people because it caused crop disasters
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I- 3500 BC Ancient Greece consisted mainly of a mountainous peninsula by the Mediterranean Sea. It also included about 2,000 islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas.
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I- 4000 BC- Sumerians, to provide water, dug irrigation ditches to carry water to fields. This resulted in the production of surplus crops.
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I- 4000 BC- Sails are first used on Egyptian ships. The sails let the ships move easier and more controled.
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I- 4500 BC- People began building homes and civilizations. People began settling around the flat, swampy lands of Southern Mesopotamia.
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I- 5000 BC- First farming villages develop along the banks of the Nile River. People spoke different dialects in these villages.
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I- 5500 BC- People are farming in Southern Mesopotamia. The Fertile mud-silt starts attracting farmers, there were many fertile lands to farm in.