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"The Spark" of WW1
The archduke of Austria Hungary was assassinated in Sarajevo and that sparked WW1 -
M.A.I.N.E
Militarianism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Extreme leaders -
Trench Warfare
A type of war that would be battled in trenches and then it was very dirty because many people died -
Wet VS Dry
wet: were against prohibition
dry: was for prohibition -
Ku Klux Klan
a secret society whose purpose was to ensure white supremacy over blacks; also opposed to Jews, Catholics, and Foreigners -
Red Scare
The rounding up and deportation of several hundred immigrants of radical political views by the federal government in 1919 and 1920. This “scare” was caused by fears of subversion by communists in the United States after the Russian Revolution. -
Rise of the Nazi Party
Hitler helps form the Nazi Party (German Nationalist Socialist Party)
Beer Hall Putsch: Hitler and his Nazis try to overthrow the new democracy in a large beer hall in Munich
16 of his men are killed. Hitler flees and is later arrested on high treason
While in prison Hitler writes "Mein Kampf"
Learns the lesson: Must destroy democracy from within
Served 8 months and was released -
Installment Plan
a system in which a consumer may buy and take possession of goods, paying for them at agreed-upon intervals while having use of the goods -
Xenophobia
dislike or prejudice against people from other countries -
Fundamentalism
a movement in 20th century Protestantism emphasizing the literally interpreted Bible as fundamental to Christian life and teaching -
Hoover was Elected
An American engineer, businessman, and politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933. A member of the Republican Party, he held office during the onset of the Great Depression. -
Business Cycle
The cycle of the economy and how it changes in a long period of time. Also, the unemployment -
Cutting Federal Income Tax
Taxes were already so low (average family saved $3.75 per year)
The wealthy saved their tax cut; frightened of the future -
Great Depression
was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world -
Federal Farm Board
Farm cooperatives would voluntarily:
coordinate crop production (region by region)
withheld crops from the market until prices rose -
"Black Tuesday"
Selling panic, but no buyers
share prices deflated and margin loans came due -
Signing of the Hawley-Shoot Tariff Act into law
Raised protective tariffs to their highest level ever
One Goal: to protect farmers and manufacturers
Result: A Trade War; worldwide trade declined by 40% (which backfired) -
Bonus Army
WWI vets marched on Washington D.C.
Hoover hid in the White House, destroying his chances of reelection -
Lost Election
happened by a landslide to FDR
Hoover was booed as he left the office
He served in numerous volunteer positions until he died -
RFC (Reconstruction Finance Corporation)
Granted $2B in loans to save big businesses, banks, and railroads
an attempt at "trickle down" theory or indirect relief
summary: too little, too late
Unemployment in 1929=2 million, 1932=12 million -
United States Response to foreign aggression
1935- passed neutrality act-- no arms to warring nations
1939- Cash-n-Carry policy (purpose to aid the Allies) -
Causes of WW2
-Japenese Expansion
-Fascism
-Hitler and the Nazi Party
-Appeasement -Great Depression -
War in Europe
Germany invaded Poland with a blitzkrieg attack
France and Britain declare war the next day
The Holocaust intensifies -
Diplomacy was Failing
Appeasement was ineffective when dealing with Hitler
Sept 1940: German, Italy, and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact
-1940: WW1 destroyers given for bases deal with Great Britain
-1941: Lend-Lease Act> the U.S. became the "Arsenal of Democracy"
-1941: FDR and W. Churchill (Britain) agreed to the Atlantic Charter -
Blitzkrieg Attacks
Neutral Nations fell quickly
France fell to Hitler in late June -
European Theater
the name was given to the fighting that took place in Europe
Britain stood alone against Axis
Gen. Dwight Eisenhower-supreme allied commander of the European theater
allies first invaded through sicily and up to italy
Mussolini was overthrown and killed -
Hitler Double Crossed Stalin
Big Mistake! Stalin used Scorched Earth military tactic
Harsh winter and lack of useable supplies resulted in over 1 million Nazi losses -
Western Front: D-Day
General Eisenhower planned D-Day
Allied Invasion across English Channel into Normandy
Largest military invasion -
Harry Truman
WW2 ends with Truman's decision to drop the A-Bomb on Japan -
German Surrender
Hitler committed suicide before he could be captured
Germany officially surrendered, following day known as VE day
Now allies had to figure out how to defeat Japan -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
S.U. creates Warsaw Pact to offset NATO -
Richard Nixon
Nixon recognizes China and visits the Soviet Union
First Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty -
Jimmy Crater
The US supports freedom fighters
The US boycotts Moscow Summer Olympics in protest
"Miracle on Ice" occurs during Winter Olympics -
Ronald Reagan
Berlin Wall falls; SU loses its satellite nations
Tiananmen Square Massacre in China
