-
1492
Columbus wild experience
Columbus sails to new world thinking its India, -
Period: 1492 to
Columbian Exchange
A period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old world -
1519
Hernando Cortez
Cortez claimed new colonies for Spain and conquered the Aztec Empire -
1532
Pizarro takes over
Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and claimed new colonies for Spain -
1539
Soto discoveres the Mississippi River
Assisted Pizarro with the conquest of the Inca and he was the first to discover and cross Mississippi river. -
Period: 1568 to
Spain Settlement
Important People: Viceroys - governors who ruled in the name of the Crown – initially Cortez
The settlement Conquered the Native Americans and established New Spain.
The results were that Land was divided into states called encomienda's also Spanish settlers and Native American's intermarried, creating a mixed race called mestizos -
Period: to
England Settlement
Important people during this was Sir Walter Raleigh, John White, and Virginia Dare
Settlement: Roanoke- 1st attempt at English settlement and Founded on Roanoke island off coast of NC
The results were Virginia Dare – first baby born in America to English parents; Captain: John White sailed back to England for supplies. When he returned, he found the settlement empty.
*The word “CROATOAN” was carved into a tree. There were many theories of what happened to the people. -
Jamestown, Virginia
1st successful English settlement and it was founded by Virginia Company, it was primarily settled to make $ -
France Settlement
A key person during this event is Samuel de Champlain. During the settlement New France- (along the st. lawrence river and the great lakes).Quebec, Montreal- Canada; Detroit (Michigan), New Orleans (Louisiana). The results were Only catholics allowed in the new territory, except for French protestants; became fur trader; All decisions made by Monarch of France. -
Dutch Republic Settlement
Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Native Americans in exchange for traded goods valued at 60 guilders. The settlement was New Amsterdam- Hudson River. The results Offered huge land tracts called patroonships; obtained by bringing 50 tenants to the colony; Few restrictions on who could settle in New Amsterdam- kept settlers from being attracted to the area -
Puritan Dissent (Rodger Williams)
Believed in religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair treatment of the Native Americans He was considered a “separatist”, Banished in 1636 from Massachusetts, Left and established Providence, R.I on land he brought from the Native Americans -
New England Puritan
Puritan Dissent was banished. -
Puritans Dissent (Anne Hutchison)
Held private prayer meetings and challenged authority of Puritan ministers and leaders. Brought up on heresy charges in 1637; Banished from colony and moved to R.I -
Pequot War
Pequot Indians in Connecticut resisted while settlement; Pequot were virtually wiped out by the English -
Period: to
King Phillips War
Involve the Wampanoag Indians in the Plymouth Colony; They began to attack white settlements; Indians were defeated and marked the end to Indian Resistance in New England -
Period: to
French and Indian War
Great Britain and France were rivals for empire in North America, Settlers from both nationals had designs on setting the rich lands west of the Appalachian Mountains, often called the Ohio River Valley. The effects were France loses claims to Ohio River Valley to beat Britain and the balance of power in North America shifts to the British and their colonies. France also loses the Louisiana Territory and the city of New Orleans to Spain. British won and has all power. -
Proclamation of 1763
After French and Indian War, King George issues proclamation to organize new territory, cut off any expansion to the west. The effects were increased tensions and prevented colonists from moving West if Appalachian Mountains. -
Stamp Act
Printed materials must be printed on stamped paper and the people created “No taxation w/o representation”. People protested by Sons of Liberty (Ben Franklin, Sam Adams, Paul Revere with violence and intimidation -
Quartering Act
Parliament required colonist to provide living quarters (housing and supplies) British soldiers in the colonies and colonists resented giving housing to troops that were enforcing new taxes. -
Stamp Act Repealed
Stamp Act was repealed for being ineffective -
Boston Massacre
A clash between British troops and towns people in Boston -
The first Battle (Lexington and Concord)
British General Thomas Gage sent 700 soldiers to destroy guns and ammunition the colonists had stored in the town of Concord (outside of Boston) -
Declaration Of Independence
Listed all of the colonist grievances against the crown; explained why they were declaring independence .
This Proclaimed the USA was forevermore a free nation -
Battles Finally End (Treaty or Paris)
Americans won the war
War was officially ended with this document
- Great Britain acknowledged the US as a free nation -
Land Ordinanace
Congress sold land to make money
Divided land into 36 sq. mile units w/ Unit 16 set aside for schools
Divided the Ohio Territory -
Northwest Ordinance
Created guidelines for states to admitted
At 5000 settlers, territory could send a non-voting representative to Congress
At 6000 settlers, territory could apply for statehood
Outlawed slavery in the area. -
Judicary Act
No details for a court system in the Constitution
Federal law remained the “Supreme Law of the Land”
Washington wanted to set up a federal court system headed by a Supreme Court
Chief justice, five associate justices
More justices added over time -
Cotton Gin
Sped up the cleaning of seeds
Revolutionized the cotton crop
Demand for cotton from Great Britain for textile manufacturing
South becomes “Cotton Kingdom” & financially dependent on cash crops & slavery -
Jay's Treaty
-British began stopping US ships bound for France and impressing seamen (taking US sailors captive and forcing them to serve the British)
-Intended to hurt the French, but hurt US trade The treaty:
Chief Justice John Jay went to Britain and returned with a treaty
British agreed to stop impressing US sailors and to evacuate the NW Territory
Western settlers were angry - the treaty allowed the British to continue in the fur trade on the American side of the US-Canadian border -
Pinckney's Treaty
-Spain afraid of alliance between Great Britain and the US
-Spain barred the US from the lower part of the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans
-US needed Mississippi River to transport goods The Treaty:
Opened up the southern part of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
Established the northern border between Spanish Florida and the US -
Period: to
Amendments 11-27
Amendments added to the Constitution to protect the rights of citizens in the U.S -
Election of 1796
- John Adams elected as the 2nd president -Thomas Jefferson- his political rival, becomes Vice President
-
Interchangable Parts
Introduced with muskets in 1798
Henry Ford - Assembly Line
Parts of one musket could be used as parts for another musket
Basis for industrial development in the US -
Convection of 1800
-Meeting between United States and France over the Quasi-Wars - conflict in the Caribbean over shipping and trade
-Hostility between US and France following the XYZ Affair -
Second Great Awakening
Led by Charles G. Finney
A large religious movement swept the nation
Supported reforms in America -
Embargo Act of 1807
British impressments of US sailors continued, in spite of Jay’s Treaty
-British blockading US ships bound for France
-US did not want to get involved with problems between Britain and France
-President Jefferson declared an embargo(no trade) with Britain and France
Jefferson’s alternative to war
-Believed it would hurt Britain and other European countries and force them to accept American Neutrality
- Embargo actually hurt America more than Britain -
Erie Canal
Increase in trade, decrease in shipping rates and shipping time
Connected the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean -
Tariff of Abominations
Protective tariff designed to protect northern manufacturing from competition from cheaper British imports -
Election of 1828
Andrew Jackson elected president
Jackson defeated Adams in part as a result of the Tariff of Abominations -
Mechanical Repair
Made Harvesting wheat easier
Made by Cyrus McCormick -
Steel Plow
Allowed farmers to plow and grow crops in areas out west that’s land was too dry or hard -
The National Road
Stretched 800 miles west
By 1840, a network of roads connected most of the cities and towns in the US
Promoted travel and trade—AND SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST! -
The telegraph
Telegraph - device that sends messages using electricity through wires-Instant communication
Communication is revolutionized-whole different way of sending messages -
Texas
Texas becomes a slave state -
Wilmont Proviso
Proposed banning slavery from any land -
Period: to
Mexican War
Mexico upset over US annexation of Texas
-Polk sent troops to Texas border to settle US-Mexico border dispute and to negotiate the purchase of California and New Mexico
-Mexican president refused to talk, and war soon followed
-Congress declared war on May 12, 1846 - Mexico eventually surrendered
-War was ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo -
Mexican Cession
Mexico gave up New Mexico and California territories to the United States in exchange for payment
This resulted the Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo -
California Gold Rush
Gold was discovered in California in 1848
People rushed to California to “get rich quick” - they became known as “49’ers”
Huge population increase -
Gadsden Purchase
1853 - Land purchased to run a transcontinental rail
The Manifest Destiny was complete. -
First Battle of Bull Run
-First battle between the Union and Confederate army
was watched by citizens
Confederate victory!!! -
Antietam
- Antietam Creek, Maryland Bloodiest single day of the war 23,000 killed in one day UNION VICTORY for McClellan
-
Vicksburg
- Vicksburg, Mississippi Union wanted control of the Mississippi River UNION VICTORY
-
Frredericksburg
Frredericksburg,Virginia
- Large number of Union casualties
- CONFEDERATE VICTORY -
Chancellorsville
Chancellorsville, Virginia
- Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson killed
- CONFEDERATE VICTORY -
Emancipation Proclamation
Issued by Abraham Lincoln
-Freed the slaves in the confederate states while preserving slavery in the border states that were still loyal to the union
-Encouraged free African Americans to serve in the army
-Lincoln hoped to give the war a moral purpose – “preserve the Union”
Hoped to undermine the South’s reliance on slave labor
Ensure the support of England and France -
Election of 1864
- Lincoln in danger of not being reelected -Some northerners upset over the war -Democrats nominated George McClellan – former Union general to run for president Sherman’s capture of Atlanta showed non believers the war was close to being over Lincoln elected to a second term
-
Appomattox
- Grant surrounds Lee outside of Richmond, Va Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House – Virginia