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Christopher Columbus sailed in 1492
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-Refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds.
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Hernando Cortez
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Franciso pizzaro
-spain
-claimed new colonies for spain
-conquered the inca empire in peru -
Hernan de soto
-spain- conquistador
-Assisted Pizarro with the conquest of the Inca
-First to discover and cross the Mississippi River -
settlement
-Roanoke – 1st attempt at English settlement – “The Lost Colony” -
1607- founded by the Virginia company
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settlement
- conquered the native Americans and established new Spain. -
settlement:
-New France – along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes.
-Quebec,Montreal – Canada
-Detroit (Michigan), New Orleans (Louisiana) -
settlements:
- New Amsterdam-Hudson river
new York city, Albany, long island, new jersey -
Roger Williams
- Banished from Massachusetts in 1636
Anne Hutchinson
-Brought up on heresy charges in 1637 -
Pequot war:
-In 1637, Pequot were virtually wiped put by the English
King Phillip's War:
-Involved the Wampanoag Indians in the Plymouth Colony -
In 1754 the French built Fort Duquesne at the point where the Ohio River forms (modern day Pittsburgh).
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proclamation of 1763
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war officially ends with treaty of paris of 1763
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A clash between British troops and townspeople in Boston in 1770.
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On April 18, 1775, British General Thomas Gage sent 700 soldiers to destroy guns and ammunition the colonists had stored in the town of Concord, just outside of Boston.
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Significance: Proclaimed the United States of America was forevermore a free nation
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-Treaty of pairs
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congress sold tracts of land to raise money
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created guidelines for admission as states in the us
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1787 – Delegates met to revise the Articles of Confederation but decided to create a new constitution
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No details for a court system in the Constitution
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-First textile mills in America were opened by Samuel Slater in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1791
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Cotton gin- 1793 - cleaned the seeds out of cotton
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Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) v. John Adams (Federalist)
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Parts of one musket could be used as parts for another musket
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The Corps of Discovery left St. Louis, Missouri on May 14, 1804
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British impressments of US sailors continued, in spite of Jay’s Treaty
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Launched the first successful steamboat service in 1807
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-4th President of the US
-Democratic Republican
-Formerly a Federalist
-Led the nation into the
War of 1812 -
james madison reelected in 1812
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Causes:
-British military aid to Native Americans on the frontier
-British impressments of American sailors - Jay’s Treaty
-Embargo Act - Jefferson’s alternative to war
-War Hawks - Pushed for war with Great Britain -
-US was at war with Britain (War of 1812) and had just learned of victory against the British
-Treaty of Ghent, ending War of 1812, being signed -
5th president of the US
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Supreme Court (John Marshall) ruled that Congress had the right to establish a national bank under the Necessary and Proper (Elastic) Clause of the Constitution
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-The extension of slavery into new territories divides the North and South - conflict over state’s rights
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Mexico gained independence from Spain - Texas part of Mexico - 1821
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Stated American continents were no longer open to colonization - US would view any attempt as an act of aggression
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-Evidence of sectional differences within the US
-John Quincy Adams v. Andrew Jackson - both were Democratic Republicans
-Neither candidate received a majority of electoral votes in the Electoral College -
Supreme Court (John Marshall) ruled that only Congress had the power to regulate interstate commerce and foreign trade
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share everything live in harmony
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Protective tariff designed to protect northern manufacturing from competition from cheaper British imports
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andrew jackson elected president
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Congress passed the Indian Removal Act - authorized the removal of Native Americans from the SE United States
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led a group of settlers to Texas - Mexican government led by General Santa Anna exerted control over settlers – 1830s
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1831 - Caused the south to strengthen slave codes (laws restricting activities and conduct of slaves)
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Founded The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper - 1831
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pet banks a key issue of this election
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1832 - SC threatened to secede if the tariffs were not repealed
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The Cherokee appealed to the US Supreme Court
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Jackson enemies felt he acted like a king - “King Andrew”
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Made harvesting wheat easier
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Troops sent to round up Cherokee and move them to Oklahoma
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led the settlers into a rebellion - declared Texas independence - 1836
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Martin Van Buren (Democrat) elected president over William Henry Harrison (Anti-Masonic)
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Allowed farmers to plow and grow crops in areas out west that’s land was too dry or hard
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a network of roads connected most of the cities and towns in the US
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-Martin Van Buren - incumbent Democrat
-William Henry Harrison - Whig -
1841 - Based on transcendentalism
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-Signed in 1842 by Daniel Webster of US and Lord Ashburton of Great Britain
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Telegraph - device that sends messages using electricity through wires-Instant communication
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-President Polk approached Britain proclaiming “”54-40, or fight!” - claimed US had rightful claims to Oregon territory - 1844
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-Texas requested annexation to become part of the United States
-Texas becomes a slave state in 1845 -
-Proposed banning slavery from any land purchased from Mexico
-Upset the Southern states
-Not approved -
Elias Howe had the first patent on a sewing machine in the United States in 1846
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led the mormons west to utah for settlement in1847
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every man married to every woman- free love
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- Mexico gave up New Mexico and California territories to the United States in exchange for payment
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-Zachary Taylor (Whig) elected President over Lewis Cass (Democrat) and Martin Van Buren (Free-Soil)
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1848 - Stanton called for women to be given the right to vote
-first womens right convention -
gold was discovered
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Gold Rush of 1849 – Settlers moving west in search for gold
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acquisition of the Mexican territory, the extension of slavery once again becomes an issue
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-July 9, 1850 – President Zachary Taylor died of cholera
-VP Millard Fillmore became President -
Franklin pierce(democrat) elected president over winfield scott (whig) and john p. hale (free-soil)
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Land purchased to run a transcontinental railroad
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-Became part of the Republican Party after 1856
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James Buchanan (Democrat) elected president over John C. Fremont (Republicans) and Millard Fillmore (Whig & American {Know-Nothings}
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Lincoln win election with no southern electoral votes
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As a result of Lincoln’s victory in the Election of 1860, southern states begin to secede from the union.
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Union soldiers had one month of supplies remaining at Ft. Sumter, SC
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First battle between the Union and Confederate army
AKA- Manassas -
Antietam creek, Maryland
Bloodiest single day of the war -
Vicksburg, Mississippi
Union wanted control of the Mississippi river -
Anyone who would agree to cultivate 160 acres of land for 5 years would receive title to that land from the federal government
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States used money from sale of land to finance agricultural colleges
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-Fredericksburg, Virginia
-Dec. 1862
-Large number of Union casualties
-CONFEDERATE VICTORY -Chancellorsville, Virginia
-May 1863
-Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson killed
-CONFEDERATE VICTORY -
-Freed the slaves in the confederate states while preserving slavery in the border states that were still loyal to the union
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-Lincoln in danger of not being reelected
-Democrats nominated George McClellan – former Union general to run for president -
-Grant surrounds Lee outside of Richmond, Virginia
-Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House – Virginia -
congress passed with the intention of giving citizenship rights to African Americans
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Ulysses S. Grant elected in 1868
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-Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) reelected president over Horace Greeley (Democratic)
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Compromise of 1877 settled the issue of the winner
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-Democrats agreed to give Hayes the presidency
-Hayes elected as President
-Republicans agreed to end Reconstruction in the South -
Native Americans forced off the land
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Amendments added to the Constitution between 1795 and 1992 to protect the rights of citizens in the United States
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