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Crop Rotation and enclosed methods
Thought up by Lord Townshend who saw the un-inficiency of the current methods of farmings. It allows land to be used year around. It also seperated feilds so the seeds would not get trampled. -
Flying Shuttle
Created by John Kay. It significantly increased the efficiency of weaving because it sent the thread through the weave. -
French and Indian War
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French and Indian War
AKA the 7 Year War. A war between Great Britain and France over terriotry in Naroth America. The French where aided by Native Americans. Britain was victorious and the Treaty of Paris was sighned. France ceded New France to Great Britain, keeping Saint Pierre et Miquelon, and gives Louisiana to Spain -
Spinning Jenny
Created by James Hargraves. It allowed multiple threads to be woven together so it was more efficient. -
Steam Engine
Created by James Watt. It shifted the work of transportation from people and animals to machines. -
Proclamation of 1763
Issued by King George III it forebade settlers from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. This was to stablize relationships with Native Americans in the region with trade, territory purchases in the west and settlement of the land. -
Quartering Act
The British parliment declared that colonists must provide housing for British troops. Many colonies ae angered and New York refuses to comply. -
Sugar Act
Britain's Parliment placed a tax on sugar and other goods shipped to the coloies to help gain revenue. The previous Molasses Act had not gone over well to they halved the rate and increaced measures to enforce the tax.The colonist questions the motives of British Parliment and this began to set off the American Revolution. -
Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was put into effect by the British Parliment. It required that a tax be paid on the transfer of certain documents. People who payed the tax recieved a stamp that made the document legal. Many things fell under the stamp act including playing cards, patent medicines, cheques, mortgages, contracts and newspapers. -
Declatory Act
AKA American Colonies Act. This accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act. The declaration stated that Parliament's authority was the same in America as in Britain and asserted Parliament had authority to pass binding laws in America. -
Townshend Acts
A series of acts passed by the British government. Their purpose was to raise revenue so that judges and officials would be better paid to help enforce British laws. They where also passed to punish the province of New York for not complying to the Quartering Act. -
Water Frame
Created by Richard Arkwright. Water could now be harnessed to turn the spinning frame. -
Boston Massacre
British troops stationed in Boston killed 5 civilians and injured 6 others. The civilians had been in a mob that had been throwing snow, oyster shells and other things at the soldiers as well as yelling insults. The insident angered many colonists and was a major source of anti-British propaganda. -
2nd Continental Congress
Convention of delegates from all 13 colonies soon after the Revolution War. They managed the colonial war effort, moved the country towards independence and adopted the Declaration of Independence. -
Tea Act
The Tea Act made it so that the East India Company was the only supplier of tea to American colonists. This was to help alleviate their debt and overstocked wharehouses. -
Boston Tea Party
A political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston against the taxes of Britain and the East India Company. A group of colonist dressed as Native Americans boarded British tea ships and threw the tea into the Boston Harbor. -
Intolerable Acts
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Intolerable Acts
Massachussetts of self government and historicrights. This greatly angered the colonies and lead to the outbreak of the Revlolution. The 4 acts were the Quartering Act, Massachusetts Governing Act, Boston Port Act, Administrations of Justice Act, Quebec Act. -
1st Continental Congress
The 1st Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from 12 colonies (not including Georgia). It was created in responce to the Coerrsive or Intollerable Acts. They addressed how to handle the Acts, whether to petition the King, boycott goods, etc. -
Battles of Lexingon and Concord
The first military ingagements in the Revolutionary War. 700 British regulars faced militia from the colonies. Colonial victory marks the start of the American Revolutionary War. -
"Common Sense"
"Common Sense" was a propaganda pamphlet by Thomas Paine. It pushed for American independence from Britain in a time when people where very undecided on that topic. It was an instant success due to the nature of Paine's simple writting that everyone could understand and relate to. -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was a document that declared that the 13 states of Americ considered themselves a seperate country. -
Articles of Confederation
This document was an agreement between the 13 founding states to form the United States of America. The Aricles served a a constitution. It was written by the Continental Congress an was replace on March 9 1789. -
Water Loom
Created by Edmund Cartwright. It was the 1 machine that could weave cloth by itself limiting the need for workers. -
Shays' Rebellion
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Shays' Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion was an armed Rebellion lead by Daniel Shays. It was fueled by economic hardship, aggressive tax collection and fiscal policy. -
George Washinton's 1st Election
The first election of President Washinton. This was the first election under the Constitution. -
French Revolution
The French peasents revolted against their Monachs for their freedom. They took their ideas from the American Revolution in hopes that they to could be free of tyranny. -
Judiciary Act
The Judiciary Act of 1789 is a statute the established the Fedral Judiciary. -
Industrial Revolution
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Industrial Revolution
The transition between an Agrarian society to factories. It helped efficiency of creating things more easily. Sale surplus was also increased. -
George Washinton's 2nd Election
The second election of George Washington. He is the first president with 2 consecutive elections. -
Cotton Gin
Created by Eli Whitney. The Gin seperzted the seeds of cotton from the cotton fiber. -
Beheading of the French Monarchs
The French Monarchs King Louis XVI and Marie Antionete are beheaded in Place de la Révolution -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a tax protest. The tax was on leftover grain that would be used to make whiskey. Protestors closed the courts that had been trying farmers who had not payed the tax. -
Pickney's Treaty
Also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid. This treaty established a relationship of friendliness between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. -
Jay's Treaty
Also know as the British Treaty and the Treaty of Paris. The treaty ended the fighting tof the American Revolution and facilitated 10 years of peceful trade during the French Revolution. -
Adams Election date
Adams was the 2nd president of the U.S. He was also the first president not to be re-elected. -
XYZ Affair
A diplomatic episode between America and France in response to France's seizing of U.S. ships. Adams sent 3 diplomats to talk with Prime Minister Tallyrand and negotiate peace. They were confronted by three French diplomats who's names were replaced with XYZ. The French damanded payment to meat Tallyrand and the U.S. declined. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Aliean and Sedition Acts were 2 acts during John Adams presidency. The Aliean Act made it extreamly hard to immigrate to the U.S. The Sedition Act forbade press releases agains the government. They caused much contoversy among the people and were eventually repealed -
Mississippi Territory- Government set-up
Mississippi becomes a territory. It's government consisted of a governor, secretary of the governer and 3 judges. Washington, Mississippi, served as the territorial capital. -
Kentucky and Virginia Resolution
2 political statements that declared that the Aliean and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. They were secretly written by Jefferson and Madison and sent to President Adams. -
Interchangeable Parts
Created by Eli Whitney. He created interchangable parts that were used to created guns for the French Revolution. -
Division of North-West Territory into 2 parts.
The territory was originally just one but then i was split into two states. -
Jefferson's Election date
First Election date of Jefferson. Jefferson was elected twice. -
Barbary War
Also known as the Tripolitan War or the Barbary Coast War.The first of two wars between the United States and the Northwest African Berber Muslim states known collectively as the Barbary States. -
Steam Boat
Created by Robert Fulton. Transported cotton more efficiently and changed the work of transportation from humans and animals to machines. -
12th Ammendment
The 12th ammendment solves the problem of the President and Vice President being in different parties. It puts the President and Vice President into one ballot. -
Napoleon Becomes Emperor
Napolean Bonaparte become the leader of the French Nation after their previous King was executed. Napolean was one of the people but rose to take control so the people followed him as one of thier own. -
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson purchase the Louisiana territory from Napolean. It secures the Louisiana Port doubles the size of the U.S. The entire purchase cost of 15 million dollar (3 cents per acre). -
Slave importations become illegal
The Act prohibited the importation of new slave to America. It was however still allowed to keep slaves. -
Chesapeake Incident
The British ship Leapord attacked the American ship Cheapeake to re-capture british sailors. The Chesapeake surrendered after just one shot. -
Embargo Act
A general embargo on France and British trade. It hurt the American economy more than the Economy of France and British. The British and French realized how little they needed America while America relized they needed their trade. It was eventually repealed in -
War of 1812
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War of 1812
A war between Britain and the U.S. It was considered the second Revolutionary War. It was fought to stop the impressment of American sailors. The U.S. gained glory and and a place as an international power. -
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Improvment of Transportation
The North had more surplus product due to the cotton gin so they needed more transportation for trade. -
Missouri Compromise
Missouri wanted to become a state but that would upset the balance of slave vs free states. Congress decided that states above the Mason Dixon line would be free while below would be slave and 2 states would be admitted at the same time. -
Steam Locomotive
Created by Robert Fulton. Transported goods for efficiency and transfered the work from humans and animals to machines. -
Nullification Crisis
The Crisis caused by the Tariff. Carolina was hit hardest and tried to nullify the Tariff but they didn't succeed so they nicknamed the crisis. -
Tariff of Abomination
Protective tariff that caused English goods to be more expensive. SOutherners where angered becauase now they had to by the more expensive northern goods. -
Indian Removal Act
Jackson sighned a law into effect that forced the Native American to vacate Georgia. -
Nat Turner Rebellion
Turner was frusterated by treatment of slaves. He claimed to have a "vision from God" and gathered other slaves. They killed 55 whites in their rampage but the rebellion was queled after a few days. -
Worchester vs Virginia
Georgia wanted to force the last remaining Natives off their land. The president used military action to move them and it was called the "Trail of Tears" -
Jackson and the 2nd National Bank
The 2nd National Bank was corrupt and wasn't able to back peoples investments. Jackson put the money into many smallerbanks and called it the Federal Reserve. -
Political Parties
Many Political Parties where formed because of different views on slavery. Other parties where formed in 1843 &1854 -
Telegraph (Morse) Code
Created my Samuel Morse. A secret code of dots and lines that allowed for secret comunication between US battle units. -
Texas Independence
Texas wanted to become a state in the US so they suceeded from Mexico and wanted to join the Union. -
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Mexican-American War
Mexico and the US had a dispute over the southern border of the Texan border. The US won the war and made MExico relinquish a lot of land. -
California Gold Rush
Gold was found in California and 100s flocked to the land. Many people got rich early but many others weren't lucky and arrived to late. -
Compromise of 1850
California wanted to be a state but it was half way on either side of the Mason Dixon Line. The people wanted to be admitted as free but the South was angered. Congress decided that California and DC would be free and no new laws would be allowed concerning the new territory from Mexco -
Fugitive Slave Act
Part of the Compromise of 1850. It declared that all slaves would be returned to their masters even if they where in free territory. It was aimed to balalnce out the free and slave state power. -
Underground Railroad- Abolitionist Movement
Caused by the increased slave laws many slaves ran to Canada. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe wanted to educate the north about slavery. Many copies where sold and the North was infuriated by the treatment of the slaves. -
Kansas Nebraska Act
Tensions between north and south pushed Congress to pass another bill. This new bill allowed states in the Mexican Territory to vote on if they were slave or free. -
Charles Sumner Attacked
Charles Sumenr was attecked in senate by Preston because of his outspokenness agains slavery. -
Dredd Scott vs Sanford
Dredd Scott was a slave in free territory when his master died and he sued for his freedom because he believedhe was legally free. He wasn't allowed a trail because slaves are not under the Constitution so they "don't have that right" -
John Brown and Harpers Ferry
John Brown (abolitionist) raided the Harpers Ferry Armory in retaliation to slavery. He was captured as a result and hung for murder. -
Homestead Act
The US Govenrment wanted people to the west so they offered up land at cheap prices for harming, it would belong to the govenrment for a while but eventually the owners would pay fro it. -
Election of Abraham Lincoln
Southern candidates divided the vote so Lincoln ,who only recieved 40%of the vote, won. THe south succedded as a result. -
Battle at Fort Sumter
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Battle at Fort Sumter
Fought through the 14th. The Confederate army attacks Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. The Union eventually surrenders after a 2 day bombartdment. This battle marks the start of the Civil War. -
First Manassas
AKA, First Battle of Bull Run. The first battle in the Civil War. Fought near the town on Manassas in Fairfax and Prince William counties, Virginia. Confederate Victory. -
Battle of Shiloh
AKA Battle of Pitsburg Landing. Fought until Aprl 7th. in Hardin Couonty Tennessee Confedarate (Beuregard) appear to be winning first day, eventually loose to Grant. About 23,730 lives lost and men wounded -
Battle of Antietam
AKA Battle of Sharpsburg. Bloodiest single day in American History with 22,717 losses. Fought near Sharpsburg Maryland on Antietam Creek. McClellan attacks Lee and doesn't follow when Lee leaves the baattle feild. It was a tactiacl draw but strateigic Union victory because Lee left the field. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln proclaims that all slaves on confedarate land are and forever will be free. It was not legally binding (13th ammendment) but southerners still feared rebellion. Slaves in border states (slave but part of union) are not freed. -
Gettysburg Battle
Fought through the 3rd of July. Fought near Gettysburg Virginia. Largest number of casualties in the Civil War. Often described as the wars turning point. It ended Lee's invasion into the north, ending in Union victory. -
Gettysburg Address
Speech by Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg battlefield. Delivered in just over 2 minutes and about 300 words. Considered at the time to be an aweful speech it is now very iconic. It was focussed over bringing the union back together into a new country. -
Sherman's march to the sea
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Sherman's march to the sea
AKA Savannah Campaighn. Lead by General Sherman of the Union to captue Atlanta and Savannah Georgia. Sherman's forces distroyed military, civilian and industrial property in the south following the "Scorched Earth" policy. This march distroyed the souths ability to wage war. -
Appomatox Courthouse
Battle of Appomatox fought in the morning. Lee surrenders to Grant that afternoon in the parlour of the McClean house in Virginia. This was a decisive Union victory and surrender of the largest southern army. Official surrender ceremony too plac on the 21st. -
Lincoln assasination
Lincoln is assasinated at Ford's Theater in Washington D.C. Lincoln was shot in the back of the head by John Wilkes Booth a well known actor. Other plots included the assasinations of John Seward and Andrew Johnson. The attacks where supposed to revive the Confederate cause but failed. -
13th Amendement
The 13th ammendment outlawed slavery and all ther forms of involeantery survitude, exept for punishment of a crime. It was the first of 3 reconstructive ammendments passed after the Civil War. It was the legalization of the Emancipation Proclamation. -
Civil Rights Act of 1867
The Civil Rights act granted the same freedoms and rights that whites had to all black citizens. President Johnson vtoed the bill but the veto was overturned by congress. -
14th Amendement
The 14th ammendment stated that everyone born in the US is citizen. It also stated th governments could not deprive people of life liberty and the persuit of happiness. As well as that the government must protect everyone under their jurisdiction equally. 2nd of 3 Reconstruction Ammendments. -
15th Ammendment
The 15th ammendment states that the government does not have the right to deny the right to vote due to race, color or previous servitude. Congress could enforce it by appropriate legislation. 3rd of 3 Reconstruction Ammendments. -
KKK Act of 1871
Directed at the KKK and other white supremist groups to combat their actions. It made it easier to punish member of these groups. It was sighned into law by Ulysses S Grant. -
Compromise of 1877
THe compromise of 1877 stated that Republican Ruther B Hayes would win the election if he promised to stop reconstruction and remove troops from the south. The compromise was necissary because Hayes recieved the majority of the popular vote while his opponent Tilden recieve the electoral votes needed to win.
