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Was formed by the Virginia Company of London in 1607. It was the first permanent English settlement in North America.
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1st elected assembly. It still operates today as the "General Assembly"
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Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, to aid in the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco.
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A document where Piligrims agreed to obey laws created for the general good. Created a "Covenant community - a communite based on bthe promises found in the Mayflower Compact
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English(Anglo)-French rivalry led to the conflict. Both countries wanted the land west of tje Appalachians & in Canada.
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England gained the land of the Appalachians.
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England prohibited colonies from settling west of the Appalachians.
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Placed tax on legal documents.
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Colonists & British soldiers competed over jobs. One evening, mob of anti-British demonstrators formed. British troops fired into the mob. 5 colonists died.
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England put restrictions on tea. Colobists boarded tea ships in Boston. They threw tea into the water.
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Was held in Philadelphia. Issued a statement of colonial rights. Urged colonies to form militians. Was the 1st time almost all 13 colonies acted together like a unified country.
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Created Continental Army. George Washington was general.
Issued the "Olive Brench Petition"
-Final oeace offered
-Rejected -
British troops attacked a colonial weapons stockpile. Minutemen assembled. Fighting erupted. 1st skirmish of the war.
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-Issued by the Continental Congress.
-Written by Thomas Jefferson
-The colonist officialy separated from England -
The 13 newly independent states united into one country.
American political leaders adopted a weak national government as they were feared of strong one like that of England. -
Time period during which the U.S. wasunder the Articles of Confederation.(1781-1788)
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1st Victory of American/French army
-French Gen, Merquis de Lafayette developed a plan
-The French navy blocked the exit of tje Chesapeake Bay
-Americans/French surrpunded Cornwallis/British -
-England acknowelwdged American independence
-The United States boundaries: Atlantic ocean to Mississippi River -
Established a plan for surveying the western lands
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Called to settle dispures among states over commerce
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Debt-ridden farmers in Massachusets rebel die to high taxes
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For four months, 55 delegates from the several states met to frame a Constitution for a federal republic that would last into “remote futurity.”
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Created 2-house Congress
1.Senate
-Each state gets 2 senators
2.House of Representatives
-Based on population -
Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person when determining a stste's representation in House of Representatives
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Provided the process for the creation and admission western lands.
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George Washington was the first President of the United States, the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
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Set up the Court system
Three exective departments were created
-Department of State, Traesury and War -
-The first 10 amendments
-Deals with rights/liberties
-Written by James Madison -
inventor: Eli Whitney
Made cotton-growing very profitable
Deep South became a "Cotton Kingdom " -
Was the second president of the United States (1797–1801)
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1st peaceful transfer of power from one party to another
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Jefferson bought the territory that included the land from the Mississippi river to the Roockt mountains from France. It doubled the size of U.S.
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The case
-Marshall declared a law unconstitutional
Importance
-Established the power of judicial review -
Causes
-British interference with American shiping
-British aid to Indians in the West
-U.S. wins -
The Case
-Marshall upheld the federal government's right to edtablish a bank
-Said a State could mediate between states and the federal government -
-Time when democracy in the U.S. expanded and more peoplegot involved in the electoral process
-Americans no longer let aristocrats make all the decisions -
Was a strong Leader of Women's suffrage movement
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Devided LA Purchase at l 36°30′
Noth of line- free
South of line- slave -
The Case
-The Court overturned a steamboat monopoly
Importance
-Confirmed the federal government's power oer commerce -
Key ideas
-WSarned Europe against:
-future colonization in the Americas
-interference in any independent country in the Western Hemisphere
Said the West was different from Europe
Said the U.S. wouldn't interfere in European affairs -
-Personified the "democratic" spirit of the age
-Challenged the economic elite
-Used The Spoils System a lot
-Was leader of a new political party: the Democratic Party -
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy.
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-This law was passed at Jacson's request
-It forced all Indians east of the Mississippi River to move Indian Territory -
The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation into the United States of America of the Republic of Texas, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state.
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-Alamo: old mission house
-Texans fortified themselves there
-Mexican general Santa Anna attacked with superior forces
-They fought until their last man died -
The Battle of San Jacinto, fought on April 21, 1836, in present-day Harris County, Texas, was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution.
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- Part of the Compromise of 1850
- Made it easier for Southern slave owners to recapture slaves that had escaped to the North
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is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War
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-Bool by Harriet Beecher
-Was published in 1852
-Portrayed the evils of slavery
-Was widely read
-Increased support in the North for abolition -
Indians would be forced to live onto smaller and smaller reservations
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-A slave named Dred Scott sued for freedom after being taken into free territory by his owner
-The Supreme Court ruled that;
African Americans aren't citizens so he had no right to sue
Congress had no right to ban the spread of slavery in the territoried -
-Main issue; slavery
-Abraham Lincoln, a republican, won -
-Fort Sumter was in South Carolina but it remained under Union control
-Canfederates fired on Union ships that were there to ressuply Fort Sumter
-This was the first battle of the Civil War -
-LAw that gave free public land in the West in 160 acre plots
-Only condition: settlers ghad to use it for ata least 5 years
-Purpose: encourage Americans to settle the West -
was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. It is the bloodiest single-day battle in American history.
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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
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The Battle of Vicksburg, Mississippi, was the culmination of a long land and naval campaign by Union forces to capture a key strategic position during the American Civil War.
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The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war's turning point.
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a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, one of the best-known in American history.It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War, at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
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Reconstruction generally refers to the period in United States history immediately following the Civil War in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union.
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The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
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The Battle of Appomattox Court House, fought on the morning of April 9, 1865, was the final engagement of Confederate States Army General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the Union Army under Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and one of the last battles of the American Civil War.
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Lincoln was the first American president to be assassinated. The assassination of Lincoln was planned and carried out by the well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth, as part of a larger conspiracy in a bid to revive the Confederate cause.
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The Confederate States Presidential Election of 1867 set the stage for the path of the country going forward, particularly as regards to slavery. Two new parties were born, the Confederate Party of General Robert E. Lee and the Patriot Party of Nathan Bedford Forrest.
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Gave citezenship rights to African Americans
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The Knights of Labor was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s.The Knights promoted the social and cultural uplift of the workingman, rejected Socialism and radicalism, demanded the eight-hour day, and promoted the producers ethic of republicanism.
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Gave African Americans right to vote
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The Jim Crow laws were racial segregation laws enacted after the Reconstruction period in Southern United States
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Plan under which Indians would be forced to adopt American culture
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Banned entry of almost all Chinese
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The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was the first federation of labor unions in the United States. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio, in May 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor association.
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A labor protest rally near Chicago's Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day.
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-Goal: Americanize the Indians
-Brokeup reservations and divided them into individual plots
-Legally abolished tribes -
The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that flourished from the 1890s to the 1920s.
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-Prevented "any business structure that restrained trade"
-Goal: outlaw trusts
-Wasn't successful -
The Homestead Strikewas an industrial lockout and strike The battle was one of the most serious disputes in U.S. labor history,
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The American Railway Union was the largest labor union of its time, and one of the first industrial unions in the United States.
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The Pullman Strike was a nationwide railroad strike in the United States in the summer of 1894. It pitted the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman Company, the main railroads, and the federal government of the United States under President Grover Cleveland.
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lessy v. Ferguson, is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal.
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The Spanish–American War was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, the result of American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.
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outlined by Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Note, proposed to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis; thus, no international power would have total control of the country.
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The Treaty of Paris of 1898was an agreement that resulted in the Spanish Empire's surrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, the island of Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. The cession of the Philippines involved a payment of $20 million from the United States to the Spanish Empire.
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The Boxer Rebellion, took place in China towards the end of the Qing dynasty between 1898 and 1900. It was initiated by the Militia United in Righteousness (Yihetuan), known in English as the "Boxers," and was motivated by proto-nationalist sentiments and opposition to foreign imperialism and associated Christian missionary activity. The Great Powers intervened and defeated Chinese forces.
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U.S. asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs
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TR added to Monroe Doctrine:
-reminded Europe not to interfere
-said U.S. would use force to protect its interests in LAtin America -
Period when many African-Americans moved from the rural south to Northern cities
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-Created federal income tax
-Is a "Progressive tax"
-higher incomes pay higher rate -
The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.
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-Creates FTC
-Investigates business practises -
the First World War was a global war centred in Europe.More than 9 million combatants and 7 million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and tactical stalemate. It stalemate. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, paving the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.
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-TR encouraged Panama to break from Colombia
-Panama succedeed
-Panama gave the U.S. right to build a canal
-Connected The Atlanticv and PAcific oceans -
-Expanded Sherman Anti-Trust Act
-Outlaws price-fixing
-Extempts unions from Sherman Act -
for 3 years U.S. remaind neutral
The U.S. had close ties with Britain and because of continuing German submarine warfare, America entered war. -
Wilson's peace plan
-Goal:eliminate the causes of war -
1.Punishment of Germany
2.Mandates
3.National boundaries were redrawn
-Created 9 new nations
4.League of Nations -
Banned alcohol use
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Women received right to voe.
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-Put a quota on how many immgrants could come from each country
-Allowed more from "Old Immigrant" areas than "New Immigant areas"
-Effect: basicaly enfed immigration for several decades -
Explosion of black intellectual and cultural life
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-TN teacher John Scopes was tried for teaching evolution
-Trial sparked a national debate over evolution -
The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the American history.
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America’s 31st president, took office in 1929, the year the U.S. economy plummeted into the Great Depression. Although his predecessors’ policies undoubtedly contributed to the crisis, which lasted over a decade, Hoover bore much of the blame in the minds of the American people.
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the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, when taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its fallout.
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The New Deal was a series of domestic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938.The programs were in response to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, and Reform. That is Relief for the unemployed and poor; Recovery of the economy to normal levels; and Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt was the only U.S. president to be elected four times. He led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II.
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a United States government corporation operating as an independent agency.It provides deposit insurance guaranteeing the safety of a depositor's accounts in member banks.
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a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the US prairies during the 1930s.
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It established the National Labor Relations Board and addressed relations between unions and employers in the private sector.
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An act to provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the several States to make more adequate provision for aged persons, blind persons, dependent and crippled children, etc.
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The FLSA introduced the forty-hour work week,established a national minimum wage,
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was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States from 1935 to 1955.
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Stalin and Hitler agreed not to attack each other.
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Germany's invasion was the last cause.France and Britain declared war on Germany,
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This Selective Service Act required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register with local draft boards. Later, when the U.S. entered World War II, all men aged 18 to 45 were made subject to military service, and all men aged 18 to 65 were required to register
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Under the codename Operation "Barbarossa," Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, in the largest German military operation of World War II.
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The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II.
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Next day after the attack on Pearl Harbor FDR send a request to Congress to Declare war on Japan.
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On June 6, 1944, more than 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline, to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower called the operation a crusade in which, “we will accept nothing less than full victory.” More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, and by day’s end, the Allies gained a foot-hold in Continental Europe.
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was a major German offensive campaign launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France, and Luxembourg on the Western Front toward the end of World War II in Europe.
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was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.
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the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces.[1] It thus marked the end of World War II in Europe.
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Americans broke Japanese code and found out that Japan was going to attack the Midway.The U.S. navy beat a larger Japanese force.Ended threat to Hawaii.
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On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima to end war. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people
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The bombing of Nagasaki on August 9th was the last major act of World War Two and within days the Japanese had surrendered.
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Held for the purpose of bringing Nazi war criminals to justice, the Nuremberg trials were a series of 13 trials carried out in Nuremberg, Germany, between 1945 and 1949.
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The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States.
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In 1973 the last U.S. troops left Vietnam
Vietnamization failed
1975-war ended-North & South Vietnam were merged under communist control
