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Congress of Radical Equality Founded
Civil Rights:outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
Founded in Chicago in 1942 by a group of students, CORE was committed to nonviolent direct action as a means of change
Another key group, the National Urban League, formed in response to the Great Migration of blacks to northern cities in the early 1900s. -
Jackie Robinson Hired to the Brooklyn Dodgers
Color Line: A imaginary Barrier separating Whites and Blacks
Jackie Robinson began his baseball career in the Negro Leagues after World War II
In 1945, Robinson crossed the color line when Brooklyn Dodgers general manager Branch Rickey hired him. -
Executive Order 9981
-Segregation: the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart.
-an executive order issued by President Harry S. Truman in 1948 ending segregation in the military
-Many Americans worked tirelessly for various organizations dedicated to achieving equal rights. -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
Nation Of Islam: an African American political and religious movement
Malcolm X: An African American Man that was Murdered for what he was fighting for
One of the leaders of this change was a former convict named Malcolm X.
Malcolm X drifted into a life of crime during his teenage years. Eventually he was arrested and jailed -
Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
Thurgood Marshall: Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
the 1954 Supreme Court ruling declaring that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional
The Brown case was a class-action lawsuit, a lawsuit filed by people on behalf of themselves and a larger group who might benefit. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
-Boycott:When people withdraw from social relations as a means of protest
-Rosa Parks: An African american lady that wouldn't give her spot up on the bus to a white man
-African American People had to give their spots up on the bus so white people could sit in the front
-On December 5, a sign at a Montgomery bus stop read, “People, don't ride the bus today. Don't ride it, for freedom.” On that day, 90 percent of African Americans who usually rode the bus honored the boycott -
Birmingham Campaign
SCLC: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was formed in 1957 just after the Montgomery Bus Boycott had ended -The Southern Christian Leadership Conference's (SCLC) main aim was to advance the cause of civil rights in America but in a non-violent manner. -
Integration of Central High School
Little Rock Nine: The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School
-In 1957, a federal judge ordered public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas, to begin desegregation
-Citing public opposition to integration in Arkansas, Governor Orval Faubus declared that he would not support desegregation in Little Rock -
First Lunch Counter Sit-ins
-Sit-in: Sitting in a public facilities as a means of peaceful protesting
-Jim Crow Laws: Laws that made racial segregation ok in the south
- African American College kids went into Woolsworth everyday and was refused service
-These students were often attacked by white customers and store owners -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Affirmative Action:an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination
-Affirmative action was first introduced by President John F. Kennedy
-President Richard Nixon took affirmative action a giant step further. -
Freedom Rides
Civil Disobedience: the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
-CORE abandoned the Freedom Rides, but SNCC continued them
- CORE's leader, James Farmer, proclaimed victory for the Freedom Rides. -
March on Washington
NAACP: The NAACP, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People,
-When his application was rejected, Meredith turned to the NAACP to help him take his case through the courts
-At first, a district court ruled against him -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
.Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896 case that determined Seperate but equal facilities
- Origanaly kennendys
-Civil Rights act banned discrimination -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Disenfranchise: To be deprived the right to vote.
-African american people marched into City Hall to get their voting rights
- Undeterred by the violence of Freedom Summer, activists continued their registration campaign -
Black Panther Party Founded
Black Power: A slogan used by African American Organization
SCNN: The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), formed to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement
In October of 1966, in Oakland California, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Discrimination: the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories
-Banning Racial Discrimination in Housing Before his death, King had shifted his focus from integration to economic equality
-This law included a fair-housing component that banned discrimination in housing sales and rentals
