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In 1500, A Portuguese captain named Pedro Alvares Cabral tried to replicate Vasco Da Gama's journey from Africa India but instead landed in South America and then credited for establishing Brazil. -
On May 11, 1502, Chrisopher Columbus set out on his 4th voyage to the new world to try and find uncharted areas and finding a path to the Orient. However, when exploring southern central America, his ships disintegrated, leaving them stranded for a year. -
In 1519, Spanish conquistadors, led by Hernan Cortes, arrived at the coast of Mexico. They had made an alliance with other city states what disliked the Aztecs. They marched to Tenochtitlan with a small army of soldiers. They easily took down the Aztecs since the Aztecs were so surprised and unfamiliar with their firearms, canons, steel swords and their metal armor. -
Spanish forces under the command of Hernan Cortes landed at Veracruz, on the Gulf of Mexico. Cortes marched towards Tenochtitlan with his troops, and as he went, he made alliances with multiple city-states that grew tired of the Aztec’s oppressive rule, the most important of which was with Tlaxcala. When Cortes arrived in Tenochtitlan he was welcomed by Montezuma, the Aztec monarch at the time, who was intrigued by the uniqueness of the Spaniards.
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In September 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail to find a sea passage through the Americas. Ferdinand Magellan died in 1521, but Juan Sebastian Elcano continued his trip and crossed through the Atlantic, Pacific, and the Indian Ocean. This made them know as the first person to completely sail around the globe.
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Sponsored by King Francis I of France Verrazzano sails across the Atlantic Ocean on the ship La Dauphine. He spotted the land of what is known today as Cape Fear, North Carolina. He continues to sail southward, but then decides to sail north landing at what is now Cape Hattera. Having failed to find an entrance to the Pacific Ocean Verrazzano continues north and reaches the upper portion of the present-day New York harbor. -
Vasco Da Gama was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the tip of Africa, or the Cape of Good Hope and stopped at the harbor of Calicut. Da Gama and his men were persecuted by the merchants of Calicut and had to fight his way out of the harbor to return to Portugal. Then he went back with a squadron of ships to avenge his allies and was successful in defeating the inhabitants of Calicut. Afterwards he was sent as a viceroy to India.
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Francisco Pizarro and his brothers have aways been attracted to amazing rich and wealthy kingdoms. In 1529, Francisco got permission from the Spanish Monarchy to conquer the land in Peru. They landed in the Coast of South America in 1532 with around 180 men and a bunch of steel weapons. With their advance weapons, they executed Atahualpa and took down Inca's capital and establishing a new capital at Lima for their new colony..
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Jacques Cartier was a French explorer that made 3 voyages to the new world. During the trip in 1534, he found and claimed Canada for France.
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King Francis I of France sponsors Jacques Cartier to explore the northernlands in hopes of finding spices, gold, and a route to Asia. Cartier receives the commission and reached North America a few weeks later. Then as he sailed along the coast of Newfoundland, he goes on to discover the St. Lawrence river and the gulf of St. Lawrence. -
Hernando de Soto was a Spanish Conquistador that discovered the Mississippi River. Him and his men built rafts and became the first to cross the river and sail down the river. -
In an expedition made by the queen, Drake was chosen to lead the expedition to pass around South America. Drake successfully completed the journey and was knighted by the queen. -
Under the leadership of Samuel de Champlain, the French empire established a trading post in Acadia and Quebec. This became the center of where New France would be built upon. -
In 1607, around a hundred people were in a journey with the Virginia Company and they Founded the first permanent English settlement called, Jamestown. -
During an expedition in 1610, Hudson spent months exploring the eastern shores and then mapping out the island of Manhattan.
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The British East India Company sponsored Henry Hudson’s last voyage, he sailed from London on the ship Discovery. He was sailing to find the northwest passage, and entered through an inlet he believed to be a potential entry point. This inlet became known as the Hudson Strait, running between Bafflin island and Northern Quebec. Hudson believed that the inlet would lead to the Pacific Ocean, but the inlet had actually opened up to a huge bay. This bay became known as the Hudson Bay. -
Dutch settlements were established in the continent of North America and was named New Netherland. The colony stretched from the mouth of modern-day Hudson River to as far north as modern-day Albany, New York. The resources for trade, limited to animal furs, combined with its remote outposts did not encourage further settlement leading to the colony never flourishing. -
Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon was an experience sailor, him and his crew set sail and became the first European to discover New Zealand. -
New France was a territory in North America that was colonized by France. Its main purpose was to use its land to extract resources. The colony eventually becomes a royal province, gaining its own governor, military commander, and soldiers. The population started to grow and the colony started to develop further. -
In 1664 the English fleets took over the colony of New Netherland from the Dutch and renamed it to New York.