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A promised land?
The first 20 Africans are brought to America to become (SESLAV) ___________________________ . Millions more will follow and (SERLVAY)___________________________ is accepted in the US constitution. -
A peculiar institution
By now, all of the northern states have __________________ (LOBASHEID) slavery (a process that started in Vermont in 1777), but the "peculiar institution*" is still central to the (ENCOOSMIE) __________________ of 11 southern states. *Peculiar institution (of slavery): la pratique de l'esclavage. Expression qui désignait l'esclavage en tant que pratique caractéristique des États sudistes américains avant la Guerre de Sécession. -
The Great Emancipator
Abraham Lincoln, an (TOSNIIABOLTI)__________________ is elected president. Eleven southern states (in favour of slavery) secede* from the USA to form the Confederate States of America. This leads to Civil War . *leave -
A bitter victory
The Civil War ends with the North victorious and the US constitution is amended* to ban* slavery and guarantee equal rights and the vote to blacks. 4 millions slaves are freed by the 13th (AMEDNTMEN) __________________ . However, though they are no longer slaves they are still __________________ (DICSIRMIANTED) against. The Ku Klux Klan, a white (SUPCARTMSEI) __________________ group, is formed. *to modify
*to ban: to forbid, prohibit -
"Equal protections of the laws"
Passed by the Senate on June 8th, 1866, and approved two years later, the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution grants (CNIITZSHIPE) __________________ to all persons born or naturalized in the United States —including former slaves— and guarantees all citizens “equal protection of the laws.” -
The 15th Amendment
Passed by Congress on February 26th, 1869, and ratified on February 3rd, 1870, the 15th amendment granted African American men the right to ________________ (OVET). -
The Jim Crow Laws
Southerners refuse to mix with black people. So former slave states introduce local laws __________________ (SERGEGIANTG) blacks and restricting their (FEDOEMRS) __________________ . They are called “Jim Crow” or “(NREGO) __________________” laws. They deprive* African-Americans of their civil rights (like the right to vote). These laws defined blacks as second-class citizens or non-citizens. *Deny, take away -
Separate but equal?
The Supreme Court* declares that (RALCAI) __________________ segregation is legal, saying that races can be "separate but equal". There are signs everywhere saying "whites only", "coloured", "negroes". *Supreme court: elle comprend 9 membres, dont le Chief Justice. Les juges sont nommés à vie par le Président, après accord du Sénat. Ils s'assurent de la constitutionnalité des lois adoptées par le Congrès américain. -
N.A.A.C.P.
Black leaders found the National Association for the (ADVNTEMCEEN) __________________ of (COLREOD)__________________ People. Its mission in the 21st century is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination". -
Brown v. Board of Education
The NAACP wins a landmark case* in the Supreme Court, Brown v. Board of Education, which declares segregated schooling to be (UNOTSTCNAONTIUIL) __________________ . *landmark case: affaire qui fait jurisprudence, expression qui signifie qu'un organe juridictionnel a rendu une décision inédite concernant une solution à un problème juridique donné ; et qu'ultérieurement, les juridictions saisies du même problème ont tranché le litige dans le même sens. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks is __________________ (SERRATED) for not giving up her seat to a white passenger on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. A year-long (BOTOCYT) __________________ of the Montgomery bus company follows, led by Martin Luther King. He is influenced by Gandhi's non-violent methods. A year later, the buses are desegregated on December 21st 1956. -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges becomes the first black (STETUND) __________________ to integrate a formerly* segregated white school. *formerly: previously -
A famous speech
Martin Luther King delivers his famous speech, "I have a ________________ (READM) " on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. -
The Civil Rights Act
A decade of (PRETOST) __________________ culminates in the Civil Rights Act, protecting citizens against (DCIIRTNMIINSAO) __________________ on the basis of race, religion or sex. -
The Voting Rights Act
The Voting Rights Act _______________ (OULTAWS)* the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. It wasn't until then that Black women were in-practice able to exercise their right to vote. *: interdire, proscrire, rendre hors la loi -
The Black Panthers
The Black Power movement, exemplified by the Black Panther political party*, rejects non-(IOVEELNC)__________________ in the (STLRGUGE) __________________ for true racial equality. *Black Panther Party: parti politique afro-américain, dont le but d'origine était de patrouiller dans les quartiers pour protéger les résidents des bavures policières. Il était pour le port des armes par les Noirs américains. Le BPP a également créé de nombreux programmes d'aides communautaires pour les noirs. -
A tragedy
Martin Luther King is __________________ (SASSASIANEDT) in Memphis, Tennessee. Rioting* breaks out* in more than 100 cities. *Rioting: violent disorder
*To break out: explode -
Rodney King
Los Angeles erupts* into violence when four policemen are _________________ (AQUICDETT) after savagely beating a black man, Rodney King. By the end of the rioting, 55 people are dead and 2,300 injured. *To erupt: to explode -
Barack Obama
Barack Obama becomes the (TIFSR) __________________ African American to be elected president. -
Black Lives Matter
The Black Lives Matter movement is born in response to the frequent (ALTFA) __________________ shooting of (UNMDAER) __________________ blacks by police and white civilians*. *Civilians: non-military persons -
George Floyd
Minneapolis police __________________ (LIKL) George Floyd, an unarmed black man, provoking the biggest wave of (EMONTSORISTAND) __________________since 1968.
