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history of the internet - http://www.netvalley.com/archives/mirrors/davemarsh-timeline-1.htm

By 06ssokeefe

  • 1957

    he USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. In response, the United States forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military.

  • 1962

    RAND Paul Baran, of the RAND Corporation (a government agency), was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force to do a study on how it could maintain its command and control over its missiles and bombers, after a nuclear attack. This was to be a military research network that could survive a nuclear strike, decentralized so that if any locations (cities) in the U.S. were attacked, the military could still have control of nuclear arms for a counter-attack. Baran's finished document described several way

  • 1968

    ARPA awarded the ARPANET contract to BBN. BBN had selected a Honeywell minicomputer as the base on which they would build the switch. The physical network was constructed in 1969, linking four nodes: University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of Utah. The network was wired together via 50 Kbps circuits.

  • the internet first come about

  • 1972

    The first e-mail program was created by Ray Tomlinson of BBN. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was renamed The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (or DARPA) ARPANET was currently using the Network Control Protocol or NCP to transfer data. This allowed communications between hosts running on the same network.

  • 1973

    Development began on the protocol later to be called TCP/IP, it was developed by a group headed by Vinton Cerf from Stanford and Bob Kahn from DARPA. This new protocol was to allow diverse computer networks to interconnect and communicate with each other.

  • 1974

    First Use of term Internet by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in paper on Transmission Control Protocol.

  • 1976

    Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe develops Ethernet, which allowed coaxial cable to move data extremely fast. This was a crucial component to the development of LANs. The packet satellite project went into practical use. SATNET, Atlantic packet Satellite network, was born. This network linked the United States with Europe. Surprisingly, it used INTELSAT satellites that were owned by a consortium of countries and not exclusively the United States government. UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) developed at AT&T Bell

  • 1979

    News Groups born
    Computer Science Department research computer network established in USA.
    USENET established using UUCP.
    Why is this relevant? USENET still thrives today.
    A collection of discussions groups, news groups.
    3 news groups established by the end of the year
    Almost any topic now has a discussion group.

  • 1981

    Things start to come together
    BITNET, the "Because It's Time NETwork" Started as a cooperative network at the City University of New York, with the first connection to Yale Provides electronic mail and listserv servers to distribute information, as well as file transfers
    CSNET (Computer Science NETwork) established to provide networking services (specially E-mail) to university scientists with no access to ARPANET. CSNET later becomes known as the Computer and Science Network.

  • 1983

    Internet gets bigger
    Name server developed.
    Why is this relevant? Large number of nodes.
    Hard to remember exact paths
    Use meaningful names instead. Desktop workstations come into being.
    Why is this relevant? Many with Berkeley UNIX which includes IP networking software.
    Need switches from having a single, large time sharing computer connected to Internet per site, to connection of an entire local network.

  • 1984

    Growth of Internet Continues
    Number of hosts breaks 1,000.
    Domain Name Server (DNS) introduced. instead of 123.456.789.10
    it is easier to remember something like
    www.myuniversity.mydept.mynetwork.mycountry ( e.g. www.cs.cf.ac.uk). JANET (Joint Academic Network) established in the UK
    Moderated newsgroups introduced on USENET.

  • 1986

    Power of Internet Realised
    5, 000 Hosts. 241 News groups.
    NSFNET created (backbone speed of 56 Kbps)
    NSF establishes 5 super-computing centers to provide high-computing power for all -- This allows an explosion of connections, especially from universities.
    Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) designed to enhance Usenet news performance over TCP/IP.

  • 1987

    Commercialisation of Internet Born Number of hosts 28,000.
    UUNET is founded with Usenix funds to provide commercial UUCP and Usenet access.

  • 1989

    Large growth in Internet Number of hosts breaks 100,000
    First relays between a commercial electronic mail carrier and the Internet
    Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) comes into existence under the IAB

  • 1991

    Modernisation Begins
    Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX) Association, Inc. formed after NSF lifts restrictions on the commercial use of the Net.
    Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) Why is relevant? Provides a mechanism for indexing and accessing information on the Internet.
    Large bodies of knowledge available: E-mail messages, text, electronic books, Usenet articles, computer code, image, graphics, sound files, databases etc..
    These form the basis of the index of information we see on W

  • 1991

    Most Important development to date
    World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee developer. Why is relevant? Originally developed to provide a distributed hypermedia system.
    Easy access to any form of information anywhere in the world.
    Initially non-graphic (this came later, MOSAIC, 1993).
    Revolutionised modern communications and even our, way of life (?).
    NSFNET backbone upgraded to T3 (44.736 Mbps). NSFNET traffic passes 1 trillion bytes/month and 10 billion packets/month
    S

  • 1992

    Multimedia changes the face of the Internet
    Number of hosts breaks 1 Million. News groups 4,000
    Internet Society (ISOC) is chartered.
    First MBONE audio multicast (March) and video multicast (November).
    The term "Surfing the Internet" is coined by Jean Armour Polly.

  • 1993

    The WWW Revolution truly begins
    Number of Hosts 2 Million. 600 WWW sites.
    InterNIC created by NSF to provide specific Internet services
    directory and database services
    registration services
    information services
    Business and Media really take notice of the Internet.
    US White House and United Nations (UN) comes on-line.
    Mosaic takes the Internet by storm. Why is this relevant? User Friendly Graphical Front End to the World Wide Web.
    Develops into Netscape -- most popular WWW browser

  • 1994

    Commercialisation begins
    Number of Hosts 3 Million. 10,000 WWW sites. 10,000 News groups.
    ARPANET/Internet celebrates 25th anniversary
    Local communities begin to be wired up directly to the Internet (Lexington and Cambridge, Mass., USA)
    US Senate and House provide information servers
    Shopping malls, banks arrive on the Internet
    A new way of life
    You can now order pizza from the Hut online in the US.
    First Virtual, the first cyberbank, open up for business
    NSFNET traffic passes 10 trilli

  • 1996

    Microsoft enter
    12.8 Million Hosts, 0.5 Million WWW Sites.
    Internet phones catch the attention of US telecommunication companies who ask the US Congress to ban the technology (which has been around for years)
    The WWW browser war begins , fought primarily between Netscape and Microsoft, has rushed in a new age in software development, whereby new releases are made quarterly with the help of Internet users eager to test upcoming (beta) versions.