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caused by the expansion of french and british colonies into the ohio river valley. reatly expanded britich territory. generated great britich debt. generated resenment of GB toward americans. forced colonists to work together and see the need for unity. americans gained self-confidence and became less dependent on GB. resulted in the albny plan of union
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1st major plan to unite the colonies as a collective whole uder 1 government and se examples for continental congress
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gave over french lands to the colonists, creating a sense of nationalism in the colinies. led to the proclamation on 1763
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taxed imports of sugar and molasses. represented a change in policy. representes a change in policy. further enraged the colonist toward GB
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ordered colonial legislatures to pay for certain goods needed for soldiers in their borders.
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taxed all printed materials. greatly angered colonists because it applied to everyone. resulted in the stamp act congress (1st attmpt to unite colonists agains the crown) led to the creation of the sons of liberty
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taxed imports on glass, paint, lead, paper, and tea. led to the boycotting of british goods (higher self sufficiency) reaulted in john dickinson's "letters to a penn farmer"(made it clear that GB laws were unfair and deprived colonies of rights) and the creation of the board of commissioners (raised port officials, coast guard, secret informers, awarded smuggling)
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soldiers were defended by john adams. sam adams would manipuilate the situation to the patriots' benefit
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created by sam adams in order for MA towns to defend colonial rights and exchange info. provided grounds for 1st continental congress and rallied coloniests together, creating sense of unification and nationalism.
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colonial protestation against parlimentary attempt to save east india trading company. (lower price and higer taxes) all colonies protested, but 50 boston men threw 45 tons of tea into the boston harbor
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caused colonists to become increasingly angry with Gb amd their unfair taxation. led to the BTP
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1.boston port bill(close boston harbor) 2.MA gov act(eliminated electde assembly and forbade >1 town meeting/yr) 3.administration of justice act/murder act(person charged with murder while enforcig royal authorithy would be tried in britain) 4.new quarting act(empty private buildings for the troops) GB attempy to regai control, showed losing of GB powr and rise ifindependence
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made catholosism the official religion in Q and set up non-rep gov. extened boundaries to ohio & MI rivers. angered colonists bc now they couldnt move westward
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colonial response to Q and coercive acts. established "suffolk resolves" (america owed GB and Cacts no obedience, a provisional would collect taxes until MA gov was restored, prepared militias) boycott all goods and stop esporting to GB.
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1st skirmish of the war at lexington(shot heard round the world) americans attack and retreat all the wat to concord where the arms and amunition are.
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sent "loyal message" to king george know as oliv brance petition. makes GW leader of army.
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Ethan Allen and the green mtn boys seized GB fort between lake champlain and lake GA in upstate NY. Henry Knox dragged 40 gns thru snow to help deeat GB. helped the americans keep fighting and put GB under pressure at the boston harbor
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Arnold and his men marched thru maine wilderness in freezing conditions. quebec was never captured and americans were demoralized
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pased in conjuction with th repeal of the stamp act. affirmed parlimentary power and stated that the colonies could not claim exemption from any atatut, inculdig ta laws, GBs way of retaliating the repeal of the stamp act
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written by thomas paine, clearly explained why the revolution was necessary
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GW and 2500 crossed frozed DE river on xmas, surprising GB/hessians. a victory brought the americans stregnth/confidence
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divide and conquer. (capture NY and split NE colonies from south.)
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turning point in the war. GB surrenders at saratoga, giving the colonies confidence and france the assurance to join the war
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"winter break" washington&army camped and nearly froze to death. GW threatened soldiers to stay at war. proved that americans had the willpower to fight and win. gave them psychological endurance.
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GW led american victory.
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GB planned to occupy loyalist areas in the south. original commander was Henry Clinton. he and cornwallis captured charleston on 12/1779-5/1780. then lord cornwalis takes charge of the southern campaign
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daniel morgan defeats tarleon N of spartenburg, sc. (american victory)
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cornwalis retreats to charleston for supplies and to link up with GB navy at yorktowm, after suffering great casualties at cowpens and guilford courthouse, NC french under lafayette and rochambeau along with americans under GW will trap cornwallis at yorktown.
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GB fights but have no escape route bc french have cut them off at the chesapeake bay. cornwalis therefore surrenders the GB army to GW.