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Galactic network concept
Licklider made tongue-in-cheek references to an "inter-galactic network" but in truth, his vision of what might be possible was prophetic. -
Period: to
Key dates of history of internet
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Digital message block
Paul Baran explored the use of digital message block. Switching to support highly resilient, survivable voice communications for military command and control. This work was undertaken at RAND Corporation for the US Air Force beginning in 1962. -
Birth of internet
ARPANET commissioned by DoD for research into networking.
Why is this relevant?
First node at UCLA (Los Angeles) closely followed by nodes at Stanford Research Institute, UCSB (Santa Barbara) and U of Utah (4 Nodes). -
People communicate over a network
15 nodes (23 hosts) on ARPANET.
E-mail invented -- a program to send messages across a distributed network. Why is this relevant?
E-mail is still the main way of inter-person communication on the Internet today.
We will study how to use and send E-mail shortly in this course.
You will make extensive use of E-mail for the rest of your life. -
Computers can connect more freely and easily
First public demonstration of ARPANET between 40 machines.
Internetworking Working Group (INWG) created to address need for establishing agreed upon protocols.
Why is this relevant?
Telnet specification
Telnet is still a relevant means of inter-machine connection today. -
Global Networking becomes a reality
First international connections to the ARPANET: University College of London (England) and Royal Radar Establishment (Norway)
Ethernet outlined -- this how local networks are basically connected today.
Internet ideas started.
Gateway architecture sketched on back of envelope in hotel lobby in San Francisco. Gateways define how large networks (maybe of different architecture) can be connected together.
File Transfer protocol specified -- how computers send and receive data. -
Packets become mode of transfer
Transmission Control Program (TCP) specified. Packet network Intercommunication -- the basis of Internet Communication.
Telenet, a commercial version of ARPANET, opened -- the first public packet data service. -
Networking comes to many
Queen Elizabeth sends out an e-mail.
UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs and distributed with UNIX.
Why is this relevant?
UNIX was and still is the main operating system used by universities and research establishments.
These machines could now ``talk'' over a network.
Networking exposed to many users worldwide. -
E-mail takes off, Internet becomes a reality
Number of hosts breaks 100.
THEORYNET provides electronic mail to over 100 researchers in computer science (using a locally developed E-mail system and TELENET for access to server).
Mail specification
First demonstration of ARPANET/Packet Radio Net/SATNET operation of Internet protocols over gateways. -
News Groups born
First MUD (Multiuser Dungeon) -- interactive multiuser sites. Interactive adventure games, board games, rich and detailed databases.
ARPA establishes the Internet Configuration Control Board (ICCB).
Packet Radio Network (PRNET) experiment starts with ARPA funding. Most communications take place between mobile vans. -
Usenet came into being
Two Duke University grad students in North Carolina, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, thought of hooking computers together to exchange information with the Unix community. Steve Bellovin, a grad student at the University of North Carolina, put together the first version of the news software using shell scripts and installed it on the first two sites: "unc" and "duke." -
Internet gets bigger
Name server developed.
Why is this relevant?
Large number of nodes.
Hard to remember exact paths
Use meaningful names instead.
Desktop workstations come into being.
Why is this relevant?
Many with Berkeley UNIX which includes IP networking software.
Need switches from having a single, large time sharing computer connected to Internet per site, to connection of an entire local network. -
Adobe Systems Incorporated
In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. The company name Adobe comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind the house of one of the company's founders. Adobe acquired its former competitor, Macromedia, in December 2005, which added newer software products and platforms such as Coldfusion, Dreamweaver, Flash and Flex to its product portfolio. -
Commercialisation of Internet Born
Number of hosts 28,000.
UUNET is founded with Usenix funds to provide commercial UUCP and Usenet access. -
Modernisation Begins
Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX) Association, Inc. formed after NSF lifts restrictions on the commercial use of the Net.
Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) Why is relevant?
Provides a mechanism for indexing and accessing information on the Internet.
Large bodies of knowledge available: E-mail messages, text, electronic books, Usenet articles, computer code, image, graphics, sound files, databases etc..
These form the basis of the index of information we see on WWW today. -
Multimedia changes the face of the Internet
Number of hosts breaks 1 Million. News groups 4,000
Internet Society (ISOC) is chartered.
First MBONE audio multicast (March) and video multicast (November).
The term "Surfing the Internet" is coined by Jean Armour Polly. -
Telstra bigpond began
Telstra or Telstra Corporation Limited (often abbreviated as Telstra Corp) (ASX: TLS, NZX: TLS) is an Australian telecommunications and media company, formerly owned by the Australian government and privatised in stages from the late 1990s. Telstra is the largest provider of both local and long distance telephone services, mobile services, dialup, wireless, DSL and cable internet access in Australia. -
Microsoft enters
12.8 Million Hosts, 0.5 Million WWW Sites.
Internet phones catch the attention of US telecommunication companies who ask the US Congress to ban the technology (which has been around for years)
The WWW browser war begins , fought primarily between Netscape and Microsoft, has rushed in a new age in software development, whereby new releases are made quarterly with the help of Internet users eager to test upcoming (beta) versions. -
Wi-Fi access
In the early 2000s, many cities around the world announced plans for city-wide Wi-Fi networks. This proved to be much more difficult than their promoters initially envisioned with the result that most of these projects were either canceled or placed on indefinite hold. A few were successful, for example in 2005, Sunnyvale, California became the first city in the United States to offer city-wide free Wi-Fi.[13] (As of 2009[update] few of the Municipal Wi-Fi firms have entered the field of smart g -
Internet explorer 95% usage share
It has been the most widely used web browser since 1999, attaining a peak of about 95% usage share during 2002 and 2003 with IE5 and IE6 -
1.67 billion users on internet
As of June 2009, approximately 1.67 billion people worldwide use the Internet, according to studies by Miniwatts Marketing Group.[ -
Facebook reaches 500 million users
A January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the most used social network by worldwide monthly active users, followed by MySpace.Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade 'best-of' list, saying, "How on earth did we stalk our exes, remember our co-workers' birthdays, bug our friends, and play a rousing game of Scrabulous before Facebook?"
