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The Battle of Vimy Ridge
Who: Canadians vs Germans
What: Canadian soldiers fought to claim Vimy Ridge, a strategic point in France currently held by Germans. Both the French and British had failed to capture this point previously.
Where: Vimy Ridge, Northern France
When: 9 - 11 Apr 1917
Why: The point was a highly useful strategic ground that would gain the Allies a lot of land on the Germans.
How: Canadian soldiers were prepared with training, maps and other knowledge to ensure that they would triumph. -
The Signing of the Treaty of Versailles
Who: All Allied countries and Germany
What: A peace treaty between the Allies and Germany.
Where: Versailles, France
When: Following the end of WWI on November 11, 1918
Why: To prevent hostilities from continuing and to force Germany to atone for its actions.
How: Signing the Treaty meant that Germans had to sacrifice much of their military forces and all overseas colonies, as well as make reparations for wartime damages in several countries -
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Canada becomes the US's greatest trading partner
Who: Canada and the US
What: The two countries became trading partners; Canada began to distance its ties from Britain and make stronger ones with the US.
Where: Canada and the US
When: The 1920's
Why: The United States had a large demand for raw materials that Canada had in abundance; Canada seized the trading opportunity
How: American countries set up branch plants in Canada; raw materials were shipped to American factories for processing -
The Stock Market Crash
Who: Canada, the US, countries heavily invested in stocks
What: Stock market prices plummeted on October 29, 1928
Where: Canada, the US, countries heavily invested in stocks
When: October 29, 1929
Why: Nervous investors began to sell their stocks in an attempt to cut their losses, causing a panic
How: Everyone wanted to sell their stocks, but nobody wanted to buy; a huge amount of profit was lost -
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NATO
Who: Countries of Western Europe and North America
What: The forming of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Where: All NATO countries
When: 1949
Why: To protect member countries from an attack by the Soviet Union
How: All countries agreed that an attack on one would be an attack on the other -
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The Suez Crisis
Who: Canada & other UN countries, Egypt; proposed by Lester B. Pearson
What: Canada's first peacekeeping mission
Where: Suez, Egypt
When: 1956
Why: Forces were needed to keep the peace in Suez while politicians worked out an agreement
How: Forces from Canada and other countries were sent to keep peace -
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The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Who: Pierre Trudeau & Canadians
What: A new Canadian controlled Constitution was created
Where: Canada
When: 1971
Why: Trudeau wanted the Constitution to be under the control of Canadians and to focus more on the rights of citizens
How: Trudeau drew up many charters for countries to vote on; eventually, all countries but Quebec agreed on the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the new Constitution was formed -
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The 1980 Quebec Referendum
Who: Quebec, Parti-Quebecois
What: The 1980 sovereignty referendum was held; 60% of Canadians voted "non"
Where: Quebec, Canada
When: 1980
Why: The Parti-Quebecois, who were highly pro-separation, wanted the province to vote to separate from Canada
How: The referendum was held in 1980.