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United States Supreme Court case that held that race-based segregation of children into 'separate but equal' public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and is unconstitutional.
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The Supreme Court case, since overturned by Brown v. Board of Education , which upheld the constitutionality of “separate, but equal facilities” based on race.
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abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States
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The amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War.
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granted African American men the right to vote.
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was a 1947 federal court case that challenged racial segregation in Orange County, California schools.