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Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
United States Supreme Court case that held that race-based segregation of children into 'separate but equal' public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and is unconstitutional. -
Plessy vs Feguson
The Supreme Court case, since overturned by Brown v. Board of Education , which upheld the constitutionality of “separate, but equal facilities” based on race. -
13th amendment
abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States -
14th amendment
The amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War. -
15th amendment
granted African American men the right to vote. -
Mendez vs. Westminster School District of Orange County
was a 1947 federal court case that challenged racial segregation in Orange County, California schools.