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The population of Engalnd and Wales was around 5.5 million people. By 1900, this figure was around 32.5 million.
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Between 1750 and 1850, over 25000 Scots were forced from their homes in the Highlands of Scotland by landowners wanting to enclose the land. This process became know as the 'Highland Clearances'. These farmers were left homelessand without the ability to grow their own food.
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Over 100 canals were dug across Britain from 1760 to 1820, linking the major rivers and creating a transport network for the transportation of food and freight.
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"James Hargreaves" spinning jenny allows 1 worker to make 8 times the previous amount of yarn.
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The water frame, invented by Richard Arkwright in 1768, was a spinning frame that improved on James Hargreaves invention as it could be powered by a waterwheel and produce yarns of any type.
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The Continent of Australia claimed in the name of the British Crown by Captain James Cook.
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James Watt creates an efficient steam engine.
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Declaration of Independance of the American colonies from Britain; end of convict transportation to American colonies.
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Steam-powered mills with automatic weaving machines begin to be built.
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Crompton's mule was invented by Samuel Crompton by combining the spinning jenny's carriage and the water frame rollers. It allowed a single power source to spin mulitple machines.
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Scientists created the first ever table of chemical elements.
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The United States of America established.
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Iron producer Henry Cort was able to combine 2 processes known as 'puddling' and 'rolling', which made the large-scale production of pig iron possible.
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The first ever convict settlement established in New South Wales after the arrival of the First Fleet.
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Inventor Willaim Murdoch uses coal gas for house lighting.
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Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin [engine], which can clean large quantities of raw cotton.
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The first steam locomotive was built by English engineer Richard Threvithick.
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The world population reached approximately 1 billion people. At the current rate now it will exceed 8 billion by 2027.
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The importation of African slaves to the USA banned.
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The first commercial steamship was developed by an American names Robert Fulton in 1807.
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The first violent reaction to the Industrial Revolution occured in Britain, lasting until 1815, in which workers smashed up factories and equipment in protest, fearing machines would replace them. These people became known as Luddites.
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George Stephanson's locomotive Blucher was the first successful steam-powered train. It was completed and tested on the Cillingwood Railway.
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Michael Faraday demonstrates the principle of an electrical motor.
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Isambard Bunel starts building a tunnel under the Thames River; work is completed in 1842.
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The worlds first railway line was built between the coalfields in Darlington and the seaport of Stockton in North-East England.
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It was not until the 1830s when certain politicians, concerned about the working conditions that had devoloped as a result of industrialisation, began introducing laws to regulate the factories in terms of conditions like the use of child labour and the length of the workday.
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Most of the 250000 mill workers in Britain were still under the age of 18.
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The river by London Bridge was toxic to fish but was still used to provide drinking water for people. This led to four serious outbreaks of cholera betweeen 1831 and 1866.
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The largest union was the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union, established by a mill owner, Robert Own. Unlike many other mill owners, Owen supported the welfare of his workers. He abolished child labour in his mills [for those under the age of 10]
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The British Parliment attempted to deal with changing social and economic conditions by reforming the 233-year old Poor Law.
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A group of reformists published a People's Charter written as a bill that could be presented to Parliment, demanding a better life for people through the use of parlimentary change.
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The worlds first screw-propelled steamship, SS Archimedes is built in Great Britain.
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By the 1840s, fertilizers were widely used, once again raising the productivitiy of the land.
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Women in factories were restricted to a ten-hour day, which effectively reduced many of the men's hours as well.
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Britain had become the first nation in history to have a larger urban than rural population.
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The worlds first motorcycle was built by Gottieb Daimler.
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All Australian capital cities were all linked by telegraph. This, together with new undersea cables, provided an instant communication channel between Australia, Britain and Europe for the first time.
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Bulk steel creation is made possible throught the open-hearth process created by Siemens-Martin; the use of steel combined reinforced concrete enables the construction of skyscrapers.
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The opening of London's underground railway network encouraged more people to use public transport to move between their homes in the suburbs and work.
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First transatlantic telegraph cable laid.
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The ability to create skyscrapers allowed for even denser retail and office areas in city centers, where land was more expensive.
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Alexander Graham Bell patents his 'acoustic telegraph' or telephone.
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Electric power stations were built in the 1880s and they offered an alternative to steam engines for driving machines and gas for lighting.
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At the start of the 19th century, few poor people recieved education, in 1880 a new law made primary school compulsory for all children.
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The first 10-storey skyscraper is built in Chicago and the longest suspension bridge at this time, the Brooklyn Bridge in New York, is completed.
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Charles Parsons invented the steam turbine, which allowed for a greater speed of rotation by forcing a blast of steam along a tube, turning a rotor at great speed.
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Karl Benz uses an internal-combustion engine in the first 'automobile'.
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The Fourth Railway Bridge was completed, it then became the longest bridge of its kind.
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An Underground sewerage system and a treatment plant at Werribee was opened in 1898, This treatment plant still operates today.