2017 Trevor Lee Nichols Dalat World History

3.1 - Fertile Cresent - People Came

Period: 10,000 BCE to 500 BCE

The Sumerians, Hittites, Kassitites, Akkadians, Assyrians, Phonesians, Chaldeans and Babylonians started settling in the Fertile Cresent.

4.1 - Egypt - King Menes Unifys Upper and Lower Egypt

3100 BCE

King Menes of Upper Egypt took over Lower Egypt and made it Egypt.

4.2 - Egypt - The Reign of The Old Kingdom

Period: 3100 BCE to 2200 BCE

The Pharaohs ruled over Upper and Lower Egypt.

3.1 - Mesopotamia - Food Surpluses, Division of Labour and Cities

3000 BCE

In Mesopotamia, farmers learned how to use canals and irrigation so that they can grow crops and get lots of food leading to a food surplus. Then, they could have division of labour, because It didn't require everybody to farm so people will have different jobs. Then because of the division of labour, they could learn architecture and start to build cities and big walls.

3.1 - Fertile Cresent - City-States

3000 BCE

The sumerians started making settlements in Mesopotamia, called city states, a city which is urban surrounded by countryside, rural.

3.2 - Mesopotamia - Sargon took over

2334 BCE

The empire of Sargon, called the Akkadians, started conquering the fertile Cresent and he made the first empire.

3.2 - Fertile Cresent - Akkadians Reigned

Period: 2334 BCE to 2229 BCE

The Akkadians, led by Sargon, took over and controlled the fertile cresent.

5.1 - India - Sanskrit

2300 BCE

In India, they created a written language, Sanskrit, the most important language of ancient India, almost all of their poems and hymns were written in Sanskrit.

5.1 - India - Times of thriving Harrapan civilizations

Period: 2300 BCE to 1700 BCE

India's early civilizations, harrapans had cities.

3.2 - Mesopotamia - Sargon dies

2279 BCE

Sargon dies and the Akkadians starts to lose control and stat falling apart

6.1 - China - The Xia Dynasty Started

2200 BCE

The Xia Dynasty Started, this Dynasty had stories of Co-operation and working together.

6.3 - China - The Xia to Han Dynasties

Period: 2200 BCE to 220

Xia - 2200 BC
Shang - 1500 BC
Zhou - 1100-481 BC
Qin - 221-206 BC
Han - 206 BC-220 AD

3.2 - Mesopotamia - Akkadians die off

2179 BCE

The empire of Sargon, a 100 years after he dies the Akkadians completely fall apart and other groups took over.

4.3 - Egypt - The start of The Middle Kingdom

2050 BCE

King Mentuhotep II took Egypt out of it's chaos and defeated all his rivals.

8.1 - Greece - Minoans on Crete

2000 BCE

By this time, the Minoans, not considered Greek, settled on the island of Crete, and built their own advanced society.

8.1 - Greece - the Greek Reigned

Period: 2000 BCE to 330 BCE

The Mycenaeans started all the way and stoped when democracy ended.
Mycenaeans 2000BC
City-States 1500BC
Oligarchy 800BC
Tyranny 546BC
Democracy 500BC

3.4 - Babylon - Hammurabi took over

1792 BCE

Hammurabi took over the Fertile Crescent and part of Egypt and Asia Minor. Hammurabi was a Great War leader and had very organized armies.

4.3 - Egypt - The start of the new Kingdom

1500 BCE

While the Hyksos ruled Egypt the Egyptians did not like them so Ahmose drove them out and became king of Egypt, Starting the New Kingdom.

5.2 - India - Caste system

1500 BCE

The caste system is a system where people are divided into castes, like groups where come castes are better than others and you are born into castes, making it very hard to chang castes.

5.2 - India - Hinduism

1500 BCE

Hinduism, a popular religion in India, was brought to them by the Persians and the Central Asians.

6.1 - China - The Shang Dynasty Started

1500 BCE

The Shang Dynasty started. Created Social Order where peasants are low.

4.3 - Egypt - Queen Hatshepsut

1472 BCE

Queen Hatshepsut Came into power, and while she was in power she increased trade and made the country bigger.

4.3 - Egypt - Ramses the Great

1200 BCE

Ramses the Great fought the Hittites for a long time and eventually signed a peace treaty with them.

8.1 - Greece - The Mycenaeans fell apart

1200 BCE

The Mycenaeans, the first Greek people got invaded from Europe and were destroyed, the earthquakes also distorted many of their cities.

6.2 - China - The Zhou Dynasty Started

1050 BCE

The Zhou Dynasty started the longest lasting dynasty.

8.3 - Greece - Homer

800 BCE

At this time, Homer was born, he was a great writer of epic poetry.

10.1 - Rome - Romulus is king

753 BCE

About this time, Romulus kills his brother and makes his own city. He crowns himself king and names the city after himself.

10.1-10.3 - Rome - The Roman Republic

Period: 753 BCE to 27 BCE

753 BC - Rome’s early 7 kings
Romulus, 3 Romans, 3 Etruscans
509 - Nobles overthrew last Etruscan king and mad a Republic
458 - Cincinnnaticus as Dictator
494 - Plebians started own council
133 - Tiberius in office
88-27 - Sulla is Consul

9.1 - Greece - Cyrus the Great

585 BCE

Cyrus gained rule at this time. Cyrus conquered many lands and when he conquered, he let them keep their own customs. Having less revolts because of this, he conquered many.

9.1 to 9.3 - Greece - The Greek World

Period: 585 BCE to 30 BCE

585 to 529 Cyrus
530 to 522 Cambyses
521 to 486 Darius
486 to 465 Xerxes I
359 to 336 Phillip II
336 to 323 Alexander the Great
323 to 100 or 60 or 30 Generals split empire

6.2 - China - Confucius is born

551 BCE

Confucius was born. He created Confucianism, a belief where people should lead by example not say and people should always obey their parents, especially the father.

8.2 - Greece - The end of Aristocracy

546 BCE

Around this time, Peisistratus overthrew the oligarchy, starting Tyranny.

10.1 - Rome - Nobles overthrown kings

509 BCE

Around this time, the Nobles overthrew the last Etruscan king, who was very harsh on the people and also killed many of his advisors. After this, the Nobles created a Republic for the people.

6.2 - China - Laozi was born

500 BCE

Laozi was born, the founder of Daoism.

8.2 - Greece - The birth of Democracy

500 BCE

Cleisthenises, a Tyrant created democracy, Rule by the people while he was in power, Athens soon became a democracy.

16.1-16.3 - America - The Aztecs, Mayans, and Incans

Period: 500 BCE to 1537

BC 500 - Settling of the Mayans
Ad 200 - large cities by Mayans
250 - Mayan height
900 - Downfall of Mayans
1325 - Start of the Aztec Empire
1400 - Height of Aztecs
1400 - Start of the Incan Empire
1500 - Height of Incas
1519 - Downfall of Aztecs
1520 - Civil war in Incaland
1537 - Downfall of Incas

9.1 - Greece - Battle of Marathon

490 BCE

This battle, Greece was fighting Persia. The Greeks, out numbered, won the battle because they were smart at what thy did.

10.1 - Rome - Cincinnatus

458 BCE

Around this time, Cincinnatus became dictator of Rome. After he defeated his enemies, he immediately stepped down from power. Now the people of Rome call his the “perfect” dictator.

9.2 - Greece - Peloponnesian war

431 BCE

Start of the Sparta and Athens fighting. The first war, they both agreed to a truce. The second war, Athens got weak by losing all their navy at Sicily then Sparta came and took over.

5.5 - India - Astronomy

400 BCE

The Indias liked astronomy a lot, so they excelled in it a lot, they discovered some of the planets in our solar system.

8.3 - Greece - Aesop

400 BCE

Around this time, Aesop was born, he was a very famous writer of fables, in his fables, animals acted like human beings.

9.4 - Greece - The Athena Parathnos was built

400 BCE

Around this time, one of Athens greatest sculptors created the Athena Parathnos, a very large statue of their goddess patron of the city, Athena.

10.3 - Gaul attacks Rome, and its followers

387 BCE

Around this time Gaul attacks Rome and they demand a great amount of gold to let them go. So Rome gives them the money and they leave. Then other people start attacking for money but then Rome takes them all over.

9.3 - Macedonia - Phillip II is murdered

336 BCE

During this time, Phillip went to celebrate his daughters wedding and was murdered there. He was king of Macedonia.

9.3 - Macedonia - Alexander shows power

336 BCE

At this time the city of Thebes rebelled and thought Alex was not strong. So Alex went over and made them all slaves.

9.3 - Persia - Alexander the Great dies

323 BCE

At this time, Alex died after getting sick in the city of Babylon, right after he marched home from his humongous conquering.

5.4 - India - The Mauryan Empire started

320 BCE

The Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya, his empire lasted 150years.

5.4 - India - Asoka came to rule

270 BCE

Asoka came to rule in India in 270 BC, he was India's strongest ruler, he conquered almost all of India.

6.3 - China - The Qin Dynasty Started

221 BCE

The Qin Dynasty started. This Dynasty was mostly ruled by one ruler, the Shi Huangdi, meaning First Emperor, he used legalism.

6.3 - China - Shi Huangdi dies

210 BCE

Hi Huangdi dies, the first emperor.

6.4 - China - The Han Dynasty started

206 BCE

The Han Dynasty started, led by Liu Bang, the first peasant emperor.

6.5 - China - Buddhism in China

200 BCE

By this time Buddists have spread the religion to China, diffusion.

10.2 - Rome - The senate’s power

200 BCE

Around this time, Rome had created a strong government with balance, but because the senate controlled finances, it made them the most powerful of the three branches. At this time the senate has a large amount of influence towards the government.

11.2 - Rome - End of the jews

135 BCE

Before this time, Emperor Hadrian had banned many parts of their religion the at this time, he destroyed the city of Jerusalem and built a new Roman city there, banning Jews from that city.

6.4 - China - the seismograph was invented by the Han Dynasty

132 BCE

The seismograph was invented, a device that detects earthquakes.

10.3 - Rome - Gaius Marius

100 BCE

At this time Rome was running out of troops and they really needed them so the consul Gaius Marius encouraged young enemployed people to join. After this many people joined and they were loyal to him.

11.1-11.3 - Rome - Christianity in Rome

Period: 50 BCE to 1453

50 BC - Julius Caesar conquers Gaul
48 BC - Caesar destroys Pompey’s forces
44 BC - Senators attacked Caesar by stabbing 23 times
44 BC - Marc Antony and Octavian rule
31 BC - Octavian destroys Marc Antony and becomes ruler
27 BC Caesar Augustus-Octavian, gave power to the senate
180 - Pax Romana ended
200 - Diocletian rule and divided empire
300 - Constantine took ruled and united empire temporarily
410 - west Rome destroyed by goths
527 - Justinian took rule
1453 - Ottoman Turks took over

11.1 - Rome - Caesar’s assasination and Octavian

44 BCE

Caesar got assasinated and was stabbed 23 times by senators and Octavian and Marc Antony took rule and started to look for those who killed Caesar.

11.1 - Rome - Marc Antony dead

31 BCE

Around this time, Marc Antony divorced Ocavian’s sister, Octavia, and Octavian got mad at him and killed him with a fleet.

11.3 - Rome - Diocletian became emperor

200

He became emperor and divided the emperor.

13.1 - West Africa - Salt and Gold

200

West Africa had many resources, upon those resources, salt and gold had great trading power, salt for preservative and gold, highly valued for the softness And for the easiness to mold, also for jewelry.

14.1-14.4 - China - Later Chinese Dynasties

Period: 220 to 1644

220 - Start of the Period of Disunion
589 - end of Disunion and start of Sui Dynasty
618 - over throw of the Sui Dynasty and start of the Tang Dynasty
907 - end of Tang and start of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms
960 - Start of the Song Dynasty and end of dynasties and kingdoms
1279 - end of Song Dynasty and Kublai Khan took over and started the Yuan dynasty
1368 - China rebelled against Mongols and started the Ming
1644 - Ming Dynasty was overthrown

13.4 - West Africa - Griots

300

A Griot is a story teller that preserved West African history. They did this by telling other Griots about the story. This action was called an oral history. There was a risk of details changing over time when sharing an oral history. All Tis happened because West Africans never developed a written language.

11.2 - Rome - Constantine

300

Around this time, Constantine removed bans on the religion and became Christian, also making Rome’s official religeon on Christianity.

16.1 - Yucatán Peninsula - The height of the Mayans

350

At this time, the Mayans have just reached their height in civilization, and have many large city’s around the Yucatán Peninsula. The Mayans had observatories and traded many things including, cacao, jade, obsidian, and cotton, but sadly they did not have iron or steel.

17.2-17.3 - Europe - The course of Medievalism in Europe

Period: 400 to 1500

400 - Missionaries of Christ
480 - Franks in Gaul
500 - small kingdoms
500 - Start of Medival ages
700 - Charlemagne
800 - Charlemagne over Romans and Franks
800 - Nobles’ rule
1000 - Feudalism in Northern Europe
1500 - End of Middle Ages in Europe

11.3 - Rome - Justinian ruled the East

483

He took the lead in the east and made it a better place and made it last much longer than the east, with the help of his wife.

17.1 - Europe - The Topography of Medival Europe

500

The Topography, or shape and elevation of a piece of land, of Europe was Mountainous by the Circumference of the Continent but has a huge plain in the middle of it.

13.1-13.4 - Africa - Civilization

Period: 500 to 1600

500 BC, the Africans discovered metal
300, they the Soninke began to band together and created Ghana
1000, Ghana was at its height the started falling
1200 they fell
1230, Sundiata made Mali out of collapsed Ghana and nearby areas.
1300, Mansa Musa, most famous and rich man ruled Mali
1400, Soninke broke free of Mali
1500, Mali fell
1464, Sunni Ali organized Songhai
1591, Morocco takes Songhai

15.1-15.3 - Japan - Early Japa

Period: 500 to 1800

Starting with the first emperor from Yamato - 500
Learning from neighboring countries - 550
Shotoku - 593
First written history - 700
The tale of Genji - 1000
Zen Buddhists - 1100
Shogun Minamoto - 1192
Noh - 1300
Shoguns loss of power - 1400
Tokugawa Ieyasu unified Japan - 1600
End of samurai period 1800

12.1 - Mecca - Muhammad was born

570

Muhammad was born in Mecca around this time. He was the person who created Islam.

12.1-12.3 - Arabia - Muslim culture

Period: 570 to 1588

570 - Muhammad is born
613 - teachings
634 - Aku Bakr
Mehmed II - 1431
Abbas - 1588

14.1 - China - The Sui Dynasty

589

During the period of Disunion, there was a ruler named Yang Jian, he was from the north and he conquered the south, unifying China. This started the Sui Dynasty. During the Sui Dynasty, they started the Grand Canal, a man made river built for trade.

15.1 - Japan - Prince Shotoku

593

This person, Prince shotoku, brought Chinese ideas and advances to japan, he highly recommended it and he admired the Chinese society. He came into rule around this time, he he was a regent, a person who rule for someone who is unable to rule alone. He lost power when he died (621 AD).

12.1 - Mecca - Muhammad meditates

610

Around this time, Muhammad meditates in a cave and the Lord reveals Himself to him, he got many messages from God and he collected them all into the Qur’an, the scripture of the Muslims.

12.2 - Mecca - Muhammad’s teaching

610

Around this time, Muhammad has started teaching about his revelations, but at this time he had created the five pillars of Islam, what the Muslim are supposed to follow.

14.1 - China - The Tang Dynasty

618

The Tang Dynasty started because a Sui Dynasty official over threw the government, then creating the Tang Dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty, the Chinese empire grew a lot. They had two great rulers, Taizong, for conquest and Xuanzon, known for culture and poetry. They also had the only woman emperor, empress Wu. When the Tang Dynasty ell the Empire was left in chaos, called the five dynasties and the ten kingdoms.

12.1 - Medina - Muhammad is kicked out

622

The Arabs did not like Muhammad’s teachings of one God, so they kicked him out of Mecca and he went to Medina, where he also taught.

17.4 - Europe and Japan - The two Feudal Systems

630

Although Europe and Japan were very different, they were similar in some ways, as they both were Feudalistic societies, all about land. But the Japanese and the Europeans were also different in other ways but not as much as similar, like religion and arts. They both used peasants to work their land and loyal warriors to defend them.

12.3 - Arabia - Aku Bakr

634

Around this time, Muhammad is dead and Aku Baker is elected as the new leader, or caliph, the highest rank for Muslims. Then he conduced a series of battles around Arabia and tried to unite it. Then at this time, he died

17.3 - Europe - The Noble’s rule

800

Around this time, the area was in great stress as the Vikings and other invaders invade often and the people grew scared so the Nobles started to defeat their own lands instead the Kings, and therefore the King lost most of his power and the Nobles’ power grew. But amidst all this terror the Nobles still stayed loyal to the kings.

17.2 - Europe - Charlemagne

814

Charlemagne was the strongest ruler the Franks of Gaul had, he did a lot of warfare and increased the empire a lot. He spent most of his rule doing warfare. Charlemagne was a Christian ruler, and built schools all around the area, including religious schools, among these buildings is some of the most shaping schools in Europe, shaping most of Europe with the scholars helping him. At this time, he lost power.

14.3 - China - Neo-Confucianism

960

Neo-Confucianism, or new Confucianism, was a spin-off of Confucianism, the major differences were that the New also emphasized on spiritual matters and good in the eyes of others.
Neo-Confucianism started in the Song Dynasty and started gaming influence quickly, by the time the Song Dynasty fell, Neo-Confucianism was the official government teachings.

18.3 - Churches in Europe - The Large Feudal Landlord

1000

Around this time and the rest of the Middle Ages, the Church was central to most of Europe, most, almost all of the people there were Christians, so the Church had great influence over Europe and when people died they gave some of their land to the Church, so eventually the Church had so much land that it divided it into fiefs, making if a feudal landlord.

18.1-18.5 - Europe - The Later Middle Ages

Period: 1000 to 1500

1059 - First Excomms of an Eastern Bishop
Late 1000s - Turkish Muslims’ capturing Jerusalem
1096 - Launching of the First Crusade
1122 - Compromise between King and Pope and proving the power of the Pope
1140s - Muslims taking land back
1147 - Second Crusade
1189 - Third Crusade
1201 - Fourth Crusade
1200s - 2 new religious orders and Crusade against Herecy in France
1215 - Magna Carta
1291 - Muslims take back all of the Holy Land
1347 - Start of the 4 year Black Death

18.2 - Palestine - The Crusades

1096

At this time, the first Crusades just started and the was 5000 men going to go and reclaim the Holy Land - Palestine. It succeeded and they retook the holy land from the Muslims, but not so long after, the Muslims retook it and the Christians were not able to retake it for reasonable amounts of time soon, after five or more Crusades.

15.2 - Japan - Zen Buddhism

1100

At this time the Chinese brought in a new form of buddishm, called Zen, Zen Buddhists focused on self-discipline, and meditation, they taught that faith nor good behavior brought you to wisdom.

18.1 - Holy Roman Empire - Popes had more power than Kings

1122

On 1073, a new pope came to power, Pope Gregory VII believed that the popes should choose the bishops but the king disagreed, and he said he should do it, so the pope excommunicated the king and the King went to beg him forgiveness and at this time the pope proved he had more power. At this time, they reached and agreement, three days after begging.

15.3 - Japan - Minamoto’s rise to power

1192

Once there was two great clans in Japan, the minamoto and another clan. The minamoto won and took control of Japan. Minamoto took the title of shogun at this time and ruled like an emperor, he left the emperor as a figurehead

13.2 - Ghana - The collapse of Ghana

1200

Around this time, Ghana had collapsed due to three major factors, Attack by the Almoravids, in 1060, overgrazing and rebellion. The major cause of this was of the Almoravids.

18.5 - France - DeHeratizizing

1200

In the early 1200s Pope Innocent thought that heresy was to big of a threat to Christianity in France. So he formed a crusade against heretics in southern France. This lasted 20 years and many innocent people died from this even though they weren’t heretics.

18.4 - Runnymede, London - The Magna Carta

1215

Around this time, Noble of England went up to a field in Runnymede and forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, to stop him from not following the law, because he thought that only the people have to follow the law and not the King, the Magna Carta also contained rights of the people, one called Haebeas Corpus, to not allow people to be thrown in jail without a reason. The Magna Carta made the set up of England much more fair and enjoyable.

14.4 - China - The Mongol empire and the Yuan Dynasty

1279

During the time of mongol times all spread out a man rose up and united all the tribes and started the Mongol Empire, during this time he conquered many people around him, when he died, Genghis Khan, he had conquered most of north China, after a while, his grandson took over, Kublai Khan, and conquered all of China, now starting the Yuan Dynasty. He kept a peaceful and happy town empire, even though he taxed a lot, all the money went to building public buildings and making the empire better.

14.2 - China - The Song Achievements

1279

The Song reunited China after the five dynasties and ten kingdoms. They had many advances, the greatest achievements were:
Irrigation Tecniques
Fast ripening rice
Paper money
Celadon
And porcelain.

19.1 - Italy - Trading with Italy

1300

Before this time, the Silk Road had reopened, causing Italy’s Northern cities became humungous trading centers for various reasons like wool, banks, glass, weapons, and silk, At this time. Casing the start of the Renaissance.

19.1-19.3 - Eurasia - Renaissance

Period: 1300 to 1600

1200 - Mongol control over China and reopening of the Silk Road
1300 - Italian trade cities
1455 - Printing Press with Movable type
1513 - The Prince - Iron Fist vs. Loving
1517 - 95 theses
1534 - The English Church
1562 - Religeous Wars - Protestants vs. Catholics
1600 - William Shakespeare’s plays

13.3 - Mali - Mansa Musa

1324

Mansa Musa was the most famous ruler of Mali, he also was super rich. He was a Muslim. He was so rich that he caused inflation wherever he went. He was also into education and he built mosques and schools. His son was total absolute weak sauce. His son also caused the downfall to nomads.

16.2 - Mexico, Guatemala, Belize - The Aztec Capital

1325

By this time the Aztecs were pushed out of everywhere, until they came to an island in a lake, where the king claimed to see an eagle holding a snake in it’s beak, their supposed promised land, here they started their capital, Tenochtitlán, in lake Texcoco, they had many advancements here including a way to build on marshy land.

20.1-20.3 - Earth - Science, Exploration and proving old people wrong

Period: 1400 to 1700

1493 - Columbus accidentally found America while looking for Asia
1498 - da Gama went around Africa into Asia, the first
1500s - The Colombian Exchange
1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the world (Magellan himself died)
1543 - Copernicus revealed what he believed right before death
1600s - Galileo Galilei explores the sky with a telescope and proved new people right
1687 - Book by Newton, about Motion and Gravity

16.3 - The Later Incan Empire - How they were organized

1450

The Incan empire was very big around this time, once their empire was large enough they needed a way to get around and communicate, their official language was Quechua and they had no written language so they had sofistically knotted strings to record dates or words. At this time,the Incans had started creating a large network of roads to get around, they used this network to send massages around quickly by using runners.

19.2 - Germany - The Printing Press-Movable Type edition

1455

Around this time, Johann Gutenberg created the Printing press using a movable type, making printing in the Renaissance much easier and more mass product-able.

20.2 - Portugal - Dias

1488

Dias was the first to sail around the bottom of Africa, at the time, people thought that Africa went down forever and there was no bottom, but Dias sailed around it proving their theory wrong. He was trying to find a sea route to Asia.

20.2 - Spain - Columbus

1493

Columbus was the first to reach the Americas, even though he didn’t know it. He was trying to sail to asia but accidentally sailed into America, he died in America, thinking that he was in Indonesia.

16.3 - Peru, Chile and Argentina (mainly) - The start of the Incan empire

1500

The Incans once started in a small town called Cuzco, now Peru, but one emperor wanted more, so he expanded, once he lost rule, the other leaders followed in his footsteps and kept walking The that direction, eventually they got a Huge empire and at this time they created a very strong and effective government.

20.3 - America and Europe - The Colombian Exchange

1500

The Colombian Exchange was the exchange of goods from Europe, the Old World, and America, the New World, this changed history, because they found many things that they didn’t have in Europe, like Potatoes, Turkeys, and corn.

12.3 - Persia - Esma’il

1501

around this time the Safavid empire has started with the conquering of Persia, led by Esma’il.

19.3 - Wittenberg, Germany - The 95 Theses

Oct 31, 1517

At this time, Martin Luther, a Priest, hammered a list of 95 problems or ideas that the church should fix, but the church took it too far and excommunicated him for it, he was brought to the diet and many other things while the Protestants were forming, protesting against the Catholic Church, starting a new deviation of Christianity.

12.3 - North India - Babur

1526

Around this time, Babur has founded the Mughal Empire in North India, later a new emperor took rule and his name was Akbar, he conquered many lands and strenghened the government of the Mughal Government.

20.1 - Germany - Kepler

1550

Johannes Kepler was an astronomer, assistant to Brahe, he has found out that the orbits of the planets are actually elliptical, not circular, by now, they already know that the sun is in the center.

12.4 - Istanbul - The blue mosque

1600

Around this time, the blue mosque, a mosque built for one of the Ottoman sultans was built, it had six minarets (small towers where people are called to pray from) instead of the normal four.

20.1 - Italy - Galileo Galilei

1600

He was the first person to explore the sky with a telescope, he has proved many theories of other scientists, like sun centered, elliptical, accelerating planets. He also had a start on what gravity is, witch was found out later by Newton.

21.2-21.3 - Europe and the Americas - Enlighenment and Revolution

Period: 1642 to 1800

1642 - English Civil War
1689 - English Bill of Rights approved
1690 - Two Treatises on Government by Locke
1748 - The Spirit of The Laws by Montesquieu
1762 - The Social Contract by Rousseau
1776 - Declaration of Independence

21.2 - England - John Locke

1690

Around this time, John Locke published a book saying that the government had a contract with the people, he also stated that all people had natural rights, which included life, liberty and property.

21.1 - France - Voltaire

1694

Voltaire was a French philiosopher that mocked government and religion. Throughout his writings, he states that humans can improve themselves, not only God, he also goes against censorship. Around this time, he was born

21.3 - America - Declaration of Independence

1776

At this time, Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, a document that stated the United States seperate from the British and tells that the citizens have natural rights that the government must protect and also states that the citizens have the right to change their government.

8.3 - Modern Day - Greece - The Olympic Games

2016

Around this time, the Greek created the Olympic Games, to honor the gods, this eventually became the Olympic Games we know today.

10.3 - Modern Day - Rome - Vetoing

2017

This relates to the United States of America because the president had power to “veto” other official’s doings. Like the Roman Tribunes.

11.2 - Modern Day - Rome - The New Testament

2017

Constantine, as emperor collected many letters from the apostles and messages on Christ and made the New Testament, the one we know today.

16.2 - Modern Day - Aztec Empire - Foundation

2017

The Aztecs started making foundations very early in their society, when they started making their capital, they created foundations because the land they were on was marshy and not firm so they needed support for their buildings, becoming foundations.

3.3 - Modern Day - Mesopotamia - Math

2017

The sumerians excelled at math and used a base of sixty and learned about triangles, later becoming trigonometry.

5.5 - Modern Day - India - Hindu Arabic Numerals

2017

When the Indians invented the Hindu Arabic Numerals (1234567890)

6.1 - Modern Day - China - The Shang Dynasty created the first form of Chinese writing

2017

They created the first written form of Chinese, later changed to make the Chinese today.

9.1 - Modern Day - Greece - Marathons

2017

Because of the long 26 mile run of the messenger from marathon the Athens, the massenger dies. This impacted us today because now, we call long runs, marathons.

12.3 - Modern Day - Indonesia - Muslims

2017

Around this 1200 and 1600, Muslim traders came into Malaysia and Indonesia to trade, this resulted as Indonesia getting the highest Muslim population in the world.

13.4 - Modern Day - Africa - Blues

2017

The previous West African traditional music became the blues we know today. The West African music was normally played when something important happened.

14.2 - Modern Day - China - Porcelain

2017

In China, they created porcelain after it was so famous, and after exports got big, Porcelain was so famous in the west that it was known as China because it came from China.

3.3 - Modern Day - USA - Alphabet

2017

The Phonesians started the first alphabet that looks like our English alphabet.

4.4 - Modern Day - Egypt - Art

2017

The Egyptians did lots of art in their temples, tombs and daily life.

15.1-15.3 - Modern Day - Japan - Noh

2018

The noh plays originally created in Japan in the 1300s have continued to grow and expand, the Noh plays are still being played in Japan today. What started out as mimicking ended up as a popular form of plays in Japan.

17.2 - Modern Day - Europe - Christianity

2018

Most of Northern Europe now has Christianity because back in the 400s the Pope sent out many missionaries there and converted many to Christianity.

18.4 - Modern Day - France - Joan of Arc

2018

Even today in France, the French people still see Joan of Arc one of the Nation’s heroes. Joan of Arc rallied the French troops against England in the hundred year war, because of her the French managed to push out the English, but Joan was captured and killed in 1453.

19.2 - Modern Day - England - Shakespeare

2018

Back then in the late 1500s and early 1600s Shakespeare created great plays, in early English, some people consider him the greatest writer for being able to tell plays without an intro, only letting the audience find out by their dialogue or other ways. Shakespeare is still considered the greatest writer today by some people, some people still perform these plays today.

20.1 - Modern Day - UK - Gravity and Motion

2018

At this time, Newton had published a book on his discoveryies, mainly Gravity and Motion, about how things drop “down” and how when two things collide they cancel out or bounce back, cause and effect mainly, these laws are still taught in schools today, and these are still useful many things you do in your life.

21.2 - Modern Day - France - Charles-Louis Montesquieu

2018

He argued that the government should be separated into many branches, each keeping the others’ power in check, making sure none of the branches get too much power. This is affecting us today, as most governments today have many branches, each keeping the others’ power in check. Today it is known as Check and Balance.