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The Paleo Indians migrated to the Americas between 38,000 and 10,000 BC. After the ice age, the ice melted, exposing the Bering land bridge.They were hunter gatherers.
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The earliest people in North America were hunter gatherers. After 5000 BC, some of these people learned how to farm and they settled in villages. Anasazis live in the North American South-West, 1500 BC onwards. The Hopewell lived between 1000 BC and AD 700. They built mounds for their dead.
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The earliest American Cultures arose in Mesoamerica. These include the Olmec, Maya, Aztec and Inca civilizations.
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The people of Ghana were farmers along the Niger River. After AD 300 these farmers, Soninke, were threatened by nomadic herders. Ghana is an Islamic country. Mali lay along the upper Niger River. This area's fertile soil helped Mali grow. Mali's people could control trade along the Niger River causing the empire to grow rich and powerful. Mali had a famous, rich ruler named Mansa Musa. The Songhai Empire was conquered by Mansa Musa. It was then ruled by Adkin the Great.
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Europe was divided into many small kingdoms. This was a time of Feudalism; the system used by the nobles that separated people. In the late 1000's, a long series of wars began called the Crusades. During the Middle Ages trade began to increase and towns grow bigger. As trade routes spread, so did disease. The Black Death was spread by rats that were aboard ships and killed millions. Then the Renaissance began.
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Vikings were the first to reach North America. Leif Eriksson and his crew were going from Norway to Greenland but got of course and went to North America instead. Native Americans attacked the setterlers so they left.
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The word Renaissance means rebirth; the Renaissance was the rebirth of the Middle Ages. I brought new ways of thinking to European, weakening the old feudal system even more. They were always on the search for knowledge. The Renaissance emphasized the importance of people over religion. This was called humanism. During this time period the economy thrived through out Europe.
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Prince Henry was a leader in world exploration yet he never sailed. He made many schools to teach sailers.
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The Portuguese set out to find new lands, despite difficulties. in 1488 Bartolomeu led an expedition along the African coast. However his men could not carry on and supplies were very low so Bartolomeu and his crew returned to Portugal. Later, King Manuel of Portugal sent Vasco da Gama on an expedition past Cape of Good Hope. In July 1497, Da Gama left Portugal and arrived in India the next year. Portugal had found a sea route to Asia.
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The printing press was developed by Johannes Gutenberg. It was a giant step forward in spreading new ideas.
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European diseases killed off much of the Native american population so they needed a new labor force. Bartolome suggested using enslaved Africans as workers. Africans already had an immunity to European diseases so they were the solution. The slaves traveled through the Middle passage: through the Atlantic Ocean.
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On the 3rd of August, 1492 Christopher Columbus set sail to explore the Atlantic. On October 12th, 1492 he and his crew landed in the Bahamas. He thought he had reach Asia but was unaware that he was in America instead. In 1504, he died. Columbus had discovered a new trade route to the Americas, starting the Columbian Exchange. It dramatically changed the world. They both traded things that were previously not available to the other. Unfortunately they also shared diseases and slaves.
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Europeans wanted to find a Northwest Passage, a route to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The English, French and and Dutch all try to find it but it didn't exist.
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The Spanish explored and claimed much of North America.
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Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation, a religious movement to protest against the Catholic Church's. Many Protestants believed God meant for religion to be simple.
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Moctezuma ruled the Aztec Empire. The Spanish sent conquistadors. A conquistador named Cortes had 508 soldiers to fight against thousands of Aztecs, however the Spanish had guns and weapons and the Aztecs did not. The Aztec Empire fell. Another Conquistador, Francisco Pizarro heard about the Inca empire. With his 400 men and guns, he conquered the Inca Empire.
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The Spanish and Portuguese explored South America. The English, French and Dutch explored North America. These nation expanded their own empires.
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In July, 1588 the English defeated the Spanish.
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Colonists founded Jamestown. It was the first permanent English settlement in North America. There was a lot of disease and slavery.
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The Pilgrims moved to the Netherlands in 1608. They were immigrants.
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The Dutch founded New Netherlands in 1613 as a trading post for fur. William Penn got a charter from King Charles II to start New Jersey. It was made as a safe haven for Quakers.
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Maryland was made by George Calvert as a new colony in North America for Catholics.
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This bill made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians.
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These colonies are south of Virginia and were established by king, Charles II.
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Tension had arisen between New England colonists and the Wampanoag. By 1675 the King Philip war started.
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In 1764 Parliament passed the Sugar Act.
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This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items.
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Today more than 70 million people have been forced to move away from home because of conflict and disasters and are now living as migrants. The Paleo-Indians migrated to the Americas in 10,000 BC. However, they were not forced to go, they had a choice; they wanted to explore.
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Modern slavery can come in many forms. Forced labour is work that people are forced to do against their will. Debt bondage is when someone is required to work to pay off debt. Child slavery is when a child is exploited for someone else's gain. Human trafficking involves transporting and selling or buying people to be exploited. The Africa slave trade started in 1510. Unlike modern slaves, they only grew tobacco and worked at sugar plantations.