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Lowell’s first cotton mill
A mill, with water-powered machinery for spinning, roving, and carding cotton, began operating on the banks of the Blackstone River in Pawtuket, Rhode Island. Based on designs of the English inventor Richard Arkwright, the mill was built by Samuel Slater, a recent English immigrant . -
Lousiana Purchase
America bought lots of land from France. Napolean sold it to Thomas Jefferson. The land was from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. The price was $15 million. France needed the money to pay for their war with England. -
Missouri Compromise
Missouri entered the union as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state to preserve the balance of power. It drew a line at 36 degrees latitude: North of it slavery was banned and south of it slavery wasn’t banned. -
Andrew Jackson Elected
Andrew Jackson was a president of the United States. He was a Democratic-Republican who supported the Indian Removal Act. He was viewed as “the people’s president.” He was elected in 1828 when states in the west got voting rights and more votes. -
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Trail of Tears
Gold was discovered on Indian land the tribe that occupied that land was forced to move. They were all forced to leave eventually and they had to leave on the Trail of Tears. It was an 800 mile march where 4,000 people died. -
Indian Removal Act
Andrew Jackson issued this. It removed Indians from that settlers wanted. It removed the 5 civilizes tribes from their lands. The 5 tribes were the Cherokee, Chocktaw, Chickasaw, Seminole and the Creek.l -
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Mexican American War
The Mexican-American War was a war between Mexico and America in which they fought about the border. It is how America got the land from Texas to the Pacific Ocean. America and Mexico didn’t agree on a border and so they believed different -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was a compromise written by Henry Clay which admitted California to the Union but also opened the New Mexico and Utah territories to slavery. -
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a book that was written by an African-American slave describing experiences and how the life of a slave was. It was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. -
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Bleeding Kansas
Should Kansas join the Union as a free state or a slave state? -
Kansas Nebraska Act
Kansas and Nebraska to slavery. The territories were north of the Missouri Compromise line and they used popular sovereignty to decide whether this act would pass. -
Dred Scott Decision
The Dred Scott Decision was a Supreme Court case where they decided if when a slave travels with his master to a free state he was free or not. The Supreme Court ruled that he was still a slave. -
Bessemer process patented
The Bessemer process was the process used to create steel. It involved blowing air through iron, removing all of the impurities and creating steel. -
Oil discovered in Pennsylvania
OIl was discoered in Titusville by Edwin Drake. The oil industry explodes in Western Pennsylvania after this discovery. Oil becomes a cheap source or fuel for lamps, a lubricant for machinery, and eventually gasoline for cars. -
John Brown’s Raid
John Brown was an abolitionist who led a raid on Harper’s Ferry. He was trying to steal from the federal arsenal. He had hoped that slaves would come assist his raid but the help never came. -
Lincoln's election
Abraham Lincoln was elected president. He beat Steven Douglas. The South didnt like him and thought that the election was rigged so that was a reason for them to secede. -
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The Civil War
The South Seceded from the Union. Started when the South fired on Fort Sumter. Abraham Lincoln led the Union and they won. The North had many more advantages then the South. -
Emancipation Proclamation
President Lincoln declared all the slaves in the South free but the South didnt listen. It gave the North a reason to attack the South. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Battle in Gettsyburg. This battle had the most casualties on both sides combined. -
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Sherman's March to the Sea
From Tenessee to Atlanta. Sherman cut the confederacy in two pieces, It helped to institute the Anaconda Plan. Sherman marched the Union army from Tenessee to Atlanta destroying everything in their path. This was called Total War. -
13th Amendment
This amendment abolished slavery. Southern states were required to ratify this amendment to be readmitted to the union. -
Surrender at Appomattox Court House
The South surrendered the civil war at Appomattox Court House. -
Lincoln Assassinated
Lincoln was assinated by John Wilkes Booth who wanted to save the confederacy. He was shot while attending a play at Ford's Theater in Washington D.C. This made Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's vice president, the new president and took his place. -
Black codes
The black codes were laws that restricted the freedom and opportunities of African Americans. Denied rights like citizenship, voting, sercing on the jury, limited jobs, denied children entry to shchool, etc. Helped maintain social order, keeping African Americans at a lower class status. -
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Reconstruction
Reconstruction was when the United States was being rebuilt after the civil war. It was when the North and South were being put back together. -
Johnson’s Impeachment
Johnson was unhappy with the Radical Republicans so he fired Edwin Stanton, the Secretary of War. Congress decided to impeach him for breaking thae law that prohibits him from firing Stanton. Ended up being 1 vote short of being removed from office. -
14th Amendment
This amendment extended citizenship to everyone born in the United States. -
15th Amendment
This amendment said that states cannot deny voting rights to citizens based on race or previous enslavement -
Transcontinental Railroad completed
The Transcontinental Railroad was the first railroad spanning the entire country East to West. It was completed by multiple railroad companies whom used Irish and Chinese workers. The government sold the land to the companies cheap. Towns and cities sprang up alone the railroad route. -
Standard Oil Formed
Standard Oil was an oil company. It was Rockefeller's company. Rockefeller was a monopolist. He used horizontal integration to make his company so rich. He owned the step in the oil refining step that purified the oil. He was very rich. -
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The Gilded Age
Mark Twain refered to this time as the golden age. Gilded means that it appears to be gold but only on the outside. A closer look reveals that this time was anything but golden. -
First telephone called
It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. He Sent the first message on his phone. By 1893 250,000 phones in use. By 1920 13 million phones were in use -
Light bulb invented
Intented by Thomas Edison. By 1890 generating stations were providing electric power to all of the Unites States. The light bulbs help businesses to stay open longer . -
Sherman Antitrust Act
The Sherman Antitrust Act outlawed trusts and monopolies. It was not usually enforced. -
Carnegie forms his Steel Company
Carnegie formed his steel company when steel became needed for many new inventions such as skyskrapers and traintracks. Carnegie was a monopolist. He used the bessemer process to make his steel. He had the iron to produce the steel from so it worked out well.