1815-1914 Timeline

By dolmstead1

  • The Establishment of Fort Victoria

    George Simpson was frightened that the Americans who were settling in Oregon might colonize and take over Fort Vancouver. He then ordered his Chief Factor, James Douglas, to establish a new fort on Vancouver Island, Fort Victoria.

  • Oregon Boundary Treaty

    James Polk, the newly elcted President of the United States, negotiated with the British for the Oregon Territory. They decided on the 49th parellel. It let the British keep Vancouver Island, but the States claimed Oregon and Washington State as their own.

  • Douglas Negotiates Land Treaties to the Native Peoples

    Douglas was fairly worried about one problem, The area of Victoria was mainly populated by Natives, and they needed to clear out of the general area for Douglas to continue colonization. He decided to make some treaties. They would have to surrender their land to the Europeans, but could retain their hinting and fishing rights.

  • Gold Discovered in the Cariboo

    When Gold was discovered in the Cariboo, Californians rushed up at the thought of plentiful gold. Unfortunately, it attracted so many people that most miners didn't even get a chance of looking for gold in the rivers.

  • The Crown Colony of British Columbia

    After the Cariboo Gold Rush, the population of Vancouver Island and British Columbia rapidly decreased.They both had debts by 1866, for a grand total of 1,300,000 combined. The two colonies decided to formally join as British Columbia. Unfortunately, this didn't solve their economic woes.

  • Three Main Factions of British Columbia

    Confederationalists- people who approve confederation
    Anti-Confederationalists- people who disapprove confederation
    Annexationalists- people who are against both views and want to be annexed by the States

  • The Railway Survey

    When MacDonald said he would build a national railway from Eastern to Western Canada, he was not well informed of the harsh terain of British Columbia. He sent surveyors to examine possible routes for the CPR, which bought time to arrange financing for the railway. There were 21 possible routes found. The new director of the Surveying Department, Marcus Smith approved a route through Pine Pass into Skeena River, because of its closeness to Asia.

  • The Formation of the NWMP

    The NWMP was mainly meant to help stop the American Booze Trade. The Canadian Gov't thought the Northwest was in danger of being assimilated by the US, and thats how the North West Mounted Police was born. They also helped to supress the Metis in the NW Rebellion.

  • MacDonald's National Policy

    After winning the 1878 Federal Election, Macdonald created the National Policy to "build the nation," mainly by dealing with some key problems.

  • A System of Protective Tariffs (National Policy

    Due to the US companies producing and manufacturing cheaper goods pushed the Canadian economy downhill. MacDonald decided to protect industries such as mining, manufacturing and agriculture with tariffs. This made US goods too expensive for the Canadian Market

  • Western Settlement (National Policy)

    Since the Canadian Prairies are so well-suited to agriculture, the Canadian Gov't wanted to encourage farmers to settle there. MacDonald and other governments discouraged manufacturing in the West so that farming would become a popular market in the industruea east.

  • The Building of the CPR (National Policy)

    This was the main building block for MacDonald's National Policy. Without reliable transportaion of goods and people, the West couldn't really settle as an Agricutural area. This became the Canadian Govt's top priority.

  • Difficulties of the CPR

    When the construction of the CPR began in 1881, it was moving very slowly with only 230 kilometres of track laid in that year. Even with the help of William Van Horne, They ran out of money to fund the CPR, which forced to workers to strike.

  • Bad Treatment of the Chinese in British Columbia

    When the CPR was facing shortage of workers, they hired Chinese to do the job. Unfortunately , they lived in seperate camps, got incredibly poor amounts of food and housing. The death rate was over 600 in the years of the CPR. Others opened general stores and restaurants in mining towns. Some people were too poor to return to China, so decided to move into the cities and start a new life there.

  • The Metis Send Grievances Through the Metis Bill of Rights

    The Metis exclaim their problems to the Canadian Government by making a list of grievances to show that the Metis are unjustly treated. Such grivances include:
    -Indians in the area are poor and are scarce in food and other basic materials
    -settlers charged dues for firewood, timber and nails

  • The Northwest Rebellion

    As the Metis and the Canadian Gov't were forced to make war, Louis Riel, who came up from Montana to kelp his comrades, addresed the Metis at St. Laurent to prepare for battle.However, there were over 5000 Canadian Militia going against 300 Metis. Although they held their ground for three days, the Metis were forced to surrender, which let to the capture of Louis Riel.

  • Louis Riel's Trial

    After the Northwest Rebellion, Louis Riel was charged with high treason, where the only able punishment for that so treacherous was death.His lawyers wanted him to plead not guilty by reason of insanity, becuase they believed it was the only way to save him. The verdict, he was charged with high treason and was hanged on November 16, 1885.

  • The Reaction of Louis Riel's Death

    There were many different opinions of Louis Riel's Hanging in November, 1885. In Ontario, which is mainly English Protestants, was happy that Riel was condemned to the fate decided for him. Nevertheless, the French Catholics in Quebec thought Riel was a good factor in the rights of the French, therefore were unhappy at the fact of his death.

  • The "Last Best West"

    The Prairies saw a great amount of production during the Laurier Era. The end of the depression, a growing world demand for wheat, and the end of free homestead lands in the States made settling in the Prairies more comfortable. Between 1896 and 1914, the population of the Prairies boomed with settlers.

  • The Effects of "Push/Pull Factors

    In thirty years, population in Canada doubled. This was mainly because of certain push pull factors. This was mainly because people had the need to leave their homeland(push) and/or they were tempted to come settle in Canada (pull).Certain immigrants wanted to immigrate to Canada to improve living conditions (pull), and fled their own countries from crop failures and starvation.(push).

  • A French-Canadian is Elected for Prime Minister-Sir Wilfred Laurier

    After more than 20 years of Conservative rule, Sir Wilfred Laurier was elected into the House of Parliamant. Unfortunately, because he was a French-Canadian Catholic, he had to be wary about dealing with the topic of language and religion.

  • The Effects of the Klondike Gold Rush

    The Gold Rush brought people up by the thousands. It even helped to ease the pain of a worldwide depression by stimulating investment. The immense population growth was so great that the Canadian Government decided to establish the Yukon Territory, with Dawson City it;s Capital.

  • The Emergence of the Boer War

    Britain had claimed many parts of Africa as their own by 1899. They now set their eyes on a new piece of land, which happened to be inhabited by the Boers. These people were descendents of early Dutch colonists in that area. Britain seemed keenly interested in the Boer's gold and diamond mines, and in the Boer's eyes, thought it as them taking over their land. As a result, they declared war on the British.

  • Contreversy of the Canadians During the Boer War

    While English-Canadians wanted to support Britain in the ongoing war, French-Canadians opposed and sympathised with the Boers.Laurier decided to compremise and send troops to help Britain against the Boers. This angered many French-Canadians, who thought it was unjust of Laurier, who is a French-Canadian, to help the British.

  • Women Suffragists in Canada

    The time of the Canadian Suffragists (mainly women) came during the Laurier Era.The first countries to allow the extended voting rights of women were Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta(1916). A year later, women gained the right to vote in British Columbia.

  • Alaska Boundary Causes a Problem for Canadians

    Back in 1898, the only way to access the Klondike goldfields was through American Territory, which did not prove helpful to the Canadians. Laurier decided to have an international tribunal(which consisted of 3 Americans, 1 British, and 2 Canadians.)

  • The Dreaded Navy Crisis

    There was also a major dispute when it came to the topic of the Navy in the minds of the Canadians. There was a growing German Navy, which strongly challenged that of the British. Laurier introduced the Naval Service Act, they would have a Navy of their own, but would be sent to Britain in times of need. French-Canadians opposed because it tied too closely to British Imperial policies, and the English Canadians didn't want a "tin-pot" navy.

  • Consumption, Scarcity, Goods and Services

    Consumption- the use or purchase of goods to satisfy wants
    Scarcity- an insufficient amount
    Goods- supplies or products that can be sold
    Services-intangible things that satisfy a want, for example, banking, insurance, and transportation services

  • The Basic Laws of Supply and Demand

    Supply is the relationship between the amount of a good or service available for sale and its price. Demand is the relationship between the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing to buy and its price. E.g. When the price of a good or service goes down, demand goes up. When demand goes up, prices will go up with it. When prices are high, supply goes up, if prices are low, production will go down.

  • The Importance of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quartenary Activities

    Primary- harvesting and collecting various resources (fishing, mining, agriculture, woodcutting)
    Secondary- processing and manufacturing of resources( housing, automobiles, computers).
    Tertiary- produce services ( banking, car dealerships, medical services)
    Quartiary- the creationand imformation of ideas (medical research, computer software development, fashion design).

  • Major Economies of Canada- The Atlantic Region

    The Atlantic region is known mainly for the vast amounts of cod (until overfished.) There was also lots of potato farming in the red soils of PEI and New Brunswick. There were also many zinc, coal, and lead deposits, and timber as well to be farmed in the Atlantic.

  • Major Economies of Canada- Great Lakes & St. Lawrence

    Fishing, agricuture, and wood cutting are the most notable industries in the Great Lakes. The soil is very fertile near the rivers for effective farms.

  • The Economies of Canada- The Canadian Shield

    The Shield is the biggest economic region in Canada. It holds large deposits of zinc, copper, gold, nickel, silver and lead. There is a plentiful area for woodcutting, but it is very cold, which makes agriculture limited.

  • The Economies of Canada- The Prairies

    The main economy in the prairies is farming. It holds a lot of space for wheat and barley farming, as well as ranching. There is also rich amounts of oil, as discovered in 1914.

  • Fishing in Canada

    Mainly in the coastal regions in Canada (British Columbia and The Maritimes) lies the fishing industry. In the Maritimes, cod were extremely plentiful, almost so plentiful there was a rumor you could walk on the cods backs because of how much there was. It died though, due to water pollution and overfishing. In BC, salmon fishing is very popular, especially to the natives who consider it a part of their way of life. Jobs have lowered there as well, due to closing of canneries.

  • Forestry in Canada

    This Provided many jobs, especially in British Columbia, such as jobs in the pulp and paper mills, and obviously, woodcutting. As cities began to grow, however, the amount of workers left various lumber sites to find new life in the cities. as technology grew, more efficient and enviromentally-friendly ways of forestry began to grow. Unfortunately, growth of forests has dropped due to air pollution.

  • Mining in Canada

    Mining was an abundance all over Canada, such as gold, silver, coal, copper, zinc, lead, etc. Coal is a major industry in both BC and cape Breton. This attracts many workers trained in this line of work, but of course, minerals don't last.Mines will run out of minerals and eventually close down, sometimes making the nearby town drop in population, or completely close down.

  • Agriculture in Canada

    Farming is a major industry in Canada as well, especially in the Prarie region(wheat,etc.) Almost 80% of farms were in the Prairies, which obviouls means tons of jobs. However, urbanization becaome to overshadow the farming industry, and many people have moved over to the cities, resulting in fewer and larger farms.