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Rebels seized Nanjing, the sec- ond largest city of the empire, and massacred 25,000 men, women, and children.
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The Chinese agreed to legalize the opium trade and open new ports to foreign trade.
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After a long period of peace and prosperity, the Qing dynasty of the Manchus was at the height of its power.
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The Chinese agreed to open five coastal ports to British trade, limit taxes on imported British goods, and pay for the costs of the war.
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The Qing dynasty was in decline. Unable to restore order themselves, government troops had relied on forces recruited by regional war- lords to help fight the Tai Ping Rebellion.
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Another blow further disintegrated the Qing dynasty.
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The army restored order and demanded more conces- sions from the Chinese government.
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The civil service examination system was replaced by a new educational system based on the Western model.
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Empress Dowager Ci Xi, who had long resisted her advisers’ sug- gestions for change, now embraced a number of reforms in education, adminis- tration, and the legal system.
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Elections for a national assembly were even held in 1910.