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8000 BCE
Beginning of New World agriculture
The beginning of agriculture in the New World started in roughly 1800 b.c.e. 1500 years after those in the fertile crescent began. The beginning of agriculture made those who participated more stable and created surpluses of food which grew the people as well as creating specialization which would last into the future. -
7000 BCE
Pueblo/Anasazi
The Pueblo peoples lived in the area that is present-day Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. They had an extensive network of cliffside dwellings called pueblos. Pueblos were apartment-like structures with homes made out of adobe mud, stone, and local materials. The Pueblo peoples aside from their pueblos they were known for there extensive pottery words as well as pictographs which were very elaborate and extensive drawings which involved figures that almost looked like phantoms or aleins. -
2000 BCE
Maya civilization
Maya civilization was one of the earliest civilizations. The Maya resided from southeastern Mexico all the way down to parts of El Salvador. The Maya functioned as a group of city-states with the largest of the cities being Teotihuacan besides being the largest it was one of the most influential politically due to its size. The Maya also created the only known complete written language in Meso-America, even though much didn't survive it does leave a history for future generations. -
27 BCE
Rome
The Roman Empire was one of the largest of it's time with most of modern day west Europe under it's control. Futhermore the Roman empire was more powerful with no match. The Roman empire fell after a series battles against the invading goths which led to the defeat of Roman Emperor Valens which maked the decline of Rome, eventually Augustus was deposed offically ending the Roman empire. -
1096
The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims. There was a total of 8 crusades. The Crusades brought back lost knowledge of Roman & Greek times. The Crusades while a complete failure, it helped spread Christianity farther. -
1139
Templars
The Templars also known as the Knights Templar. The Templars were a Catholic military order which participated in the Crusades. When the holy lands were lost the group lost support. It later was later disbanded from pressure from King Philip. -
1300
The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a cultural movement during the 14th century. The Renaissance consisted of improvements in technology, art, and science. With increasing understanding of diseases & the sciences resulting in farther spread from religion. Artist such as DaVinci & Michelangelo created realistic arts. -
1347
The Black Death
The Black Death was one of the most devastating. The Black Death was spread from rats & fleas which traveled along the silk road with merchants. Futhermore, the death of millions led to a shortage of workers which led to a increased pay for workers as they could demand more. -
1450
Dark Ages
The Dark ages otherwise known as the middle ages was the deterioration of demographics, cultural, and economies. The middle ages also created feudalism which was the social hierarchy system that would spread and last in some places to almost the 19th century. The dark ages also had people look towards the Catholic Church which increased the churches prominance. -
1492
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was a Spanish explorer who sailed west in an attempt to find an easier way to Asia. He was appointed by Isabella I of Castile. He went on 4 separate voyages all of which contrary to belief never landed in North America. He would also become Governer of the Indies for 7 years. -
1499
Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer who conjected Columbus findings, saying that the land mass found wasn't Asia rather it was a landmass unknown by the old world. He refered to the new lands as the New World. The Americas would be named after him as America is the latin version of Vespucci's first name. -
Slavery || Slavery in Colonial America
Slavery in colonial America started during the 1600s. Slavery in the colonies started in the 1600s when the first colonies, slavery really picked up in the 1670s where plantations started to form creating a demand for slaves. Most of the slaves in the South worked on plantations/farms while those in the North worked easier jobs such as house cleaning and ship hands. Slavery in America also led way to the Atlantic Slave trade where slaves from Africa would be traded for American goods. -
English Colonization
British Colonization was late to the party due to them not developing proper navigation skills. Their colonization was a system of charters and private ventures. The colonization consisted on the east coast and parts of Canada. -
Virginia / Colony of Virginia
The Colony of Virginia was settled in 1607. The first successful settlement in Jamestown. Virginia's location provided a good location for farming turning Virginia into a provider of tobacco. In 1775 before the Decleration of Independed Virginia became the commonwealth of viriginia. -
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Colonial America to 1763
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Plymouth / Plymouth Colony
The Plymouth Colony was settled in 1620. The colony was created as an area for Puritans escaping persecution in Europe. It surveyed by Captain John Smith. Plymouth served as the capital for the colony until it's end. -
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower was the first governing document within the Plymouth Colony and was written on the Mayflower on November 11th, 1620. The Mayflower was a social contract in which the settlers consented to the community's rules and regulations in order to survive. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was settled in 1628. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was the most northern with an emphasis on harbors. The Colony was home to areas such as Salem and Boston. The Colony was one of the most successful and would later be home to the beginning of the American Revolution. -
Carolinas / Province of Carolina
The Province of Carolina was founded March 24th, 1663. The colony was founded by a group of eight English noblemen known as the Lords Proprietors. The colony was intended to serve as a buffer between the more important northern colonies and Spanish lands in the south. -
Maryland / Province of Maryland
The Province of Maryland was chartered in 1632. The colony was created by Lord Baltimore as an area for English Catholics. The Colony was also home to the Glorious Revolution where Lord Baltimore was removed from power. Later in 1715 power would be restored to the Baltimore family. -
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts were passed in 1660. The acts were a series of laws created to regulate shipping, trade, and commerce between other countries and the American Colonies. The acts were targeted at the Dutch who were the most powerful commerical force in Europe. -
New York / Province of New York
The Province of New York was formed in 1664. The Colony was originally under Dutch control and was a part of New Netherland. The colony would become under English control the Governor surrendered to the English fleed in 1664. Where it would become New York after the Duke of York. -
New Jersey / Province of New Jersey
The Province of New Jersey was established in 1664. The Colony was originally settled by the Dutch, where it was called New Netherland. The colony would come into English rule after Fort Amsterdam surrendered in 1664 to the English. The English would turn the colony into the Province of New Jersey. -
Bacon's rebellion
Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676. The rebellion consisted of Virginia settlers who were led by Nathaniel Bacon against its governor William Berkeley. The rebellion would eventually drive out Berkeley until it faced resistance from armed merchant sips and later English forces. -
Pennsylvania / Province of Pennsylvania
The Province of Pennsylvania was founded on March 4th, 1681. The colony was formed by William Penn as the King granted him land. Pennsylvania also had an early government which had a Provincial Council and a larger General Assembly. Later during the American Revolution Pennsylvania would have a part break off and become what is modern day Delaware. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment took place during 1685-1700. The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement which came up with a new range of ideas in liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional governments, and separation of church and state. It brought up ideas that would last till today such as freedoms, democracy, and religious tolerance. Many ideas from this period would become a staple in American ideals. -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution took place in 1688. The revolution's purpose was to overthrow King James II of England. The revolution consisted of English Parliament, Welsh & Scottish society. The revolution was due to a opposition of religious tolerance by King James as well as his close ties with france. -
Salem witch trials
The Salem witch trials were a series of prosecutions & hearings of those accused of witchcraft between 1692 and 1693. The witch trials took place in Salem, Ipswich & Andover. The most famous trials were in Salem. By the end of the trials more than 200 were accused, nineteen were found guilty and hanged. -
Acts of Union (1707)
The Acts of Union where two Acts of Parlament consisting of the Union with Scotland Act 1706 and the Union with England Act. The acts were to merge the two countries. The result was the Kingdom of Great Britain which lasts to modern day. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a religious revival in the 1730s and 40s. The Great Awakening was a way of renewing dedication towards religion due to a passion being lost due to secular rationalism. During the movement Christian leaders often traveled from town to town preaching gospel & promoted Christianity. This Great Awakening would have a lasting impact keeping Christianity apart of America until modern day. -
Colonial Economies
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French and Indian War / Seven-Years War
The French and Indian war took place during 1754 - 1763. The larger conflict was called the Seven-Years War while the North American portion was most known as the French and Indian War. The war was caused due to border disputes/worries by the British and French. The war would end in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris providing the British and it's colonies mass amounts of land. After the war, the British would tax the colonies leading the way to the later American Revolution. -
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The Revolutionary War 1763 - 1783
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Revenue Act / Sugar Act
The Sugar Act as passed by Parliment and put in place on April 5th, 1764. The act took taxes on specific goods that would be checked before unloading. The taxes were a way the British believed would pay for the French and Indian wars as they defended the colonists and believed it was only fair to tax them. The act was hated and would later be repealed. -
Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was passed by parliament in 1764. The Stamp Act put a tax on printed materials. The printed materials would have a revenue stamp. The act included items such as legal documents, magazines, playing cards, newspapers, and other paper documents. -
Declaratory Act
The Declaratory Acts were put in place on March 18th, 1766. The act was to remove the stamp act. Furthermore, the act stated that Great Britian's taxing authority was the same in the colonies as in the mainland. -
Townshend Acts
The Townshend Acts was passed in 1767. The acts were actually 5 acts. The 5 acts are The New York Restraining Act, Revenue Act, Indemnity Act, Commissioners of Customs, & Vice-Admiralty Court. The acts were meant to raise revenue in the colonies, punish New York, and establish that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre took place on March 5th, 2018. The massacre was a confrontation which British troops shot and killed five people while being harassed/attacked by the locals. The inccident was exagerated hence the name Boston Massacre to encourage rebellion. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party took place on December 16th, 1773. The Tea Party was a protest by the Sons of Liberty. They disguised themselves as Native Americans and dumped shipments of tea from the East India Company into the harbor. -
Coercive Acts / Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts were passed by Parliment in 1774. The acts were to punish Massachusetts due to the Boston tea party. The acts took away self-governance and historic rights of Massachusetts. -
First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress took place from September 5th, 1774 to October 26, 1774. The congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies. The congress was called in response to the intolerable acts passed by Parliment. They would attempt to appeal to the crown which was in vain. They would organize defense of the colonies and urge the setup of militias. -
Prohibitory Act
The Prohibitory Act was passed in 1775. The Prohibitory act was a means to help subdue the rebellion in America. The act put up a blockade stopping all trade and commerce. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation were written on November 15th, 1777. The Articles were the first attempt at an government within the United States. The Articles would evntually be scraped for the constitution as the Articles lacked enough federal power to keep the country stable. -
Massachusetts Constitution
The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts was written in 1778. The Constitution was the governing document of Massachusetts and was written by John Adams. The Constitution would later become the model for the United States Constitution. -
Architecture
As the United States built up they had to decide how they would do their government buildings. As the United States was a democratic nation they looked for a democratic style. As the greeks were the original democratic nation they chose to build there government buildings after Greek Architecture to symbolize democracy. -
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The Constitutional
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Shay's rebellion
Shay's Rebellion took place in 1786. The Rebellion took place in Massachusetts, specifically around Springfield. The rebellion was led by Daniel Shay a former soldier of the Continental army. He attempted to seize the Springfield Armory in an attempt to seize its weapons and overthrow the government. He believed that the article of confederations need reformation and the rebellion would be the catalyst. The rebellion was put down by the Massachusetss state militia. -
The Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention took place from May 25th, 1787 to September 17th, 1787. The convention was intended to revise/reform the articles of confederation. Most of the delegates at the convention eventually agreed that they would need to draft/write up a new document. Therefore, when the conventions would end in September 17th, 1787 the United States would have a new form of government known as the Constitution which to this day is still used by the United States. -
Virginia Plan | Constitutional convention
The Virginia plan was proposed on May 29th, 1787 by James Madison. The plan outlines a legislative branch that had two chambers otherwise known as a bicameral legislature. Further, the plan states that representation should be based upon population. This plan was very popular with larger states where they would have more power. Smaller states followed the New Jersey plan which all states had the same representation. -
New Jersey Plan | Constitutional Convention
The New Jersey plan was proposed on June 15th, 1787. The plan was created as a response to the Virginia plan which made larger states more powerful compared to the smaller ones as it suggested representation based population. The plan outlined that all states would have one vote under one legislative body similiar to that in the Articles of confederation. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was set up in 1787. The Northwest Ordinance set up the western expansion past the Appalachian Mountains. The Northwest ordinance was developed as a quick method of dividing the land in the new territories. The Ordinance would stand as the basis for the division of slavery which will last until the civil war. -
Election of 1788
The Election of 1788 took place from December 15th, 1788 to January 10th, 1789. This was the first election in America. It was also the first test of the new Constitution setup previously set up by the Constitutional convention. During the election George Washington became President of the United States with John Adams becoming vice president. -
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New Republic
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Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights was created in September 25th, 1789, though they weren't ratified until December 15th, 1791. The Bill of rights was written by James Madison as a result of people's complaints about the greater protection of individual rights and limits for government power. The Bill wouldn't impact Americans greatly until the addition of the 14th Amendment where states are required to enforce it as well. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion took place on August 18th, 1792. The Rebellion was caused by taxes on liquors in 1791 which were used to pay back debts from the Revolutionary War. The rebellion was stopped quickly and effectively due to the new powers held by the federal government. The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated the effectiveness of the Constitution and proved government power. -
Cotton Gin
The Cotton Gin would be created by Eli Whitney in 1793. The cotton gin is used to quickly separate seeds from cotton. It did the work of many in a quicker and better fashion. The cotton gin was created to reduce the dependence on slaves. Rather the cotton gin actually increased the use of slaves drastically, as the machine worked faster than cotton could be picked. -
Jay's Treaty
Jay's treaty was signed by representatives of the United States and Great Britain on November 19th, 1794. The treaty was made by John Jay hence the name. The Treaty settled disputes between the two countries since the end of the American Revolution. Within the treaty, the British agreed to remove their forts in the northwest. The treaty didn't stop British impressment which further outraged Jeffersonians and would later ultimately lead to the War of 1812. -
Election of 1796
The Election of 1796 took place on November 4th, 1796. The election was the first election to have a President and Vice President not elected from the same parties. Furthermore, during this election, Washington doesn't go for a 3rd term. The election was between John Adam(federalist) and Thomas Jefferson(Republican). John Adams will win the election and Jefferson will become Vice President. -
Election of 1800
The Election of 1800 took place on December 3rd, 1800. The election would be a rematch from the Election of 1796. Democratic-republicans are under Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Jefferson and John Adams as a federalist. Jefferson will win the election and John Adams would lose. Jefferson and Aaron Burr would tie with 73 votes each. The tie would be broken by the House of repsentatives. -
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The Age of Jefferson
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Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison took place on February 28th, 1803. The issue at hand would be that Marbury wouldn't get his promised office spot as Madison refused to send out the letters once he took over. The case would become a landmark case which gave the Supreme Court the job of judicial review and the power to deem acts in conflict with the constitution. This would set the job for the Supreme Court into modern day. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase would take place on April 30th, 1803. The land would be purchased from a Napolean in need of money for his conquests. The land would be sold to Jefferson for 15 million dollars for 827,000. That cost amounts to 3 cents per acre. This purchase would benefit Jefferson as he wants a nation of farmers and this land would help. Furthermore, it would provide the U.S. control of the Mississippi River and New Oreans. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest destiny was a movement that lasts for much of American history. It was most prominent during the 19th century. The movement was the belief that the United States should reach from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific ocean. It began at first with the Louisiana purchase, next was the joining of Texas, the joining of Texas would lead the Mexican-America war which would lead to a huge chunk of land which reached to the east coast. -
War of 1812
The War of 1812 started on June 18th, 1812. The war would be a conflict between the United States and Great Britain. The war is a result of British violation of American sovereignty, as they refused to give up the forts promised in the Treaty of Paris. They also issued trade restrictions to attempt to disrupt American trade with the French. The war would end with a draw, the war also cemented American Soverignty in the eyes of the world and itself. -
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American industrial revolution
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Telegraphs
Telegraphs would be first invented in 1816. The telegraph was built by inventor Francis Ronald. The Telegraphs would create the first instant communication. The telegraphs used Morse code to transmit its messages over electrical lines. The telegraphs in the United States would follow train lines and later help the Union win the civil war as well as provide instant news and messages anywhere. -
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
The Adam-Onis treaty would be put in place on February 22th, 1819. The Treaty was an agreement between the United States and Spain to give Florida to the United States and set a boundary with the United States and Mexico. The Treaty would settle the border disputes between the United States and Spain. This would be one step to a later idea of Manifest Destiny. -
McCulloch v. Maryland
McCulloch v. Maryland took place on September 6th, 1819. The case would be another landmark and important Supreme court case on federal power. This case the Supreme Court would rule that Congress had the power to create a second Bank of the United States & Maryland did not have the power to tax the Bank of the United States. The reasoning would be in the 10th amendment it states power not given to the federal is given to the states. This would later lead to the Southern succession. -
Panic of 1819
The Panic of 1819 would take place on November 24th, 1819. The Panic would be the first major financial crisis in the United States. The post-war expansion would halt and cause banks to fail and as a result, many people lost jobs and couldn't pay things such as mortgages and were forced to foreclose. The falling prices would impair manufacturing/invovation and trade affecting the worl. -
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A Changing culture
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Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise would pass in March 3rd of 1820. The Compromise would be passed to fix the problems due to the request of Missouri admission into the Union. The compromise would set up a balance between the free and slave states. It would create an imaginary line at 36 30. States above this line would be free and those states that are below would be considered as a slave state. This would only be a temporary solution as it won't work once the Union started advancing west. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine would be delivered at Monroe's speech on December 2nd, 1823. The Doctrine stands as a foreign policy statement that would separate European and North American influence. The Doctrine states that the United States would not interfere with European colonies and affairs basically remaining neutral. With this, it also states that no European country should establish colonies within the Western Hemisphere. -
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Age of Jackson
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Immigration
The start of major immigration would start in 1825. Immigration increased due to industrials effects of creating economic growth and increased job availability. Immigration would almost become a requirement as factories demanded large labor forces which would hire anyone. Immigrants in the United States would come from all over eastern European countries such as Italy, Greece, Ireland, German and more. -
Presidency of John Q. Adams
John Quincy Adams would become President on March 4th of 1825. Adam was a minority president, actually the first. His presidency in comparisons to those before and after would be pretty lacking. He would change tarriff rules, establish a national bank, given a gay rule, and finally spoke against slavery. -
Temperance
The Temperance movement picked up mainly in the 1820s. During the industrial revolution many people looked at alcohol as an escape and as a result there was a massive increase in alcohol usage. People believed that alcohol was the root of issues such as family violence, crime, bad morals, and poverty. The American Temperance Society would be formed to help stop alcohol abuse. This movement would lead to the prohibition in the 20th century which outright banned alcohol. -
Election of 1828
The Election of 1828 would take place on October 31st of 1828. The election was the 11th election. This election changed one thing and it was the Congressional caucuses, nominations were no longer by caucuses rather they were conventions and state legislatures. This election was the first elections to include personal attacks such as those on Jacksons wife which he would later blame for her death. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson would officially become president on March 4th of 1829. Jackson would create the idea of the common man and the Spoils System. Before Andrew's Presidency he was a United States Army general which fought in the war of 1812 and won against the British in New Orleans making him a war hero. Jackson would use this war hero to gain him presidency. -
First Police Forces
The first police for was formed on September 29th, 1829. The first police forces actually came about in England during their industrial revolution and were know as bobbies. The London Police force would be the first police force created by an act of Parliament. This police force would be brought up by Sir Robert Peel. Robert Peel would later become known as the creator/father of policing. His policing policies would lead the way for cities such as New York and their police forces. -
Lowell Mills
The Lowell mills would be created in the 1830s. The Mills would be created by the Boston Company in Lowell Massachusetts. The Mills would be staffed by 8000 young women. They offered housing and sustenance for the women. The women would stay on the mills becoming a sort of social test. By the late 1840's the wwomen would be replaced by immigrant workers. The mills would be a start to the industrial revolution. -
Nativism
Nativism was a movement in the 1830s. Nativism was a movement that favored people that originally inhabited the lands instead of an immigrant. Such as how the Americans didn't want Irish as they were stealing jobs from Americans how were actually born in the country. Immigrants such as the Chinese were often discrimated against as a result of nativism. -
Trail of Tears
The trail of tears took place on September 7th or 1832. The trail of tears was a result of Jackson's removal policy of the Indians. His policy force Indians to move Cherokee to move to Oklahoma. The Cherokee would face hunger, disease, and exhaustion. 4,000 Indians would die on the travels. As a result of all these issues they migration would be called the "Trail of tears". -
Election of 1832
The election of 1832 took place in November 2nd of 1832. The election would be Andrew Jackson(Democrat) vs Henry Clay(Whig) and the outlier William Wirt(Masonic Party). The election would be Andrew Jackson second term. The election would also be the first election that delegates vote for party nominees. Jackson won overwhelmigly with 219 votes vs Clay's 49 votes and Wirt's pathetic 1 vote. -
Nullification Crisis
The Nullification Crisis would take place on November 24th, 1832. The Nullification Crisis is when Southerners questioned whether Jackson and the Democrats represent their best interests. What result was a confrontation between Jackson and South Caroline when they created Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of nullification. This would eventually lead to the split of the Union during Abraham's presidency. -
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism was a movement that took place in the 1830s. The movement was a Romantic tradition that everyone can reach the ultimate truths through a spiritual intuition. The movement suggests to transcends sensory experience. It was believed that each person could directly communicate with nature and especially god. As a result, there was no point for churches. Ralph Waldo was the transcendalist writeer that founded the movement. -
Texas
The Texas independence starts with Moses Austin getting permission with Mexico to bring in American settlers. Moses Austin will later die and Stephen F. Austin will take over and bring people to Texas. These settlers will eventually butt heads with the Mexican government. This would cause the Texans to rebel against Mexico. Though the support of those in America Sam Houston will defeat Santa Anna and wins Texas its independence. -
Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jacinto took place on April 21st, 1836. The battle of San Jacinto took place in Harris County, Texas, It was the deciding battle of the Texas Revolution. The battle would last 18 mins and killed 630 Mexican troops and 730 were captured while only 9 Texas would be killed. Sam Houston would defeat Santa Anna's Army. -
Iron Plow
The Iron plow was created on March 16th, 1837. The plow was invented by John Deere. John Deere was an American blacksmith and would create John Deere an industrial machine might to this day. The plow would be created as a way to help those in the mid-west easily break up tough ground for crops. This would drasically improve the soil and land of the west and it's future. -
Election of 1840
The election took place during 1840. During this election, Martin Van Buren would be beaten by Whig nominee due to the issues of the Panic of 1836. While the Whigs got their president, though Harrison would die a month after his inauguration. This would make him the shortest-lived president. John Tyler would become President and he would reverse all of the whigs plans. -
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Westward Expansion
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Second Great Awakening
The Secong Great Awakening arose in the 1800s. The awakening would be on the most significant occurences in the history of American religion. Many people started to convert and with churches changing, the awakening would influence women's rights, education reform, abolishment of slavery and literature. Women's positions in churches changed drasically as the awakening went through. -
Mexican American War
The Mexican American war would start in 1846. The war was caused over the annexation of Texas and when US troops crossed the Nueces River into an area that was disputed it caused the start of the war. The United States would use this and push and beat Mexico swiftly. After the defeat the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo would signed and it would give America large amounts of land in what is now Arizona, New Mexico, California, Utah and more. -
Battle of Vera Cruz
The Battle of Vera Cruz was a siege that took place in 1847. Vera Cruz was a vital seaport. The Americans would start the battle with a large assault of the city from the sea, it would result in a stale mate. At that moment it was decided to siege. After a 12 day siege of Vera Cruz with artillery fire and extensive damage the Mexicans defending the city would surrender to the Americans. -
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Sectional Crisis
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California Gold Rush
James Marshall discovered gold on John Sutter's land in California in 1848. People started to hear about this gold in California via word of mouth, newspaper, and letters. About 300,000 people would rush to California in search of Gold and making it rich. It all led to a huge influx of immigrants and money which helped the American economy and it made California became a state without being a territory first. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo would take be signed on February 2nd, 1848. The Treaty would end the US/Mexican War. The treaty would be signed by Major General Winfield Scott a general in the United States Army. The treaty is one of the oldest treaties followed by the United States and Mexico. The Treaty gave the United States 500,000 square miles of territory which helped them achieve there manifest destiny. -
Election of 1848
The Election of 1848 was held on November 7th, 1848. The election was Zachary Taylor(Whig) v. Lewis Cass(Democratic) v. Martin van Buren(Free Soil). Zachary Taylor would win this election due to him being a war hero of the Mexican War. Zachary would be president though he would die in office causing Millard Fillmore to become president. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was put into place in January 29th, 1850. The Compromise put in place to deal with the abolition of the slave trade in Washington D.C, the strengthing of slavery with the addition of the Fugitive Slave Law, popular sovereignty within Utah and later New Mexico. It would also remove territory from Texas. Finally it allowed slave trade in Washington D.C, but not slavery. -
Election of 1852
The election 1852 took place in November 2nd, 1852. The election was the seventeenth presidential election. It was similar to the election of 1844. The nominees were Franklin Pierce(Democrat), Winfield Scott(Whig). The Whigs in the south supported Scott while the Northern Whigs weren't so supportave of Scott. The Democrats were united and fully support Pierce and as are result he won the election. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas Nebraska Act was agreed on May 30th, 1854. The Kansas Nebraska Act was to allow those in Kansas and Nebraska to decide if they could be a slave or a free state. The Act also repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The Kansas Nebraska act would also remove the 36 30 latitudes of Missouri Compromise which kept the Union from falling apart. -
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was formed in the 19th century. It was controlled a secret network organized by cells that helped people escape from slavery to freedom. The Underground Railroad operated throughout the United States using a method of safehouses and routes. The Underground Railroad would help approximately 100,000 slaves escape to the north/Canada. -
Election of 1860
The Election of 1860 took place on November 6th, 1860. The election was between John Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, John Bell and finally Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln was seen as the moderate on slavery compared to the rest of the candidates. Even though he was a moderate the south vowed to secede if Lincoln won. Lincoln would win with 180 electoral votes. -
Neutral States
The neutral states were basically the border between the north and south. The neutral states were in bad positions as if they joined either side they would face major damages and dangers. This forced them to stay neutral. The neutral states were Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Delaware, & Maryland. These states further would not be affected by the emancipation proclmation. -
South
The South didn't have many advantages, but they did have a few. The south had 5.5 million 3.5 of which are slaves compared to the north's 22 million, the south also had less industrial compacity, finally, the nail in the coffin they had 9000 miles of track compared to the north's 22,000 miles. The South had one advantage and that was the south had the best military leaders that America had to offer. -
North
The North had many advantages with few disadvantages. The north had a 22 million vs the souths 5.5 million with this the North had a massive troop advantage. The north also had 97% of the United States weapons manufacturing, 94% of clothing, 90% of shoes. The North also had 22,000 miles of track. The Union's didn't have the most competent leaders and to counter act this they had to use their industrial might to win. -
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The Civil War
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1st Bull Run (1st Manassas)
The First battle of a bull run, known as the first battle of Manassas. The battle was fought at Prince William County in Virginia. It was the first major battle where the North first faced the South. The South had well-trained troops and crushed the untrained Northern troops and pushed them back to Washington. This would show the North this war would be long. -
Peninsular Campaign
The Peninsular Campaign took place on April 22, 1862. The Campaign was apart of the Unions grand plan against the South to capture Richmond and win. Geroge McClellan was in charge, but he had a fever and was delayed. With the delay and underestimation of the South cause them to lose this campaign prolonging the war for more time. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation was sent out by Lincoln on January 1st, 1863. The emancipation proclamation free all the slaves in states that were a part of the rebellion. When this was finished 3 million slaves would be free. This proclamation would change the meaning of the war from preserving the union to freeing the slaves. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
