-
1500 BCE
Caste System
For the Maya Civilization, the Caste System was something that defined their population back then. This system characterized the people's social status based on which social position they were born in to. For example, If the person's family was wealthy, they would also be wealthy. Their social position determined their rights and opportunities in life. Upper caste consisted of rulers and priests. The middle were merchants and soldiers, and the lower caster were farmers and slaves. -
350 BCE
Olmecs
The Olmecs were the first advanced civilization in Mesoamerica. They were known for their distinctive sculptures and architecture, specifically their massive stone heads. These stone heads served as a symbol for their past Olmec rulers. They practiced bloodletting because they believed that it cured different illnesses. Olmec population declined around 350 B.C, and it is believed that this was caused by environmental changes which limited its water supply. -
1400
The Black Death
This event is one of the greatest catastrophes in history because 40-50% of Europe died. This disease came along with unlikable symptoms such as aches and pains, fever diarrhea, vomiting, and chills which then ultimately led to death. Since many people died, it had negative social and economic effects. People had to leave their homes and the demand for workers became extremely high because they were losing many due to the disease, which caused the prices of goods to increase. -
1440
Printing Press
The printing press was invented by Johan Gutenberg back in 1440. This quickly spread literal works and transformed all of Europe and the World. This caused information to spread out faster and lead to the spread of new ideas. The printing press also made it possible to create books for people to read, and the people who illiterate before this invention enabled them to learn which led to a more educated population. The first book to be printing using the invention was the Gutenberg Bible. -
Period: 1492 to
Beginnings To Exploration
-
1502
4 Voyages
Christopher Columbus made 4 voyages across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain. He was determined to find a direct water route from Europe to Asia. The 1st voyage was on October 12, 1492 and he spotted land which was named San Salvador. During the second voyage he returned with a 1000 Spaniards. On the third voyage, colonists from Hispaniola revolted against Columbus mismanagement and he ended up in chains and returned to Spain. On the last voyage, he thought he had reached Asia when he died in 1506. -
1517
Martin Luther
During the Reformation, Martin Luther got upset with the Catholic Church for selling Indulgences. As a response, he wrote a document "95 Theses", stating that the only way humans could reach salvation was only by their faith and not by their deeds. He then handed a copy of the document to the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church so that his ideas could start a discussion. This was all known as the Protestant Reformation, a movement where they hoped their beliefs could change the Catholic Church. -
1521
Aztecs
This civilization was in a city built on an island, Tenochtitlan. Out of all the Mesoamerica civilizations, the Aztecs had the largest population with about 20 million people. Human Sacrifice was a normal part of their lives and believed that it was necessary for the world to go forward. They believed that the blood from the sacrifice allowed the sun to rise and move across the sky. For the Aztecs an honorable death was to die as a sacrifice and went with the gods after death. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
-
Headright System
The Headright System was created in Jamestown in 1618. This system was used because the population was in decline. They were in desperate need of more workers because of the tobacco farming. So, in order to attract more settlers to their region, they were offering 50 acres of land to each family that paid their passage to the colonies. Settlers that already lived there would pay other people to come to Virginia in return for their service. This system helped increase their population immensely -
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first official governing document of the Plymouth Colony and was signed on November 11, 1620. This document established a set of rules for self-governance and said that colonists would live with the Christian Faith. This document was composed by the male passengers of the Mayflower, which consisted of Puritans and tradesmen. They were heading towards the New World because they were seeking religious freedom from King James of England. -
Sugar
In the Caribbean Colonies, such as Barbados and Jamaica, a crop that was very popular and used for everything was sugar. This was the main crop produced throughout the Caribbean colonies throughout the 18th-20th centuries. Sugar cane was best grown on this land because of the fertile land they had. These plantations produced the majority amount of sugar consumed in Western Europe. African Slaves were the ones that worked on this crop up until the abolition of slavery. -
John Winthrop
John Winthrop was an English Puritan lawyer and was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, He was chosen governor 12 times during 1631-1648. He was seen as chief in the eyes of the Puritan founders of New England. Winthrop was a passionate religious person, he would spend much of his time praying and studying scripture. He wanted the Massachusetts colony to be seen as a "city upon a hill”, a place in which Puritans would spread religious morality throughout the world. -
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts were a set of laws that were passed in the 1650's. These set of laws regulated trade between England and its colonies, and it also limited Dutch trade with English colonies. All the goods were transported on English or Colonial American Ships. -
Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade consisted of the transportation of enslaved African people mainly to the Americas by slave traders. Some countries that were involved in this trade were Spain, Portugal and Holland. This was seen as a new source of labor for Europeans, and this type of trade increased in the 1600s. This slave trade used the triangular trade route and the middle passage to get the slaves to the Americas. -
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade was a system used for trade throughout the 16th century between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. This whole system consisted of 3 stages. The first one involved taking goods from Europe to Africa. The second one shipped slaves to the Americas and on the third stage all the goods that were produced by slaves arrived to Europe. -
Sir Isaac Newton
A person who had a huge impact on the Enlightenment was no other that Sir Isaac Newton. He made many invented and discovered many things during this time. He developed the three laws of motion, which are still being used up to this day, and he also created Calculus. -
Salem Witch Trails
The Salem Witch Trials was an event where more than 200 people were accused of witchcraft that occurred in Massachusetts around 1692. During that time, Christians believed that devil gave people, known as witches, the power to cause harm to others. During this trial, thousands of 'witches' were executed for being a supposed danger. In the end this trial was all a mistake and took the life of innocent people. -
Period: to
Colonial America to 1763
-
Deism
Deism, an unorthodox religion, believe that god created the universe but does not intervene in the affairs of humankind. This religion came in to view during the Enlightenment in the 17th and 18 centuries. Deism was important during this because this was the faith of many of the founding fathers of the Unites States. -
The Great Awakening
This first Great Awakening was the reaction to the Enlightenment secularism and was a period of religious awakening and reform. Throughout the 1730s and 1740s, a series of religious revivals spread across the American colonies. -
Treaty of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 is an important document today because this treaty ended the French and Indian War between Great Britain and France. This document was signed at Paris on February 10,1763. A result of this treaty, the French lost all their territory on the Mainland of North America and the British received Quebec and the Ohio Valley -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
-
Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was a tax applied on all paper, like newspapers and legal documents. American colonists were not happy that they had to pay a tax for paper, especially lawyers and printers. The British government applied taxes on North American colonies because they were in deeply in dept from the Seven Years War and hoped that with these taxes they could get out of it. -
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was seen as a symbol of the Enlightenment for his efforts to improve society through science. He symbolized enlightenment ideas with his scientific experiments and published a newspaper, The Pennsylvania Chronicle, which reflected Enlightenment principles. -
Townshend Acts
After the chaos from the Boston Tea Party caused by American colonists, the British Parliament passed the coercive acts as a way of punishment. These acts all in some way punished all of the Bostonian's and affected them. One of the acts was the Quartering Act, which required colonists to open their home on demand to British troops. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a protest on December 16, 1773 against the Britain for stating "taxation without representation." As a result, drunk Bostonians dressed up as Indians and dumped about 340 chests of tea into the ocean. This was the first type of disobedience that was ever shown towards the British. -
1st Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of 12 delegates out of 13 as a result of the Coercive Acts, because many colonial leaders were concerned. A document that came out of this whole meeting was the Articles of Association, which recommended boycotting British goods and to stop importing goods from the British Isles. Many other things rules were made during this meeting, but it all ended on October of 1774. -
Iron Plow
During the American Industrial Revolution, there were a lot of changes and developments when it came to agriculture. The Iron Plow which was invented by John Deere benefited lots of farmers because it made farming easier. It broke through the though ground for crops and made plowing easier. -
Olive Branch Petition
The Olive Branch Petition was colonists only hope for peace back then. It was their final attempt to avoid war with Britain during the American Revolution. Colonists gave their loyalty to the Britain's' in this document. In 1775, the Continental Congress accepts the Olive Branch Petition and shows hope for some type of fence-mending between the colonies and Great Britain -
Common Sense
In 1775, Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense, in where he argued for independence from Great Britain to all the people in the colonies. He argued for independence and made this pamphlet inspirational. This pamphlet in the end convinced many colonists to get away from the British rule. -
Declaration of Independence
For a long time, American colonists were under the power of the Britain Government and realized that it was time to break away. Around 1776, colonists began seeking independence. Thomas Jefferson wrote the draft of what is the most important document today, the Independence of Declaration. This document gave everyone in American freedom and gave everyone equal rights. -
Battle of Saratoga
The Battle of Saratoga is known for being the turning point in the American Revolutionary War because it showed its foreign partners, like France, that they were capable of winning. Throughout the whole battle, the American Force was stronger than the British Force which ultimately led to a victory for America. George Washington declared their victory in the second battle of Saratoga. -
Articles of Confederation
Before we had a Constitution, we had the Articles of Confederation. This document was written by the Continental Congress during the Revolutionary war around 1777 in hopes that it would create a strong central government. All 13 states officially ratified this document in 1781. However, the Articles of Confederation had no central authority and realized they needed a stronger government. -
Period: to
The Constitution
-
Shays Rebellion
After the end of the American Revolution, federalists were put in a huge debt and had no money to pay for it. They instead made the farmers pay taxes to get of the national debt, but farmers were not happy about this. This whole issue started the rebellion, and in the end this whole event just proved that the Articles of Confederation were weak. -
William Penn
William Penn was the leader of the Quaker religion and the founder of the Pennsylvania Colony. He founded the colony of Pennsylvania because he wanted there to be a place where there was religious freedom, since his religion was considered illegal in England. -
New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey Plan consisted of the small states and they proposed different ways as to how the United States could be governed. One of the things they proposed was the Single Legislature, which basically meant that each state would have only one vote in congress instead of counting the whole population's vote. -
Federalists
During this Era, the Federalists supported the Constitution because they believed it had a strong central government. The federalists also supported checks and balances to preserve the government. However, they were against the bill of rights because they felt it was not necessary. People who supported the Constitution and were Federalists were Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, and John Jay. -
Slaves
During the Constitution Era, southern states were pro-slavery and northern states were against slavery. Also, during this time Delegates from the Constitutional Convention proposed the idea of the 3/5 Compromise. This would count each slave as three fifths of a person as part of the population to determine representation and taxation for the federal government. This compromise quickly became controversial. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan was proposal drafted by James Madison in 1787. This whole proposal was meant to create a stronger government by adding the three branches we have today, the Legislative, Executive and Judicial. These three branches were created with the hopes of preventing the abuse of power. With this plan, they also proposed what is called the two-house legislature which would get representation based on population. -
Anti-Federalists
The Anti-Federalists were the opposite of the Federalist. They both had completely different opinions. They did not fully support the Constitution because they felt it gave to much power to the federal courts. They supported the Bill of Rights, were against a strong central government and believed that states' rights would be the option. People who were also Anti-Federalists were Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe. -
Period: to
New Republic
-
12th Amendment
The 12th amendment states that elections of president and vice presidents are required to be on separate ballots. This amendment was put into place because it caused conflict to the people when whoever got 1st became president and whoever made second became vice-president. -
State's Rights
The States' Rights are meant to give all the rights and power to the individual states rather than a government having all the power. These were specifically used in the Kentucky Resolutions, where the states had the choice of nullifying an unconstitutional law or not. -
Bank of The United States
The First Bank of America was drafted back in 1791 and was signed by George Washington. This bank was created because the United States government was deeply in debt from the Revolutionary War. They hoped that it would stabilize the currency and the economy. -
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights is a document that is in the US Constitution that lists the first ten amendments. They were written by James Madison and was ratified in 1791. All of these amendments were created to secure the rights that American citizens have and their freedom. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was somehow similar to Shay's Rebellion. This rebellion started when Alexander Hamilton suggested that putting a tax on whiskey would get rid of the dept they were in. The people that consumed whiskey were obviously upset by this and immediately began to attack officers who wanted to collect the tax. This rebellion got so violent that George Washington had to step in with the militia to stop it. -
Cotton Gin-Slavery
Although the cotton gin did reduce the amount of labor needed to remove the seeds from the cotton, it increased the need for slaves to grow and pick the cotton since this machine was making the process go by faster. Since there were more slaves, more cotton was being processed and more clothes were being made. -
Washington's Farewell Address
The Washington's Farewell Address was written for his citizens as he was getting ready to leave the presidency. On the Washington's Farewell Address, he states that 2 terms were it. He also stressed the fact of avoiding political ties with other nations and strongly suggested to not have permanent allies from other countries at all to avoid any type of conflict -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien and Sedation Acts were a set of laws to basically get rid of immigrants and foreigners because the federalists were afraid that they would sympathize with the French. These laws, which were signed by President Adams in 1798, made it impossible for immigrants and foreigners to become citizens or vote. -
Tenements
During the Industrial Revolution, people moving to the city during the 20th century got there without a roof under their heads. To give these people a shelter, Tenements were built to provide housing to those who didn't have one. By 1900, they housed 2.3 million people. -
Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was reform in the 1800's to ban alcohol in the Unites States, which was lead my woman. They decided to abstain from alcohol because the consumption was bad, men would drink all day and all that alcohol abuse would lead to crimes and family violence. Some states went as far as banning alcohol. -
Changes in Transportation
The different types of transportation that were available during the Industrial Revolution made it what it was. If it was not for the transportation, people would have not been able to transport finished good to long distance places. Some forms of transportation that were available during this time were the modern roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
-
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
-
Period: to
Westward Expansion
-
Lewis and Clark
In 1804, President Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis with exploring the Louisiana Purchase. Lewis decided to take William Clark, who was an army leader and had map making experience, as his co-leader. This journey all together lasted around 2 years and ended up being successful because they were provided with information about the areas they were exploring. -
Cotton Gin
There were many technological benefits that came from the War of 1812, one of them being the Cotton Gin. The Cotton Gin, which was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, dramatically changed the whole process of separating the seeds from the cotton. This machine completely reduced the amount of time that it used to take because the machine did it all. -
Francis Scott Key
In 1814, Francis Scott Key wrote a poem which then became America's national anthem. He began writing this poem all while watching the Maryland Fort being bombed by the British. All the lyrics from the anthem were what Key was witnessing. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
-
Missouri Crisis
The Missouri Crisis all started when Missouri decided to apply for admission as a slave state in 1819, which caused a political uproar because it would make the slave to free state ratio unbalanced. The northern states were against the admission while the southern states supported the admission. -
Panic of 1819
The Panic of 1819 was known as the economic boom after the War of 1812. After the war, banks around the country were failing which caused families to leave their homes and farms. Because of this, prices in agriculture and manufacturing collapsed in 1819 and the economy went into tailspin. -
Lowell Mills
Lowell Mills (Waltman-Lowell system) was a labor production system invented by Francis Cabot Lowell. These specific textile mills were employed by both elderly and young woman. They worked for long hours with bad conditions all while being supervised at all times. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was a solution to fix all the political drama back from when Missouri labeled themselves as a slave state. What this compromise did was that it came up with a temporary solution to this problem. They drew an imaginary line known as " 36 30" latitude which basically separated the states. The states above the line would be free and the states below the line would be slave states. -
Revivalism
Revivalism was a religious movement where people renewed religious beliefs within a church or community. A person who was important in this movement was Charles Grandison Finney. He was known as the 'Father of Modern Revivalism’ and believed in free will and was also a preacher. -
Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening began around 1820. This second awakening was a protestant religious revival. This event was important to history because it addressed the issues in events like the Temperance movement and the Abolitionist Movement. People in this movement were attempting to free others based on religious grounds. -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
-
Election of 1824
During the Election of 1824, the candidates for president was John Adams and Andrew Jackson. Although Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, the election went to the house of representatives and John Adams ended up getting chosen as president. This left Jackson very upset and bitter, and the results of this election became known as the corrupt bargain. -
John Calhoun
John Calhoun was elected vice president back in 1824 when John Adams won the election. He was then re-elected in 1828 again, but this time with Andrew Jackson as president. Jackson being in the office changed Calhoun's political focus. John Calhoun was a huge advocate for the nullification law, but president at the time, Andrew Jackson disagreed with his political opinions. Things got personal and out of hand that John Calhoun resigned as VP in 1832. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
-
Election of 1828
For the Election of 1828, both Jackson and Adams go up against each other in the election for president. Jackson still is upset about the last election, so for this one he comes up with a different strategy to win. Throughout the whole election both Jackson and Adams attack each other personally and ended up turning into a nasty election. Jackson wins this election overwhelmingly. -
Spoils System
After winning the Election of 1828, Andrew Jackson started the spoils system. This system was his way of thanking the people who were loyal to him and who supported him during the election. Through this system, Jackson awarded his supporters, friends and relatives with government civil service jobs. -
Whig Party
The Whig Party was created in the 1830's by Henry Clay. Clay and his supporters led this party because the people did not fully support President Jackson nor the Democrats and wanted to get rid of them. The Whigs were all about a strong central government, against slavery, and stood for protective tariffs. -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
In 1830, Andrew Jackson signed a law named The Indian Removal act. By signing this, the president was able to receive land west of the Mississippi River in exchange for the Indian tribes. Some tribes accepted the fact that they had to leave, while others were more upset and opposed this act. -
Trail of Tears
The Trail of Tears was an event that occurred right after the Indian Removal Act in 1830. During this time lots of tribes like the Cherokees and more were forced to migrate due to being removed from their land. This trial was so difficult and dangerous that thousands of Indians died throughout the journey. -
Abolitionist
The abolitionist movement was an attempt of freeing slaves and ending all discrimination towards them because they believed it was morally wrong. This was mainly all happening in the United States and in Britain. Abolitionists plan for this was to try and convince the Parliament to forbid trading slaves. Some of the leaders in this movement were William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Beecher Stowe. -
Mormons
Mormons are a religious group at the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. A person important to this religion was Joseph Smith, because his visions of god are what started this religious movement and he was the one who shed light on Mormon theology. The Mormons beliefs were different from other Christian churches, as they considered themselves a restoration church. They believed their church were the original Christian church was started by Jesus Christ himself. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Turner's rebellion occurred at Virginia in the year 1831. The reason this whole rebellion started was because a group of slaves were attempting to attack plantation owners and their families. They ultimately failed in their attempt and just made things worse for them, people who were part of the rebellion were executed. -
Battle of San Jacinto
On April 21, 1836, Sam Houston and the militia caught Santa Anna out of guard and surprised them with a launch attack at the Battle of San Jacinto. The attack was all under 20 minutes and many ended up injured or taken as prisoners, like Santa Anna. While imprisoned, he signed a treaty giving Texas their independence in return for his freedom. -
Frederick Douglas
Frederick Douglas is known as the father of the civil rights movement. He went through a tough life to shape our nation that we have today. Douglas was an American slave, as his mother was also a slave. He managed to escape from slavery as he dressed as a sailor and got on a train headed to a free state. -
Yeoman Farmers
Yeoman Farmers were small landowners who usually farmed on their own land, and around 75% of these farmers did not own slaves. Since they used their own land to farm in, they were seen as the best type of citizens to have. Most white farmers in the Industrial Revolutions were Yeoman. -
Election of 1844
The Election of 1844 took place in December of 1844. The two candidates running for president were James K Polk (Democrat) and Henry Clay (Whig), but in the end Polk ended up winning. This whole election started some controversial issues like the annexation of Texas and slavery. Polk’s 3 main goals as President was to annex Texas and to settle the Oregon and Mexican Border. -
Manifest Destiny
The Manifest Destiny, was a belief that was known in the United States in 1845. They believed that they were destined by god and that it was his plan to settle all across North America. This had it goods things as well as its bad things. All while expanding their land, they destroyed everything in their path. -
Wilmot Proviso
After the end of the Mexican-American war, issues about slavery started to arise. The Wilmot Proviso was document proposed by David Wilmot, suggesting prohibiting slavery in the land that the United States had gotten at the end of the Mexican-American War. The House of Representatives passed the law, but the senate never actually did anything with the law. -
Bear Flag Revolt
In 1846, William Ide led a group of Americans who rebelled against the Mexican government. The reasoning for the rebellion was because they wanted to claim California as an independent state. The rebels ended up winning, but after a while the California Republic faded away and joined the Union in 1850. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The American Woman's right movement all started with the Seneca Falls Movement. This movement was in 1848 in New York and was led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. 300 men and woman came together to demand rights in economic and voting rights for woman. Many women during this time felt oppressed and fully supported this movement and were hoping to finally receive the rights they are supposed to have from this. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was a document that officially ended the Mexican-American War in 1848. This treaty ended the border dispute and made Rio Grande the border between Mexico and America. This treaty also seized over half of Mexico's territory and added it to the United States, countries like New Mexico and Arizona. -
California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush was an event that led a huge number of families and individuals to migrate to California after gold was found there. The gold was found by James Marshall in 1848, and as a result the population increased so quickly that it led them to apply for the status of an independent nation. -
Popular Sovereignty
With all the ongoing issues with slave and the Wilmot Proviso, a doctrine known as Popular Slavery would allow all states to choose their own path. They would decide whether they wanted to be a slave state or a free state. This did not go so smoothly in every country because not everyone in a state would be able to on the same page when it came to slavery. -
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay introduced 5 separate bills that became known as the Compromise of 1850. These bills were introduced to try and solve the conflict between the north and the south. Some things that these bills stated was that California would enter as a free state, and that New Mexico & Utah would decide if they wanted to be free or slave state -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed as a response to the Missouri Crisis. The Missouri Crisis allowed states to decide whether they wanted to be free or not. Southerners were afraid of two new free states, so with this act in the U.S, they hoped that this would abolish the Missouri Compromise and would allow slavery up north. -
Bleeding Kansas
After the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed in the Unites States, it allowed the state of Kansas to decide whether they wanted to be classified as a slave state or a free state. When Kansas decided to be a slave state, it all went to chaos. A serious of bloody and violent events occurred at the United States over the legality of slavery in Kansas. -
Dred Scott v. Sanford
In 1857, Dred Scott filed sued his master because he wanted to be free. He thought that since he was now in a free state, that he had rights others had to sue. However, the Supreme Court stated that slaves were not citizens of the United States, and because of that they did not allow him to sue his master. They stated that slaves would always be property of their masters, whether they moved to a free state or not. This case was known as the Dred Scott v. Sanford. -
The Battle of Bull Run
The First Battle of Bull Run of 1860 was the first major battle during the Civil War. Confederate and Union military forces fought against each other, when 30,000 union troops march into the confederate's territory. In the end, the south was able to defeat the union. However, the union was so humiliated over the loss that they instantly fled to D.C. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a number of different routes that were specifically made for Fugitive Slaves. These specific routes would give them access to escape to the free states. Abolitionists helped many fugitive slaves escape the south with this network. Around 100,000 slaves were freed between 1830 and 1860. -
Election of 1860
The Election of 1860 was on November 6, and the candidates were John Breckenridge (Democrat) and Abraham Lincoln (Republican). Since Lincoln had little to no political enemies, had a moderate approach to slavery and since the democrats were divided, he was able to defeat the John Breckenridge. -
The South
The south during the Civil War had a much smaller population than the South with 9 million people, and around 3-4 million of that population were slaves. As for Industrialization, they had 18,00 factories and they manufactured 3% of weapons. They also had 9,000 miles of track and they had a strong Military Leadership. They hoped to gain a European ally for the war. -
The North
The North during the Civil War, had a greater population than the south with about 22 million people. They were mainly all about Industrialization, and they had about 110,000 factories. At the factories, they manufactured 97% of weapons, 94% of clothing and 90 % of shoes and boots. As for railroads, they had 30,000 miles of track. During the Civil War, the north was fighting to uphold the constitution. -
Period: to
Civil War
-
Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg Address is known as Abraham Lincoln's most famous speech he has ever given. This speech was given in 1863 on a cemetery for the soldiers who dies at the Battle of Gettysburg. Throughout the speech, he referred to the Declaration of Independence and mentioned the Civil War. -
Emancipation Proclamation
As the Civil War was about to approach its third year, president at the time, Abraham Lincoln released a document called the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. On this document, Lincoln would declare all slaves free only if the rebellion ended by January of 1863. This document also prevented Britain from entering the war, and it allowed border states to keep their slaves. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
-
Wade-Davis Bill
The Wade-Davis Bill stated that it would punish confederate leaders, destroy any slave societies, and would force whites to take an oath declaring they would never aide the confederacy in order to be apart of the Union. Some states would be readmitted after a long punishment. -
Appomattox Courthouse
The Appomattox Courthouse is significant to our history because this is what brought an end to the Civil War. General Lee at the time got his Army and was wanting to resume the fighting against the Union Army. But when Appomattox battle was close to the end, General Lee surrendered to General Grant. -
Abraham Lincoln Assassination
On April 14,1865, Abraham Lincoln attended a play with his wife and friends at Ford's Theater. While Lincoln and his wife were enjoying the play, John Wilkes comes out from behind Lincoln and shoots him right in the head. He died the next morning, just 5 days after Appomattox Courthouse. His funeral procession attracted lots of people to the tracks to see his funeral. -
40 acres and a mule
The term '40 acres and a mule' was used a lot around the south because this gave free African Americans land that once belonged to a planter. Some planters either abandoned their land or it either got taken by union forces. These freed slaves were able to own or rent the land to farm and were entitled to a mute. Having the land to themselves gave them the sensation of freedom. In the end though, the land was usually given back to the original owner. -
Freedman's Bureau
The Freedman's Bureau was like a relief agency for former slaves in war-torn south. This was the main institution for reconstruction. This act provided former slaves with food, an education, and emergency services along with other stuff. They also confiscated land for agriculture so that they could farm. -
Black Codes
In 1865, southern states passed the Black Code laws. These laws were supposed to limit civil rights and economic opportunity for former African-American slaves in the south. In a way they wanted to replace these acts with the ones the emancipation proclamation removed. These laws also outlawed interracial marriage and them serving on juries. -
KKK
The "KKK" or also known as the Ku Klux Klan was a form of white resistance towards the new black rights. Many poor whites were part of this group because it made them feel as if they were not at the bottom of the social ladder and made them feel like they were more powerful than the slaves. This group most common way of punishment was violence towards the blacks and the whites who helped these slaves. -
Freedom Amendments
The Freedom Amendments in included the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment because they all led to the freedom of African-american slaves. The 13th amendment abolished slavery for good, which was passes by Lincoln, The 14th amendment acknowledged all former slaves as citizens of the United States. Lastly, the 15th amendment will protect the black vote and will make their vote count. -
Mississippi Plan
During the Election of 1874, the whites (democrats) allied together for the election. Their goal was to overthrow the democrats and to create terror for black and white republican voters. Grant at the time rejected sending troops at the election, so it made it easier for democrats to win since they could change the republicans vote.
