-
1521 BCE
Aztec Human Sacrifice
Aztecs they did so many sacrifices. They were done to please the gods and also because they owed it to them for all the help they received. Also beliefs of the Aztec world was that Huitzilopotchli, the god of the sun, needed constant nourishment in the form of human blood in order to keep the sun moving from east to west.It was done by the priest would then cut through the abdomen with blade the heart would be torn out still beating and held towards the sky in honor to the Sun-God. -
1500 BCE
Olmecs and Chocolate
Everything starts in Latin America , this is were we know so far of how chocolate came to be.The Olmecs lived of what is today southeast Mexico. Around early 1000 to 1750 BCE. They are the first people to use chocolate. What is known today cocoa beans back then they were named "“kakawa” . They were also the first ones to make chocolate drink which was passed down to Maya civilization which passed it on and on and made it better throughout the years. -
476 BCE
Rome Fall of the Empire
The Roman Empire had a big area the empire covered about 40 modern day countries and as you can see it was to large to be monitored and controlled at all times.They try to fix the problem and divide the empire into two, but that only weakened both areas.When Rome was extremely weak Germanic tribes invaded Rome burned and looted the city. -
1346
The black death
Reached Europe the late 1340 killing an estimated 25 million people.The plague began when 12 ships from the Black Sea came to the port of Messina.People gathered and saw with a horrifying most sailors aboard the ships were dead those still alive were gravely ill and covered in black boils that oozed blood and pus.From their it got contagious leading to a lot of deaths many people believed that the Black Death was a kind of punishment for sinning against God But it was actually Yersinia pestis. -
1400
Renaissance
Was a period of time which known as the "rebirth"after coming out of the dark ages. It was the arrival of classical art,architecture, literature, that originated Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe.It was also age of discovery theylaunched expeditions to travel the entire globe they discovered new shipping routes to the Americas,India and Far East.Also artistic works that were produced during the Renaissance that are still known today like 'last supper"or"The Mona Lisa". -
1492
Colombian Exchange
It all began with Christopher Columbus when he came to the "New World' and exchange his goods to others. But later was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World from the 14th to 16th centuries.It was a positive idea it brought more farming and cultivation and more technology for the people -
1500
Encomiendas
The encomienda system was a method by which the Spanish crown gave rewards to the colonial settlers by entrusting them with a group of natives whom they would civilize and convert to Christianity if they actually did it in return they would give them gifts in the form of labor, taxes, or goods as tribute. -
Samuel de Champlain
Samuel did many things he was a mariner,explorer,cartographer, geographer.In 1603, Champlain made his first trip to North America, to the St. Lawrence River to explore and establish a French colony. He made from 21-29 trips across the Atlantic, But he is best known to be the founder of Quebec in Canada July 3, 1608 and from their he establish the New France. He is important to Canadian history because he made the first accurate map of the coast and he helped found the settlements. -
Head right System
It was a system used in the colonies which a grant tracts of land called “headrights” were offered to settlers who would come and work the land. A typical head right was 50 acres of land acres given settlers role in the expansion from 13 colonies. It was a.program designed to attract settlers -
May Flower Compact
The may flower compact it was a set of rules, it was the first agreement for Americas self government. It was signed in 1620 by the 41 men on the mayflower and all of this was for the reason to set up a government for the Plymouth Colony.The document agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. -
Anne Hutchinson
Earliest American feminists, Anne Hutchinson was a spiritual leader in colonial Massachusetts who challenged male authority
and, indirectly, acceptable gender roles—by preaching to both women and men and by questioning Puritan teachings about salvation. From their she went to trial -
Navigation Acts
The navigation Acts were a series of acts passes by parliament in the 1660s. It restricted the use of foreign shipping trade and it was only allowed between England and its colonies. Al of this was to ensure that only benefited from colonial trade which means money they wanted all the money , they didn't want to share with other countries. -
Nathaniel Bacon
It was the first rebellion in the american colonies . It was when William Berkeley refused to retaliate against the Native Americans, and so Nathaniel Bacon was elected leader of the people. -
William Penn
William Penn was born in October 14,1664 in England. He is important to our history because he was the founder of Pennsylvania and his goal was for Pennsylvania to be a place for religious freedom in America. Back Then it was a struggle to belief in your own beliefs you had to follow what the others believe but Penn thought it wasn't right. He made a changed he was serious when it came to religion he was sent to jail multiple times but that didn't stop him from doing what he did. -
Sir Issac Newton
Sir Issac Newton was a very smart men he was a astronomer a mathematician, theologian. he discover the law of gravitation, it was instrumental in the scientific revolution.Newton developed the three laws of motion which form the basic principles of modern physics.First law states that every object will remain at rest.Second law states that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables.Third law is for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. -
Salem Witch Trials
It began after a group young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil. And accused several local women of witchcraft in result in the hanging deaths of 19 men and women. The people found these witches by looking at their bodies before they became a witch they were mark with the devils mark. -
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade was a three-part merchants route a system of trade between Europe, Africa and the Americas. There was three stages to this systems which were called legs and their was 3.The first leg involved taking manufactured goods from Europe to Africa. Which all the goods were exchange for slaves which is the second stage. The final leg was the return to Europe with the produce from the slave-labor plantations: cotton, sugar, tobacco, -
The Enlightenment
Sometimes Called the 'age of Enlightenment" it was a time were people started to think about logic and reason are universal instead of making everything about religion. it is a age of reason it was a time of illumination where scholars, writers, artist and scientists actively saw a light of reasoning. Tremendous improvements in the understanding of math and science was improved and even with the laws. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was an organized but widespread of a religious movement Christian Sermons and Church Meetings. Which swept through the colonies and Europe during the mid 1700s . It was the first real common colonial experiences their was a rapid growth of evangelical religions Methodist and Baptist. Basically the Awakening emphasized human decisions in mortality and religion. The great sermons wee about sinners that had to ask for forgiveness for sins or faced eternal punishment. -
French And Indian War
It was a 7 year war fought between France and Great Britain.They were fighting over control of the Ohio River Valley and also the British wanted french land and take over the fur trade in the french Territory. The British win the victory and it establish Britain as a number one world power. -
Treaty of Paris
This officially ended the french and Indian war it was in the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there. Basically it gave Britain control of all the french land in North America -
Salutary Nelect
Salutary Neglect was Britain's absence in colonial America due to pressing issues in England left the colonies alone for the most part. It was the ideas that the colonies benefited by being left alone , they could do whatever they want only with one condition which was to remained loyal to England. As years passed the colonist grew accustomed to making their own rules. -
Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was imported because the funds were to protect the american frontier near the Appalachian Mountains . But the problem was that the colonist did not want to pay taxes The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed. But they didn't have another plan to changed it. so colonist did pay for them. -
No Taxation without Representation
No Taxation without Representation was a slogan used by the colonist. The colonist complained that taxes were imposed by parliament without the consent of the colonist which meant they had no one to represent them . The colonist felt as these acts violated their British right to have colonial representation in British parliament. -
Townshend Acts
The Townshend Acts were a series of laws passed by the British government on the American colonies in 1767. They placed new taxes and took away some freedoms from the colonists including.
New taxes on imports of paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea. to the extreme that they established an American Customs Board in Boston to collect taxes. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre started when a sentry guard struck a civilian. When the guard hit the civilian a crowd gathered around the soldier throwing objects at him. That's when more soldiers came and they fired into the crowd killing 3 on the spot and wounding 8 others. That 2 of them later that day died. The commanding officer was charge -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a political protest that occurred on December 16, 1773, at Griffin’s Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts. American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped 342 chests of British tea into the harbor -
Steam Power Engines
The rivers provided the power for the factories. Once the steam engine was invented, factories could locate anywhere. They no longer had to be near rivers. A second impact of the steam engine on the Industrial Revolution was the impact it had on transportation. -
Battle of Saratoga
The two Battles of Saratoga were a turning point in the American Revolution. This battle was the greatest victory yet for American forces. The British were defeated twice before and they still wanted victory . Patriots made obstacles along the way . -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was a written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Britain . It established a weak central government that mostly had the most power and it didn't give their individual states theirs rights. -
Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown was the last major battle of the American Revolution. Early in 1781 the war wasn't going so well. The British held most of the South an Benedict Arnold a gifted officer, was a traitor. The British moved 7,200 men to Yorktown where George Washington saw a chance to trap them. Washington cut off all the escape routes the British sent a drummer and a soldier with a white flag of surrender to Washington camp. -
Treaty Of Paris
The Treaty of paris was to end the Revolutionary War. It established original borders of the United States, but some boundaries were disputed.American statesmen Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and John Jay negotiated the peace treaty with Great Britain.The British acknowledged the independence of the United States.The colonial empire of Great Britain was destroyed in North America.U.S. boundaries were established. -
Shays Rebellion
It was a group of protest , led by the Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays . The rebellion was due protesting it was a conflict in Massachusetts that demonstrated the need to change the articles. The revolt was a protest by farmers created by high taxes and forced selling of their property it caused many to criticized and admit the weak central government was not working. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia plan proposed by James Madison includes three branches of government to strengthened the central government. The plan declares that states got a number of representatives in cogress based on their population. -
The New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey Plan was the opposite of The Virginia Plan. It proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote which created a dispute between bigger states and smaller states . -
Executive Branch
The president has the executive branch which gives him certain powers like executive orders, vetoes, appointing federal judges . Also the president acts as the commander and chief also this branch is like the advisory for the president.The vice president falls down on this as well as the cabinet . The executive branch basically carries out and enforces laws. -
Judicial Branch
The Judicial Branch is the most important duty of the legislative branch is to make laws. Laws are written, discussed and voted on in Congress. It is the top court in the United States, and no other court can challenge it they also have the power to declare the acts of the congress. -
George Washington
He was the first President of the United States , he was elected with 69 electoral votes. One of the most important things he did was to served as a general or commander of chief of the colonial armies during the american revolution.he led the colonial forces to victory over the British and became a national hero.He also served two terms from 179 to 1797 he was liked by many , he was unique among the Founding Fathers in having significant military leadership experience. -
Legislative Branch
The Legislative Branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together form the United States Congress. The Constitution grants Congress the authority to declare war and the right to confirm or reject many Presidential appointments, and to investigative powers. Basically legislative branch most important duty is to make laws. Laws are written, discussed and voted on in Congress. -
Kentucky Resolution
Madison hoped that other states would register their opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts as beyond the powers given to Congress. The Kentuck authored by Jefferson, went further than Madison's Virginia Resolution and asserted that states had the power to nullify unconstitutional federal laws. the fight against the Alien and Sedition Acts moved to the state legislatures in late 1798. he Alien and Sedition acts were unconstitutional because they infringed on the reserved powers of the states. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion it was a tax rebellion from 1791 to 1794 during George Washington presidency. It was a tax protest it was also known as a 'whiskey tax" it was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government. It was also to cover debt war money, Farmers of the Western were resisting on paying any of the taxes.The law was immediately a failure, since refusals to pay the taxes were as common as intimidation against officials hired to collect them. -
Bill Of Rights
1Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly.2Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated militia3No quartering of soldiers.4Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.5Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy6Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial7Right of trial by jury in civil cases.8Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments9Other rights of the people10Powers reserved to the states. -
Jay's Treaty
It was an agreement that was issued between the United States and Great Britain . In the treaty Britain agrees to evacuate the Northwest Territory by June , 1796 to compensate against american shipping to end decriminalization against american shipping . The treaty also declared the Mississippi River was open to both countries . The Treaty did accomplished the goal of maintaining peace between the two nations and preserving U.S neutrality. -
XYZ Affair
It was an incident with United States and France people were Angered by the 1795 Jay Treaty that restricted trade with any nations hostile to Great Britain,. French were angered at United States neutrality in the British and french conflict , the french had attacked a number of american ships, It was a big problem for President John Adams he sent smart diplomats they wanted to negogiate with the french and they were three Charles Pinckney,John Marshall Elbridge Gerry reported it as XYZ affair -
Yeoman Farmer
Yeoman farmers were small landowners (the majority of white families in the south) who farmed their own land and usually did not own slaves -
Tenant Farmers
It was a farmer during reconstruction who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or in shares of the crop -
Mar-bury V Madison
The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, (the Judiciary Act of 1789) .The supreme court announced for the first time the principle that a court may declare an act of congress void if it is consistent with the constitution -
Louisiana Purchase
828,000 square miles of land purchased from Napoleon, leader of France, by Thomas Jefferson in 1803. Jefferson paid $15 million for the land. This purchase of land caused a dilemma for Jefferson because he favored "strict construction" and no where in the constitution did it address the president purchasing land but he did it anyway. His purchase allowed America to nearly double in size. -
12 Amendment
The Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides the procedure for electing the President and Vice President The most important part of the 12th amendment is that instead of casting two votes for President, each elector must pick a President a Vice President on his or her election will be on separate ballots the constitution stated that whoever won the electoral college was president and whoever was 2nd was vice president this caused conflict -
Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark Expedition was led Meriwether Lewis and William Clark the expedition was from 1804-1806 the purpose of the expedition was to find the most direct and practicable water communication across the continent, for the purposes of commerce. ( a water route across the country for business or trade) Their jobs in the expedition Lewis was captain in the military and served as Jefferson's private secretary.and Clark He was a second lieutenant in the military and met Lewis there. -
Railroads
It was a transportation System made of metal rails which is design to move a train from on the tracks from one location to the next. It benefited the industrial revolution because New industries, like cattle industry and cow towns.it Could sell crops to wider market,also new towns and cities grew alongside the railroads.also people used the railroads to move West but at the end of all the most important was that this. Trains could be transport goods and supplies everywhere. -
Embargo Act
Act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.Sgoods.however just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809. The purpose was to protect the trading ships and sailors If the U.S. can deprive Britain and France from American goods they are hoping they can put an economic squeeze on Britain and France so that they will agree to stop seizing American ships -
The War of 1812
A French-British dispute that got the U.S. involved with the French while the Native Americans joined the British side. Americans forces were ill-prepared for war but managed to fight most of the battles to a stalemate.The end of the war brought changes to America. Nationalism grew throughout America and the Federalist party came to an end with the Hartford Convention following the war.
Resulted from Britain's support of Indian hostilities along the frontier, interference with American trade. -
Missouri Compromise
Compromise proposed by Henry Clay in 1820 was maintain sectional balance and allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state while Maine entered free 36 30 line was thus created to keep free soil in the wast.."over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states. -
The second great awakening
The second great awakening was considered important because it did in fact pave the way for the establishments of some reformation movements such as the temperance movement . women suffrage movement and the abolitionist movement as well. The purpose was to awaken and change people lifestyle it accomplished the enrollment of new members in different types of religions. -
Abolitionist
It is the idea and formation of abolitionist arose around the time of the second great awakening. The abolitionist wanted to emancipate which means free all of the slaves that were in the United States they wanted to have an end to racism and discrimination towards the African Americans. -
Second Great Awakening
t was one of the most significant occurrences in the history of American religion.Countless people were converted and many churches were changed and revived.Not only affecting religion, the movement influenced many other aspects such as prison reform, the women's rights movement,abolishment of slavery, advancements in literature, and reform in education. Women's roles in the church were greatly affected and they deeply encouraged the religious revival,setting up many organizations and charities. -
Monroe Doctrine
Declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and that any attempt at interference by a European power would be seen as a threat to the U.S. It also declared that a New World colony which has gained independence may not be recolonized by Europe. Only England, in particular George Canning, supported the Monroe Doctrine. Mostly just a show of nationalism, the doctrine had no major impact until later in the 1800s. -
Transcendatalism
Was a philosophy in america and the ideas was that men and women alike have knowledge of themselves and the world around them that transcends going above and beyond from what they can hear see, feel , or touch it was founded by ralph waldo emerson an american philosopher it had vows that weren't as popular in the normal citizen. -
Spoils System
appointing people to federal jobs (as postmasters for example) strictly according to whether they had actively participated/campaigned for the Democratic party; previous office holders were fired and replaced with a Democrat; dispensing jobs in return for party loyalty -
Indian Removal Act
Andrew Jackson and Congress passed the Indian Removal Act.
The Indian Removal Act was the action of removing Indians from the lands East of the Mississippi River. The plan was finished by moving the Indians to what is now Oklahoma.In 1830 this was cause in the places east of the Mississippi River because The Indian Removal Act was set into action because the growth of the United States could continue without interference/ violence if the Indians were not there. -
Temperence Movement
The temperence movement was a social movement in the united States and was against the consumption of alcohol. People living in america including people weren't living correctly were a threat to Americas political system and feared that god would no longer bless the united states of america -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Rebellion started by a VA slave who believed he received divine messages telling him the time was right for a rebellion, gathered 80 followers who killed 60 whites, Turner eventually captured and executed. Greatly increased tensions between whites and blacks across the South. -
Worcester v.s. Georgia
this supreme court case turned over the conviction of Samuel Worcester by Georgia stating that trives have right to the land. Sig- Laid out the relationship between tribes and the U.S. showing that Indians are their own governing Nation and that the U.s. doesnt have the right to take away their land or govern them. -
Nullification Crisis
John C. Calhoun of SC (Jackson's first VP) believed that each state had the right to decide whether to obey a federal law or to declare it null and void -
Millentalism
Millenialism was the idea and belief that jesus christ would come for the second time resulting the end of the world .This caused for religious widespread across the nation A preacher named william miller engaged in the millenialism. Miller gained thousands of followers by having a prediction on when christ second coming to the world would occur -
Telegraph
Samuel Horse invented an electrical telegrpah it was new to society it was a way to communicate long distance from one area to another.it transmitted electrical signals over over a wire laid between stations the telegraph line had been across the Atlantic Ocean from the U.S. to Europe -
Panic of 1837
many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.It was short-lived and reduced the pressure on the economy -
Trail Of Tears
The land and water route used by the US government to forcefully remove thousands of Cherokee Indians from their homes between Georgia and Oklahoma. Along the way, over 4,000 Indians died.
In 1838 and 1839, as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal . The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects. The migrants faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion on the forced march -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest destiny it was a betrayal to the united states that they were destined by the god above to expand in the united states from the east coast to the west coast. The westward expansion began after the Louisiana purchase and later led to the Oregon trail it was a route that led to the great migration to the west of the united states -
49th Parallel
American ship involved in supplying Canadian rebels that was sunk by British forces, sparking an international crisis between Britain and the United States -
Annexation Of texas
Texas had always been part of mexico till there was a change till a group of United states settlers who lived in texas declared independence. In 1845 mexico was recognized as the republic of texas into united states. That same year texas was admitted into the union to become the officially 28th state. Their was a lot of opposition due to the annexation of texas into the union. -
Wilmot Proviso
Wilmot Proviso was a very unsuccessful proposal done by the democratic member David willmot to prohibit slavery into territory acquired from the end of the Mexican American War.In 1848 the senate had approved of the appropriation bill but later rejected the proviso -
Election 1848
the presidential election of 848 was defeat of democratic party candidate senator Lewis class to Whig party candidate Zachary Taylor. Both party had had tried to avoid the issues of slavery. In the election the short lived political party the free soil party was organized to opposed the expansion of slavery in the westward territories it was led by Salmon P and john Parker halo. -
`Senneca Falls of Convention
The seneca falls convention actually was the first convention for womens rights. Thsi convention was because of religius , civil and social righst for women as well. DUring the convention and disccusions on resolution for womens rights were more than promient -
Henry Clay
Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." (responsible for the Missouri Compromise). Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points 3 Things that Henry Clay Established The 2nd National Bank good transportation system/ internal improvements high protective tariff -
The election of 1852
The presidential election of 1852 was the defeat of Whig nominee candidate winfield Scott to democratic candidate Franklin pierce. The election set the last of the Whig party. It would be the last time the Whigs where the opposition of the democratic s. Later the party falls apart due to the tensions of the slavery expanding into territory's. -
Republican Party
The republican party first emerge due to the events of combating The Kansas Nebraska act. The early republic party had little support from the southern territory. In 1858 it would have enlisted formal Whigs politicians and formal free soil democratic to form the majority of the population in the north. The republicans belief that the people had the state rights to make their own laws and they also belief in a smaller federal government. -
Fur Trade
The north america fur trade was the activities of sell, trade and exchange of animal furs in america. During the 19th was when fur trade was at its very best. It became very successful in north america that it attracted completion from the Spanish. -
California Gold rush
The gold rush was the largest mass in the united states. When James W Marshall found gold at sutler mill the news of it got out quickly for everyone knew. Later on it was followed by three hundred thousand people from the nation migrating from california. The population of California would increase and its growing economy from the abundance from gold. -
Election of 1860
The presidential election of 1860 was the election in which republican Abraham Lincoln defeated democrat Stephen A Douglas southern democrat John C Breckenridge and union candidate john bell Abraham Lincoln promise not to interfere with slavery but opposed of spreading slavery. -
Ulysses S. Grant
He was the one who commanded the union throught the vicotry of the american civil war. When the war began he was immediately aproached to be the union army general because of his military background in the mexican american war. He was view as a person with dedication -
Tenements
Tenements were cause by the population in america expanding . Their were thousands of new immigrants coming to united states and New York had here the population doubled every decade from 1800 to 1880–buildings that had once been single-family dwellings were increasingly divided into multiple living spaces to accommodate this growing population. Known as tenements -
Walt-ham System
A labor system used in the early 19th century especially in the New England region which was becoming a large region for textile production. The mills were usually worked by teenage girls looking to escape from the farm life. Sig- The significance was this type of system created the first women's workforce, as well as allowing women for one of the first times to have a sense of independence. This type of system also contributed to the beginning of the industrialized America. -
Emancipation proclomation
It was issued by abraham Lincoln as the civil wae was approaching its third bloody year , this change the ways of the thirty milion slaves in the south to be declared free. This emancipation did not free all of the slaves it did not called for the outlaw of slavery. it didn't end slavery it only applied to certain states