-
Period: 1 CE to
Beginnings to Exploration
-
273
Conquest of Europe by the Roman
The Empire began to take over the Italian and the surrounding areas. Because of their advanced military technique and training, the Romans were able to attack and capture Spain, France, and Germany by the year 9 CE. It later would go on to capture major parts of the modern-day Turkish lands and the British Isle. This expansion was so massive but not too difficult as the Romans were not too focused on assimilation of new citizens, but rather the process of cultural trade. -
476
Fall of the Roman Empire
The empire was split into two, when the last ruler of both died and his two sons each became rulers of the two Romes, the empire began to fall. The Visigoths revolted in 395 and sacked the capital of Rome five years later. While this happened, various different ethnic groups attacked and revolted against the Roman governments, including the Vandals, Sueves, and the Anglo-Saxons. In 476, the last Roman ruler, Romulus was stripped of power by the Germanic Odoacer and the Roman Empire now over. -
1095
Indulgence Forgiveness of the Crusades
The Crusades began to reconquer the Holy Lands in the Middle East and with no real armies, the Church came up with a new idea. Pope Urban II advocated to the general public that going on a crusade for war was a just and morally right decision as a Christian. He went as far as to say that if one were to go to war, they would be forgiven of their sins. As many were of faith, they did not want to go to hell for their wrongdoings as mortals thus their trust in the Church led them on the Crusades. -
1347
Rats & Fleas of the Black Death
The major cause of the Black Death that scientist have found has been the rats, or rather the fleas, on the rats that carried the deadly bacteria coccobacillus. These rats and fleas began in China where they were transported most likely by the Mongols that conquered much of Europe decades prior. The rats and fleas were later moved from region to region in parts of Europe creating the catastrophic event known as the Black Death. -
1474
Ferdinand and Isabella Trastamara of Spain during the Exploration Era
The Catholic Monarchs, as the two are known, were the first royal power to pay entirely for a trip of exploration to the Western world through Christopher Columbus. With having had heard of Portugal’s various trips to find a route to Asia through sea, the Spanish did not want to be left behind and thus agreed to pay Columbus for his travels. The Monarchs were eventually claimed most of Central and South America for Spain because of these trips -
Oct 3, 1517
Martin Luther’s 95 Theses of the Reformation Era
Troubled by the copious amounts of sins and wrongdoings of the powerful Catholic Church, Martin Luther wrote the 95 Thesis, meaning 95 major sinful crimes that the Church was committing. The main thesis being the act of selling of Indulgences. The Catholic Pope had stated that sinners who gave money to the church would be resolved of sin, which Luther found wrong. Martin Luther would go on to nail the thesis’s on the doors of a Catholic Church as a show of opposition. -
1534
The Anglican Church of England of the Reformation Era
King Henry VIII was without children from his wife Catherine of Aragon so when he wanted to divorce and then remarry and the Catholic Church denied him the right, he split his country from the Church. He would go on to make himself the head of the Anglican Church and ensure that he could divorce. He made laws that English Royalty must all come and be married under the Anglican Church. The Anglican Church would become one of the many splits from the Catholic Church. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
-
Headright System
The Headright system was a grant of land which was fifty acres, and was given to new settlers settling in the thirteen colonies.The system was created in 1618, Jamestown, Virginia. This system was used as a way to attract new settlers as well as get them to help develop the emerging tobacco farming. Most settlers arriving in the thirteen colonies were indentured servants. The headright system played a big role in the expansion of thirteen colonies in the new world, also known as America. -
Slaves
Slaves were first introduced in the 17th century, and became an important part of the colony's life until the late 18th century. Slaves were people whose lives were owned by others. Most slave were used for hard labor and did not hold a very pleasant livelihood. Most were auctioned off and separated from their families due to this corrupt system of slavery. At this time period, slaves were transported to the Americas through the triangular trade route. -
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first agreement reached by pilgrims on the ship called the Mayflower, in the year 1620. The agreement known bounded the Pilgrims to their own civilized society that was filled with laws and rules that would help make them establish as a real society within the new world. This society was to be called the Plymouth Colony and it laid the foundation to the Americas we know today. It remained active until the colony became apart of Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691. -
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts were a series of acts passed in the English Parliament in the years 1651, 1660, 1662, 1663, 1670 and 1673. The Navigation Acts were used to put restrictions on the thirteen colony's trading actions. They were only allowed to do send and receive imports and exports to the country England. The colonist of the thirteen colonies did not just stand by to these acts and decided to start smuggling goods which was against the acts, because of this, England started enforcing new acts. -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was the overthrowing of King James II. It was also called the revolution of 1866 as well as the bloodless revolution. It was known as the bloodless revolution because the overthrowing of King James II was not a violent revolution. The English parliament offered the throne to James' protestant daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. The Glorious Revolution resulted in England having a constitutional monarchy where parliament held most of the power. -
English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights was a document that was filled with acts that the parliament of England wrote out for the people of England that pertained basic civil rights as well as plans for who would be the next in line for the royal crown. The English Bill of Rights was signed by William and Mary, who at the time held the royal crown. The Bill of Rights that is used in the United States drew many things from the English version and based their whole constitution off of it as well. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials was a event during the 1600's in Salem Village, Massachusetts that caused the accusations of over two hundred innocent people being witches and the death of eighteen. The accusations begun because of a group of young girls claimed to be possessed by Satan and started accusing others of being witches and using witchcraft. It is believed today that the real behavior of the girls being possessed by the devil was caused due to convulsive egotism. -
Period: to
Colonial America to 1763
-
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade was operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries and within it there was the trading of slaves, goods, and cash crops. There were three major operators of the Triangular Trade route. The three operators included the continent of Africa, the Americas, and the country of England. Because of the Triangular Trade Route, there were many economic benefits of all those who participated. It became an important part of the economy for all those included. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was the time period when the revival of religions and religious teaching was coming back into importance. It occurred during the 1730's and 1740's. Through reform and evangelic teachings and preaching, the Great Awakening left a huge impact on American religions and the different types of religions there were. Before the Great Awakening, there was only the one body of church, after, there were many different religions and teachings going around in America. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment movement during the late seventeenth century and the eighteenth century was a time when the philosophy was roaming above that of the religious mind and teachings. This age of philosophy and reason was also called the age of enlightenment because people were starting to go against the teachings of the church and starting to think on their own. The entire goal of this era was to inform the public and make them have a mind of their own, one that was not under the churches control. -
Middle Passage
The Middle Passage was a route that the slave trade used for transporting slaves and the like. The slave traders brought slaves from West Africa. The trips were long and brutal, most slaves did not live to make it to their destinations which included America, especially in the south. The treatment of slaves were not very good on the boats. The slaves were usually crammed packed into the boats on top of each other. Two million African slaves died while on the trip during the middle passage. -
Seven Years War/ French and Indian War
The Seven Years War, also known as the French and Indian War was a war between the French and Great Britain for land in North America. The war lasted from the years 1756 to 1763 and dragged all the major powers at the time which included the five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. The French and the Brits both experienced huge financial losses from the war with long term consequences. -
Militias
By definition, militias are a military force that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency. During this time period of the American Revolution, armed citizens pledged to defend their country even though they had no prior military experience. The militias at this time were mostly defensive and acted primarily as a police force and guard against the redcoats. At the time, America needed as many forces as possible against the British and they came to militias -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War 1763-1783
-
Treaty of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris 1763 was the treaty that ended the Seven Year war, also known as the French and Indian War between the mighty Great Britain and the French. The mighty country of Great Britain won the war. The treaty then gave Britain control of all of Canada, land from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River. The French gave up all its territories inland in North America which gave the Great Britain nothing to feat of. -
Townshend Acts
The Townshend Acts were acts that the British Parliament passed on to the American people the 1767 through 1768. The Townshend Acts caused the Boston Massacre of 1770 to occur as well as the occupation of British troops in the Americas. The Townshend acts placed an indirect tax on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. Many citizens were furious with these new taxes and decided to fight against it through rebellions and propaganda. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre was an act of propaganda against the country of Great Britain because of the new taxes they were proposing to the American Citizens. In the newspaper and other sources of information, the American people showed as if the British guards had killed a bunch of people due to the Americans throwing and tormenting the guards. In reality, only three people died when the British guards shot into the crowd of people. This brought the American Revolution closer and closer. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party occurred on December sixteenth, in the year 1773. The Boston Tea Party was an act of rebellion against the British parliament's tea act of 1773 by the Sons of Liberty in which they dumped what now is millions of dollars worth of tea into the harbor while dressed as native Americans. This act of protest by the Sons of Liberty caused the British to become even more angry at the Americans and put even more strict laws on them. -
Common Sense
The book of Common sense, which was written by the amazing Thomas Paine, was a book about gaining independence from England and actually was a key point in gaining the momentum to stir the revolution from England. Common Sense also stated the need for the creation of a democratic republic. This was the first piece of documentation that openly asked for the mighty country, Great Britain. Nearly one hundred and twenty thousand copies were sold which also helped spread the word of independence. -
The declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was a document that contained the separation from England, the dominate superpower at this time period. The majority of the document. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. Other key figures in the creation of the document include Benjamin Franklin and John Adams. The key points of the document state that all men are created equal and the basic human rights given by god, but the main point is that the separation from England is needed. -
Battle of Saratoga
The Battle of Saratoga was a battle during the American Revolution. The British's surrender due to their defeat at the battle decided the turning point of the whole American Revolution. The victory to the Americans gave the troops a huge boost in morality and also convinced other foreign countries that the Americans could in fact win the war, so they decided to aid them. This made the rest of the war an even bigger chance for the Americans to win. -
Period: to
The constitution
-
Massachusetts Constitution
The Massachusetts Constitution was short for, The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Constitution was the last constitution ratified by the the thirteen original colonies. It was drafted by John Adams and is still used as a model of government for the United States even today. It is is the world's oldest functioning written constitution ever in the United States of America. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was the first real constitution in the Untied States of America and was the only constitution until it got replaced by the United States Constitution in 1789. Though it was good after the American Revolution and helped with the newly independent country, it was still incomplete. The Articles soon failed because they did not give Congress and the national government enough power. This was seen through Shay's Rebellion. -
Steam Powered Engines
The invention of Steam Powered Engines really pushed the United States into an era of industrial revolution that was occurring in the North. Thomas Newcomen built the first steam engine in the year 1712, but James Watt and Matthew Boulton improved on it in 1770's. The steam engine was also implemented into trains at the time and made transportation so much faster. This overall helped the entirety of the United States because moving materials and people became easier. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
The Treaty of Paris which occurred in the year 1783 was the treaty that ended the American Revolution, which was war against the Americans and the country of Britain. The treaty of Paris 1783 helped America be recognized as an independent nation, one that was not under the influence or control of England. American statesmen Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and John Jay were the ones the Americans sent to negotiate the peace treaty with Great Britain. -
Shay's Rebellion
Danial Shay was the person who initiated the rebellion, which was called Shay's Rebellion in the year 1786. This was at the time that the United States of America had just fought off the British army and gained independence from them. The Articles of Confederation was the government plan at the time and due to Shay's rebellion and his march to destroy the government showed how weak the Articles of Confederation was. The Constitution soon replaced the AOC because of how weak it was to rebellion. -
Virginia Plan
James Madison was the creator of the Virginia plan. The Virginia plan was also in relations with the New Jersey plan which offered the idea that each state gets represented equally so that small states could compete with big states. The Virginia Plan offered the idea that each state would get represented based on their population. Also the Virginia Plan is a plan that proposed a strong national government while the New Jersey plan was the opposite. -
New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey Plan was the proposal to how the United States would be governed by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15th. The New Jersey Plan as also known as the small state plan because their main point in their plan was that all the states be represented equally. The Plan detailed a legislature of only one house and an equal representation in which each state had the same number of representatives. -
Great Compromise (Connecticut plan)
The Great Compromise, also know as the Connecticut or Sherman Compromise was the compromise between the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan. The Compromise called for proportional representation in the House and one representative per state in the Senate which was later changed to two representatives. The Great Compromise helped build the foundation for the constitution that is in place today and made an example that even big topics can be solved through a compromise. -
Period: to
The New Republic
-
George Washington
George Washington was the first President of the United States of America and was a general that held very outstanding feats. He commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. He would become a national hero in the eyes of the United States citizens, and even be viewed as though he was a god. He served two full terms as presidents of the United States and was even eventually put on the dollar bill in today's currency. -
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights were the first ten amendments that were in the constitution and were used to show the rights of the people, as well as the rights of the states. The Bill of Rights were created on 9/25/1789 but wasn't ratified until 12/15/1791. James Madison was the person that wrote the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights used in the Unites states drew upon the Bill of Rights that was in England at the time. America drew many things from England. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was the rebellion is which the people resisted the tax put on liquors by rebelling. The tax on liquor was issued on August eighteenth, 1792. At the time, the new constitution of the United States had been put into place and replaced the articles of Confederation. The Whiskey Rebellion being put down the way it did showed the nation's new government plan had been successful and that the balance between the government's power and the power of the people was right. -
Cotton Gin
The Cotton Gin was the invention of the renowned inventor, Eli Whitney. Te cotton gin helped make gathering cotton from outside much easier and also faster. Due to the cotton gin, the value of slaves went up because gathering cotton was made easier thus the amount of cotton being gathered was a remarkable amount bigger than before. The Cotton Gin revolutionized the South by now producing more cotton and a higher demand for laborers in the field. -
Jay's Treaty
Jay's treaty occurred on November nineteenth, 1794, and it was between the representatives of Great Britain and the representatives of the United States of America in which they were trying to settle a ongoing dispute between the two countries that had not disappeared even after the American Revolution. The treaty didn't stop British impressment on American sailors instead it provoke Jeffersonian outrage and ultimately lead to another treaty with Spain -
Election of 1796
The Election of 1796 was a big deal because was the first contested american election and the only one in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing tickets. The election was between John Adams, a federalist, vs Thomas Jefferson, a republican. John Adams won the election by seventy one to sixty eight while Thomas Jefferson would be the vice president of the United States. John Adams is the second president in the history of the United States of America. -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
-
Election of 1800
The election of 1800 was also a huge election because was a long, bitter re-match of the 1796 election between the pro-French and pro-decentralization Democratic-Republicans under Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The two candidates hated each other with a passion. Thomas Jefferson won the election against John Adam but tied with Aaron Burr. The House of Representatives had to determine who would win the presidential election. Thomas Jefferson won and was the third president of the United States. -
Marbury vs Madison
The united States Supreme Court had a case called the Marbury vs Madison. This supreme court case is considered one of the most important cases in the history of the United States of America. The case helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial b ranches of the American form of government. This piece of the supreme court that was made that day is an important part of our government now. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the huge piece of land that the united States bought from France for a seeming impossible price. The deal was made while Thomas Jefferson was the president and he was the one who made the move in order to get the land. the United States doubled in size from being Louisiana from France. It was approximately 827,000 square miles of land for 15 million dollars. This deal was one of the biggest land grants in the history of the United States. -
12th amendment
The twelfth amendment provided the procedure for electing the President and Vice president. This was determined because of the results of the election of 1800, because during that election Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied and the government had to deal with it. The amendment was proposed by the Congress on December nine, 1803 and was ratified by the on June fifteenth, 1804. The 12th amendment stated that presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party. -
war of 1812
The War of 1812 was a war between the mighty British army and the Americans of the United States of America. The war was started because the British did not honor the Treaty of Paris the because they did not give up the things listed in the treaties, restricted trade for the Americans. The war of 1812 ended as a draw and America could finally say that they were truly independent. This was the start of their building up to be the most powerful superpower. -
Lowell Mills
Lowell Mills were the moving age of the industrial revolution for the United States the Lowell Mills were a complex of textile mills built by the Boston Company in 1823 in Lowell, Massachusetts.The Lowell Mills were the key driving force for the industrial revolution and many things occurred after these that soon followed suite. he Lowell Mills was staffed by more than 8,000 single young women. The women were replaced by immigrant workers. -
Period: to
Early America Industrial Revolution
-
Adam's Onis Treaty
The Adam's Onis Treaty is the treaty that gave Florida to the United States of America. The treaty was between the Spanish and the Americans. This treaty also set out the border between the Spanish and the Americans. The Treaty is named after the men who negotiated the agreement: John Quincy Adams and Don Luis de Onís. This treaty settled a border dispute between the US and Spain and was considered a triumph of American diplomacy. -
McCulloch vs Maryland
The United States Supreme court held the McCulloch vs Maryland. This court case is considered one of the most important cases of all time in the United States entire history. The court case gave power to the Constitution to build a second bank of the United States. The result of this case was that the federal government held some power over the states because it was found that congress could pass laws not specifically in the Constitution. -
Panic of 1819
The Panic of 1819 was an economic depression, one of America's first major financial crisis since its creation as a new country, one that is independent from Britain. It was the ending point of the economic growth that the War of 1812 had brought. The Panic of 1819 is considered one of the most horrifying depressions in history. The depression was so bad that it did not stop instantly, it lasted another two years after it first struck. -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
-
Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was the movement in which the consumption on any alcohol of any kind was not accepted. The people wanted complete abstinence because following the American Revolution, many Americans were drinking way too much which led to social problems and economic problems. The movement of abstinence was spread through posters and rallies, as well as petitions to get rid of alcohol because many saw it being the root of all family and crime issues. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise's purpose was to keep a balance when it came to free states and slave states. It allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state at the same time Maine entered as a free state which in turn, kept the number of slave states and free states equal and balanced. A balance between the slave and free states was held at a border, it was held at an imaginary line at 36 30 latitude. States above the line would be free and those below would be slave states. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy statement that created separate spheres of European and American influence. The Monroe Doctrine was written by John Quincy Adams and James Monroe. The Monroe Doctrine basically told all the other foreign countries that the United States of America would not tolerate any attempt to or any further colonization of the United States soil. It also stated that the United States would stay neutral in any foreign affairs. -
Period: to
Jacksonian America
-
Presidency of John Q. Adams.
John Quincy Adams was sixth president of the United States of America. During his presidency, he helped establish a national bank for the United States. He also help negotiate the Adam's Onis treaty which was the treaty in which the United States would gain Florida. His presidential term lasted from the years March fourth, 1825 – March fourth, 1829. John Quincy Adams fought against slavery and helped lay way for the abolition of slavery in general. -
Immigration
The Industrial Revolution led to the openings of jobs and careers thanks to the new developments of technology and making things faster in general, especially transportation. Thanks to all those improvements, people started to immigrate to the United States thanks to all these opportunities that were being held. The immigrants came from Italy, Greece, and other Eastern European countries. Immigrants helped build the United States to the country it is today. -
Election of 1828
The Election of 1828 was the eleventh presidential election in the history of the United States of America. It was the first election elected by the common man. It was a re-match between President John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. Jackson, a democrat, wins overwhelmingly with a outstanding one hundred seventy eight votes to Adams eighty three votes. This election was very similar to the ones used in modern days because of how dirty and mean it was. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States of America. Andrew Jackson was a war hero because of the Battle of New Orleans. He was known as the common man because of his plan to work for the greater good of the common people and citizens of America rather than the wealthy and rich. He became the leader of the new Democratic Party. Jackson also appears on the $20 bill. He is an important president in the United States history. -
First Police Forces
The first police forces were started out in the country Great Britain. They were known there as "bobbies". They were started out under the English Parliament by Sir Robert Peel. He was known as the father of modern policing. England wanted a safe and civilized society so they needed people to enforce the law and make their country safe and sound. In the end, Sir Robert Peel's goal became a reality and even succeeded to other countries and parts of the world. -
Joseph Smith (Mormons)
Joseph Smith was the founder of Mormonism and also the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. He was a self proclaimed prophet of Mormonism but he quickly gathered a following. His religion of Mormonism took off in 1830 in Salt Lake City, Utah because his church of Mormonism headquarters's was there. Smith was killed by a mob in Carthage, Illinois, on June twenty seventh, 1844. He was killed because he was charged with treason and conspiracy. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Turner's Rebellion was also known as the Southampton Insurrection. It was a slave rebellion that ended up killing fifty one white people. This caused the people of the south to end up wanting to keep slavery inside their states because they knew what could happen if slavery became illegal and they couldn't hold anything over African Americans. After the rebellion, Nat Turner went on the run. He was caught two months later and was executed. -
Trail of Tears
The Trail of Tears was the horrendous journey the Americans forced the native Americans to do because they were forcing them off their land and territory. Andrew Jackson was the president at the time and he despised native Americans since he had battled them when he was just a leader in the army. The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects. The migrants faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion on the forced march -
Election of 1832
The Election of 1832 was between Andrew Jackson, a Democrat, Henry Clay, a whig, and the Anti-Masonic Party candidate William Wirt. Andrew Jackson's goal during this was to kill the second national bank. This was Andrew Jackson second time re-electing for president so he wanted to go for two terms rather than one. Andrew Jackson won and through his power as the president, he killed the idea of any national bank coming to life in the United States. -
Nullification Crisis
The Nullification Crisis was when South Carolina thought that they could just go over rules and do things that were not in the constitution. Andrew Jackson, the president at the time did not like this at all because he thought that it would lead the the United States splitting up because any state could do whatever they wanted to. South Carolina that it could nullify tariffs and they were put down, but this was the beginning of the states seceding from the United States. -
American Anti Slavery Society
The American Anti Slavery Society was an abolitionist group of people that did not support slavery at all. It was founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. Fredrick Douglas, a slave that escaped and went to the North was one the the American Anti Slavery Society main leader. The American Anti Slavery Society often helped free slaves and do what they could to make those who were slaves have a better life. People in the North did not like the AASS because of different views. -
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism was a nineteenth century movement that showed people that everyone could find the truth by using their spirit and guiding it to the truth that they have known. Transcendentalism was developed in the late 1820's and 1830's in the eastern United States. It was considered a protest to intellectuals and those who only embraced spirituality because there had to be a common ground between the two. -
Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jacinto was one of the battles during the Texas Revolution. The battle lasted eighteen minutes but in those eighteen short minutes many people died on the battlefield.630 Mexicans and 730 were taken to prison. Only nine of the 910 Texans were killed or mortally wounded and 30 were wounded less seriously. The Mexicans were taken by surprise so that's why the battle ended so fast and only a few Texas soldiers were killed. -
Iron Plow
The Iron Plow was a key tool in the agriculture technology area because it made the land so much easier to crops and food because the dirt would be plowed which made the dirt more viable for living and it also would kill all the things that would hurt the crops growing in the same area. It was invented by the inventor, John Deere, who's products are still being used today since they were such a well made and desirable product. -
Period: to
westward expansion
-
Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a time in the 1800's were the religious side of The United States of America. conversions to other religions and the churches that were preexisting were starting to change with the times. Women became more involved in the church and even gained more power within the church. It did not only affecting religion, the movement influenced other aspects such as the women's rights movement, reform in education, abolishment of slavery and the advancements in literature. -
Oregon Trail
The Oregon Trail of 1840 was a super long trail used by the pioneers in the West to travel to the great plains while in search for a place to settle down that has fertile land and good land for doing all that needs to be done. Between 1841 and 1869, hundreds of thousands of people traveled westward on the trail in large wagon train to carry their belongings. The trail was over two thousand miles long so it took months to travel through all of it. -
Election of 1840
The election of 1840 was the election between between Martin Van Buren and William Henry Harrison. This would have been Martin Van Buren's second term if he had won but he lost. Harrison won with two hundred thirty four votes to Buren sixty votes. Thirty Days after being elected to president, William Henry Harrison died of pneumonia, making him the shortest term president had ever had in the history of the United States of America. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was the belief that the Americans had to do whatever they could and whatever was necessary to expand their land and journey out West. In the 1800's it was a belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. There was a lot of positives for pushing west but there were also many negatives such as the white man thinking they could destroy anything that got in there way. -
Mexican American War
The Mexican American War was a war against the Americans and the Mexicans. The main cause of the Mexican American war was the fact that the Americans were the ones pushing on West for Manifest Destiny and breaching past the borders set on Mexico, The Americans also wanted to gain as much land as possible and get Texas. The United States won and added 500,000 square miles to the US because Mexico was forced to give up the present-day states of Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and California. -
Battle of Vera Cruz
The Battle of Vera Cruz was a twenty day siege of the Mexican seaport. The United States Won the battle through sheer power and the strength of their mighty military power. After twelve days the American artillery doing great damage from firing the Mexicans, they agreed to surrender witch resulted with America winning. In total, the battle lasted only a few days. The battle Lasted from March ninth tot the twenty ninth, 1847. -
Period: to
Sectional Crisis
-
California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush in 1848 was when James Marshall discovered gold in the banks of California and this brought upon a massive amount of people in search for gold. Even though in reality, there wasn't much gold, many people made money off the people searching for gold by selling tools, shelters, and food. 300,00 people rushed to California in search of gold and wealth. The American economy grew thanks to the amount of money being made dealing with the gold rush. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of the year 1848, was the treaty that ended the brutal, Mexican American War. The United States gained New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. The United States of America had to pay$15 million in compensation due to the amount of damage the war had caused to both the people of Mexico and to the environment. In the end, the United States of America gained the most out of it. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention of the year 1848 was a women's right convention was held, the first one in the United States of America's history. Over two hundred women showed up to the convention. The convention was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two abolitionists who met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention. While at the convention they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments that tried to get women the right to vote. -
Election of 1848
The election of 1848 was an election between the candidates, Whig candidate Zachary Taylor defeated the Democratic nominee Lewis Cass and the free soil candidate Martin Van Buren. He beat them both with a total of a hundred and sixty three votes. Zachary Taylor was a war hero and thus it made him pretty popular when it came to the presidential election. Zachary Taylor became the president of the United States of America. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was when Henry Clay the senator at the time wanted to have 5 separate bills completed in his name. He didn't want slave trade in Washington D, California enters as a free state and other states get to determine if they are free or not. He also wanted to get rid of the debt that the United States of America. He also wanted to get rid of the Fugitive Slave act and he wanted to solve the problem between the north and the south. -
Election of 1852
The election of 1852 was between the nominatee was between Franklin pierce, a democrat candidate, and Winfield Scott, a whig. It was the seventeenth presidential election in the bold United States of America's precious history. The South's side were all for the support of their runner up and wanted him to win but in the north it was completely different. They were reluctant to support him and didn't really care if he won or loss. -
Industrialization vs. Agriculture
Industrialization vs. Agriculture is like saying the north vs the south in the United States of America because that's how it was. The north focused primarily on industry while the south focused on agriculture and getting their cash crop which was cotton that's why they needed slaves and the north did not. The north made more money because industry was more valuable and they could do trade and other economic action much faster compared to the south. -
Kansas Nebraska Act
The Kansas Nebraska Act was when the states could decide for themselves whether or not they wanted to be considered free or slave states. The Act was put in place to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30. This imaginary line divided the country of the United States of America in half, those who wanted to own slaves and those who did not want to own slaves. Kansas had slavery. -
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a way for slaves to escape to the North. It was formed in the nineteenth century and helped free thousands of slaves. It was a series of routes that held safe houses, people with food and water they could give. Around 100,000 slaves between escaped and majority of the slaves came from the upper south states that bordered free states such as Kentucky, Virginia and Maryland. -
Election of 1860
The Election of 1860 was the nineteenth presidential election of the mighty United States of America. It was between John C Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, John Bell and Abraham Lincoln that was held November sixth, 1860. Abraham Lincoln, who is apart of the republican party, would win with one hundred and eighty Electoral votes. Abraham Lincoln would become a great president only to be assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. -
Period: to
The American Civil War
-
North in the civil war
The North in the civil war were the industrial side and held all the economic and materials gain over the south. The only thing they didn't have was a good leader until Ulysses S Grant came and ran them to have victory over the south, or slave lovers in the Civil War. The North had a huge advantage over the south and they used every advantage they could, they even had the resources to blockade the south which helped them win the war. -
South in the civil war
The South in the civil war had huge disadvantages when it came to the north but since the only advantage they had was their military leaders, they could compete with the north for much longer than they should have. The South had almost no materials or food to keep them going but they lasted far longer than anyone would have thought, they thought the war would end fast but it ended up lasting a whole four years in total. -
1st Bull Run (1st Manassas)
1st Bull Run (1st Manassas) or the Battle of Bull Run was a battle during the civil war and was a very important battle of the civil war.It was also known as the Battle of First Manassas. It was fought in Prince William County, Virginia, on July twenty first, 1861. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War n which untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington. -
Peninsular Campaign
The Peninsular Campaign was the Union's plan to win early in the war because they thought it would be a quick and clean war, both sides actually thought this but in reality it was a long and brutal war that lasted a total of 4 whole years. George McClellan was in charge of the whole campaign, but he had a delay in the beginning because he got typhoid Fever. He overestimated himself and ended up losing a battle thanks to his mindset. -
Emancipation Proclamation
In September of 1862, The Emancipation Proclamation, written by the President of the United States of America said to his country that he would emancipate all the slaves living in the United States of America. The Emancipation Proclamation, which changed the legal status of more than 3 million people in the South from slave to free showed how true the effects of the civil war were and that Abraham Lincoln was not just messing around. -
The Gettysburg Address
The Battle of Gettysburg of 1863 was a major turnign pint in the advancement of the American Civil war for the union army of the north. The battle lasted for three days of july first to July third with many skirmishes betweeen the union General grant and confederated General Lee. General Grant's victory at the battle marked the downturn of southern forces as General Lee loses up to one third of his entire army force, forcing him to retreat south. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
-
Abraham Lincoln Assassination
Abraham Lincoln's Assassination was a planned killing at a theater while the president of the United States of America was watching a play. One of the actors on the play named John Wilkes Booth was a confederate loyalist and was still mad that his side which was the south had lost, because of this he planned to kill the president. He did and while trying to escape he jumped off the two story seats and broke his leg. He was caught and hunged. -
13th Amendment
The 13th amendment was ratified in 1865 and was known as one of the three "freedom" amendments. It stated that slavery would no longer be legal and would no longer be legal l and would now be considered as and unconstitutional act. Because this amendment infringed upon the southerners rights and beliefs of slavery, many were outraged and found several other ways to restrict the rights of African Americans, -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment to the constitution was ratified On July 28th, 1868. The amendment grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United Sates, Which include former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil war. As a result of the of this amendment being passed, no person could be denied equal protection of the laws and no person was allowed to be deprived of life,liberty, or happiness without consultation of the law. -
Election of 1868
The election of 1868 was the 21st presidential election and the first presidential election to take place after the Civil war (During the Reconstruction period). the republicans nominated General Grant to run for presidency in 1868. The republican party continuously supported the reconstruction of the south, white Grant stood on the stance of just wanting peace. The democrats nominated Horatio Seymour but General Grant won the election nonetheless. -
The 15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment to the constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that "the rights of citizens of the united states shall not be denied or abridged by the United states or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude" This amendment was passed by congress on February 26th, and 1869 and ratified on February 3rd, 1870 by the states. The purpose was to ensure states didn't deny rights based on race -
Panic of 1873
The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that started a depression in Europe and North America which lasted for 6 years. The panic was caused by the over-construction of railroads and factories than the market could manage. In addition to this, the excessive loans and credit from banks to those projects contributed to the depression. Smaller banks were forced to close, stock markets fell, and there was a high unemployment rate due to the panic. -
Charles Grandison Finney
Charles Grandison Finney was on August 29th, 1792 and died on August 16th, 1875. He lead the second great awakening and also was know as the "father of modern revivalism" He had the belief that conversions were human creations instead of the divine works of God. The Social Gospel he created offered salvation to all. His Christian beliefs lead him to promote reforms as abolition of slavery and education for women and slaves. -
Election of 1876
Samuel Tilden and Rutherford Hayes were the primary candidates in the election of 1876. Tilden won with a total of 184 electoral votes while Hayes had 165 (20 uncounted), this was the first presidential election in 20 years where the Democratic part won the majority of the popular vote. Due to the closeness of the election allegations of widespread voter's fraud forced congress to set up a special electoral commission to decide the winner, the vote ended up being 8-7 making hayes the winner. -
Compromise of 1877
The compromise of 1877 was an informal deal between the republican and democratic party (Rutherford Hayes and Samuel Tilden). This deal included the removal of troops from Louisiana and South Carolina, concessions for building a transcontinental railroad like the north had done, and a way to keep the people from going to war with each other again by returning powers to the south. The Compromise of 1877 also marked the end of the reconstruction era.
