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CHAPTER 28, THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT – PROTESTS TIMELINE (1954-1965)
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
In the 1950s, school segregation was widely accepted throughout the nation. In fact, it was required by law in most southern states. In 1952, the Supreme Court heard a number of school-segregation cases, including Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas -
The Emmitt Till Incident in Money, Mississippi
Most Americans during the 1950s were not particularly interested in the Civil Rights movement. They were also for the most part not aware of the violence and brutality toward Blacks in the South. It was a Chicago teenager, Emmitt Till, and his mother that began the process of educating America. Emmett was a 14 year old boy endearingly called Bobo by his mother. His murder was gruesome. His mother bravely decided to keep the casket open to expose to the nation what was happening to Black people, -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks, a 43 year old black seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man. The following night, fifty leaders of the Negro community met at Dexter Ave. Baptist Church to discuss the issue. Among them was the young minister, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. -
Desegregation at Little Rock, Arkansas
Little Rock Central High School was to begin the 1957 school year desegregated. On September 2, the night before the first day of school, Governor Faubus announced that he had ordered the Arkansas National Guard to monitor the school the next day. When a group of nine black students arrived at Central High on September 3, the were kept from entering by the National Guardsmen. -
Sit-in Campaigns
After having been refused service at the lunch counter of a Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina, Joseph McNeill, a Negro college student, returned the next day with three classmates to sit at the counter until they were served. They were not served. The four students returned to the lunch counter each day -
Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama was one of the most severely segregated cities in the 1960s. Black men and women held sit-ins at lunch counters where they were refused service, and "kneel-ins" on church steps where they were denied entrance. Hundreds of demonstrators were fined and imprisoned. In 1963, Dr. King, the Reverend Abernathy and the Reverend Shuttlesworth lead a protest march in Birmingham -
March on Washington
Despite worries that few people would attend and that violence could erupt, A. Philip Randolpf and Bayard Rustin organized the historic event that would come to symbolize the civil rights movement. A reporter from the Times wrote, "no one could ever remember an invading army quite as gentle as the two hundred thousand civil rights marchers who oc.cupied Washington -
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