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Period: 1095 to 1291
The Crusades
There were four Crusades to attempt to recover the holy land from the Saracen Turks for the European Christian world (Ignitia.com Editors). They were a failure but they major influence on medieval Europe. When they returned from the crusades they had brought with them many new materials and goods that we wanted. This was the start of trade with the east trading wine and woolen goods in exchange for spices, glass art, and many new and unique items Europe did not have before (Ignitia.com Editors). -
Period: 1500 to
The Renaissance
The Renaissance began in Italy in 1301 and spread to Europe in the 16th century (Ignitia.com Editors). The movable printing press invented by Johann Gutenberg helped ideas spread during the Renaissance from other countries to Europe (Ignitia.com Editors). -
Period: Oct 31, 1517 to
The Reformation
The Reformation began with Martin Luther posting his 95 theses outside of his church (Ignitia.com Editors). The theses were to debate the teaching of the Catholic church. Martins's ideas were spread further by John Calvin in Switzerland. Now with the printing press many more people are able to read the bible in their own languages and making their own ideas from it. Religious wars were being fought between Catholics and the Separatists because the Catholics wanted their church to lead everything -
Period: 1578 to
The beginning of Colonization
Elizabeth I was not interested in colonization (Ignitia.com Editors). She sent royal charters to influence trade in England. Then a man named Richard Hakluyt said that England would not be able to match the power of Spain and Portugal if we had no land. So she sent Sir Humphrey Gilbert on a first voyage and had 250 settlers and landed in Newfoundland in 1583. Another man Sir Walter Raleigh tried to start a colony at Roanoke Island in 1584 but when supply ships came there was no one to be found. -
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The Mayflower sets sail
The Mayflower set sail in September of 1620 from Plymouth and landed on the land that is now Provincetown and stayed here for the winter before moving to Virginia (Ignitia.com Editors). Many of the settlers had died during the winter and moved after the winter (Ignitia.com Editors). -
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Slavery
Slavery was legal in the states from the start of colonization until 1865, because it was easier and faster than the slave owners doing all of their own manual labor. Yes, it was wrong and should have been against the law but everyone then thought that it was okay until William Lloyd Garrison started the American Anti-Slavery Society after Britain outlawed slavery. -
The Mayflower Compact
Mayflower passengers elected John Carver,a separatist as their governor (Ignitia.com Editors). The passengers agreed on a set of laws that, settlers would be binding on saints and strangers alike(Ignitia.com Editors). This was the first attempt at self-government, people wanted a fresh start and a new government and laws to abide by. -
Plymouth Rock
After the winter the colonists moved to Virginia. Soon after they had established fortifications, a church, and homes. During that spring a Samoset walked to the main meeting house and spoke English, this had established a great friendship with two tribes. The tribes had shown the pilgrims where to fish and how to plant Indian corn which became the main food source of the colony (Ignitia.com Editors). -
Rhode Island
In 1636 Roger Williams a torchbearer of religious freedom had purchased land from the Indians at the head of Narragansett Bay. And in the spring of 1636, Williams and some of his followers founded Providence Plantations which will become Rhode Island (Ignitia.com Editors). In 1644, Williams obtained a charter for his colony from the king. It had provided for an assembly and a governor. Religion was left to Rogers and he chose religious freedom (Ignitia.com Editors). -
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Delaware
The area was first controlled by the swedes then the dutch and they had split the area into three (Ignitia.com Editors). It then fell into the hands of the English in 1664. William Penn's first grant of land did not include any coastline and he wanted to reach the sea to trade (Ignitia.com Editors). He drew up the "Great Law of Pennsylvania" which established the colonists to elect their own representatives and judges. In 1704, it was finally made into a separate colony named Delaware. -
Georgia
James Oglethorpe and a group of reformers secured the title to the land between South Carolina and Spanish Florida. Their plan was to have a buffer zone between the Spanish to keep them from moving north (Ignitia.com Editors). He did not allow slavery, prohibit the importation of rum and brandy, and limit individual landholdings to fifty acres. In 1752 Oglethorpe asked the king to take over. Slaves were imported cotton and rice plantations were established (Ignitia.com Editors). -
English Albany Plan
The English knew that they would have a better chance to defeat the French if the colonies would join and help. The King called a meeting in Albany. Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania proposed that all the colonies band together in a union (ignitia.com Editors). A legislature would be formed that would consist of a president general, to be appointed by the king, and a council, whose members would be chosen by the colonial legislatures. The colonies did not accept the Albany Plan of Union -
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French and Indian War
The French and Indian War was the fourth war to try and get the French out of mainland America. One of the first battles was called the Ohio Valley Conflict where Lieutenant Governor Dinwiddie decided to build a fort where the Ohio River met the Allegheny and the Monongahela rivers (Ignitia.com Editors). In 1754 a small army led by George Washington were set out to build a small fort right where the French were building theirs. He set out to fight the French losing the first battle of the War. -
Writs of Assistance
In 1761, the British officials were ordered to enforce the Navigation Acts and to seize all goods smuggled into the colonies (Ignitia.com Editors). The officials were then given the writs of assistance, to enter the warehouses, shops, and homes of the colonists to look for smuggled goods. -
Treaty of Paris
This had ended the French and Indian War between Britain and France, as well as their allies. France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, ending foreign military in the colonies. -
First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was comprised of delegates from all the colonies except Georgia. Met in the reaction to the Coercive Acts, a series of measures imposed by the British government on the colonies in response to the resistance to new taxes (history.com). -
Second Continental Congress
The second congress was called to talk about England and to start the raising of the Continental Army and the beginning of self-government. They were raising an army to fight the Revolutionary War. -
Continental Army Established
The Army was established by the second continental army to fight in the revolutionary war. They had many weaknesses was loosely organized, lacked equipment and money, and they did not have training. -
Common Sense
Thomas Payne wrote this to try and convince people to break away from Great Britain and Start their own country and laws (Ignitia.com Editors). -
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Articles of Confederation
This was the first attempt at self government and had many weaknesses including no power to tax, no power to print money, and no power to control trade. The states had more power than the government. -
neutrality proclamation
This was George Washington's way of telling people that we are a neutral nation and will not support European Wars. -
Expansion Rights
This was the law that was put in place during the war of 1812 because Americans were filled with manifest destiny but there was a problem with slavery some people thought that the south would get more economic power if it was another slave state but the south thought that the north would get more economic power this was one of the problems with the expansion. -
Monroe Doctrain
The document had 4 major points. (1) The United States would not interfere in the internal affairs of or the wars between European powers; (2) the United States recognized and would not interfere with existing colonies and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere; (3) the Western Hemisphere was closed to future colonization; and (4) any attempt by a European power to oppress or control any nation in the Western Hemisphere would be viewed as a hostile act against the United States. -
Dred Scott Case
He was the slave to an army surgeon in the free state of Illinois then to Fort Snelling in Wisconsin Territory where the Missouri Compromise had outlawed slavery. There, Scott married Harriet Robinson, also enslaved, in a rare civil ceremony; her owner transferred ownership of Harriet to Emerson. He had sued for his and his wife's freedom because they were in a free state and not released. They had won their freedom but were soon enslaved again but he went to the supreme court and won again. -
Compromise of 1850
As a part of the Compromise of 1850 the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. -
Life in the East
The ground was rocky and had a short growing season. But the mountains terrain and rivers were good for making power to run textile factories and mills. Along with the people immigrating from Europe because of the potato famine there were many new employees to run the factoires. -
Life in the south
Slavery was the center of the economy. They believed that controlling the slaves and their freedom preserved the southern way of life. The majority of the land in the south was farms and plantains with slaves on the property. And the individualism of the south from the rest of America made them want to become their own country and some of the northerners agreed but many disagreed because they had slaves and believed that it should be illegal. -
Lincoln and Douglas
Lincoln was supporting the idea of abolishing slavery and the distribution of the union. While Douglas supported popular sovereignty and slavery in the south. These were seven debates between August and October 1858, located in different congressional districts around the state. Each debate followed the same structure an hour-long opening statement by one and an hour and a half-long response by the other candidate and a half-hour rebuttal by the first candidate. -
Lincoln-Douglas debates
series of seven debates between the Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas and Republican challenger Abraham Lincoln during the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign, largely concerning the issue of slavery extension into the territories. Douglas offered popular sovereignty, while Lincoln offer freedom and slavery where it is instead of allowed everywhere. -
Life in the West
People started to go west in covered wagons. Then once they had gotten there they saw all of the fertile land and long growing season. There was also attraction from the California mountain and the minerals within the mountain. Again there were many immigrants heading West where the land was cheap and was a land of opportunity. -
The union blockade
President Lincoln ordered the Union blockade of Southern ports. 264 armed Union ships patrolled the three hundred miles of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Virginia to Texas. The South was unable to keep the demand for ammunition because of the few manufacturing factories and the blockade on importing guns and ammunition. -
Sectional political parties
The Democrats met in Charleston, South Carolina, in April 1860. Douglas hoped to be nominated but they refused to vote for him unless he changed his stand on popular sovereignty. The democratic party was split because they still wanted slavery but didn't want popular sovereignty. The Republican delegates met in Chicago in May. The Republicans didn't want the extension of slavery into the territories but kept slavery in the states where it already existed. -
National Gazette
Jefferson and Madison established a newspaper to support their political views. This was the first time that a side was supported with a anewspaper.