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The U.S. economy was booming and it was effecting the growth of Canadian business in a geographic way. Almost 300 million dollars worth of metals came out of northern mines.
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Hydroelectric power was beginning its rapid expansion as a crucial source of power for business and the population.
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By 1928 Canada harvested 567,000,000 bushels of wheat and sold it for about $1.60 a bushel. Canada had become the largest wheat exporter in the world.
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A group of 500 unemployed men staged a peaceful protest in Edmonton, Alberta. The police distributed meal and bed tickets. Provincial government offers unemployed men a bed and two meals a day to help them to survive. Economists warn that these short term solutions will soon become inadequate.
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An unprecedented decade of drought set in on parts of the prairies. The once-lush fields dried up and the crops burned in the sun.
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Rules in the persons case that women are eligible to be senators
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The crash starts to impact the country.
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The crash of the New York Stock Exchange marks the beginning of the Great Depression. Prices on the Montreal and Toronto stock exhange have plunged the worst in Canadian history. After the tidal wave of liquidization in Toronto and Montreal there has been a total slump of 525,000 shares.
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• Farmers cannot afford food for their animals, thousands of horses are starving
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Government sets up cots in offices to provide overnight shelter for homeless
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Make-work projects focused on highways, wharves, railways and other public projects
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Unemployed demanding relief; riots break out; police charge 29 with vagrancy
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With almost 33% of its gainfully employed still engaged in agriculture in 1931, Canada did not have an adequate system of dispensing welfare to the jobless
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Relief costs for the Saskatchewan government escalated to $62 million, which was higher than its total revenues. At least 250,000 people left the Prairie Provinces between 1931 and 1941.
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Two dust storms bring tons of silt in Winnipeg12 Jan 1931 - This made life for farmers unbearable as they could plough or harvest their land
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A seven-month miners strike occurs in Crowsnest Pass
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Bennett had cut back severly on federal spending. This only deepened the depression as government employees were put out of work and public works projects were cancelled.
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Began in Alberta, this gave the people a person to look up to, and this man was William Alberta. He was a fundamentalist and believed in getting away from evils of the modern world.
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Toronto Maple Leafs win the Stanley Cup Vs. New York Rangers
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It creates a zone of preferential trade within the Commonwealth
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Le Devoir - A Newspaper
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In 1933 Saskatchewan farmers earned only $66 while in 1928 they earned $1614
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In 1933 the income of each province went down by 36-72%
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In Ottawa 1933 Those chosen for forced enfranchisement become citizens with voting rights and relinquish their special tax- free rights as Indians
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30% of labor force unemployed. Farming income dropped to 11 mill
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Congress passes the first federal minimum wage law in the United States: 33 cents per hour.
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St Johns, Newfoundland on November 28 1933 was faced with financial crisis, the legislature votes to relinquish Newfoundland’s dominion status, or self government and revert back to colonial status or government by commission appointed by Britain.
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The economy turns around: GNP rises 7.7 percent, and unemployment falls to 21.7 percent
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Bennett announced to the House of Commons his intention to seek changes to the British North America Act.
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• “On-to-Ottawa trek” – one thousand unemployed men from Western Provinces start a march towards Ottawa to complain to the Prime Minister about the state of relief camps
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• Newfoundland: Forty-five percent of the working male population is employed in various branches of the fishery. Harshly affected by the Depression
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The Regina Riot was a protest against the conditions at unemployment relief camps, very violent
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Between 500, 000 and 600,000 unemployed Canadians are on public relief, one tenth of population.
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Alberhart wins 53 out of 65 seats in Alberta provintial legislature.
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March 11 - Bank of Canada established
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A new political party was launched on july 19. Hennery Herbert Steven new leader→ former conservative minister. He quit the government during his inquiry into the Canadian big business. “ Reconstruction party”. People on favour of his new party because R.B bennet for not keeping his promise to eliminate sweatshops and helping the poor.
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Premier William Aberhart announces his government will sell “prosperity bonds” in an effort to clear provincial debt of 150 million in 10 years
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Mackenzie King becomes prime minister for the third time, replacing R.B. Bennett
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The birth rate dropped from 13.1 live births per 100 in 1930 to 9.7 in 1937
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The Canadian RAdio Broadcasting Commision changed its name to Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Also in that same year the Bank of Canada was nationalized.
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Mackenzie King dropped the new deal, declaring it unconstitutional and made the new Reciprocity Treaty with the U.S.
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Canadian exports shrank by 50% from 1929 to 1933. Worst hit were areas dependent on primary industries such as farming, mining and logging, as prices fell and there were few alternative jobs. Families saw most or all of their assets disappear and their debts became heavier as prices fell.
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• December 11 - the Statute of Westminster goes into effect: Canada is granted full legislative independence in national and international affairs, with the Crown represented by the Governor General.
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Industrial countries resumed their economic development but Canada remained behind the others. It would take Canada two more years to pull of the Great Depression. And this was at a high cost.
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By 1938 the Social Credit government abandoned its notions about the $25 payouts, but its inability to break with UFA policies led to disillusionment and heavy defections from the party.
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June 1939 the government gives away 10 tons of year old surplus butter to unemployed Canadians. One million Canadians are on relief
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In Ottawa, September 1939 the government forms Defense Industries Ltd. to provide explosives and munitions for the war
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September 10 1939 Canada declare war on Germany allowed many unemployed people to go to war