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Pytheas
His account of the tides is the earliest to state they are caused by the moon. -
Mar 4, 1400
Prince Henry the Navigator
Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal recognized the oceans’ importance for trade and commerce and he established a center of learning for the marine sciences, it as the first oceanographic institution. -
Jan 31, 1490
SONAR
(SOund Navigation and Ranging) A tube inserted into the water was said to be used to detect vessels by placing an ear to the tube -
Jan 4, 1500
Ferdinand Magellan
Magellan was the first European explorer to cross the Pacific Ocean and the first to sail around the world. -
Jan 6, 1522
Ferdinand Mallegan
Led first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean. -
Benjamin Franklin
He contributed to oceanography in the 1700s by making and compiling good observations of ocean currents off the US East Coast. -
James Cook
Helped find many known islands, such as Hawaii,the Cook Islands,and many more. -
Matthew Maury
He is known as the father of oceanography. On long voyages he began dropping thermometers, attached to ropes, into the water so that he could chart the changing water temperature. He thus pinpointed the locations of ocean currents -
Darwin
Led expedition to map the South American coastline and to carry out chronometer surveys all over the globe. -
THE CHALLENGER EXPEDITION
Made many discoveries that laid the foundation of oceanography. -
Bathysphere
A spherical deep-sea submersible -
Phoenicians (BC)
Traveled exstensively throughout the Med. Sea, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean. Established trade with Eastern Asia. -
Polynesians (BC)
Navigated by watching wind patterns, made maps of shells and sticks. -
Compass
Was invented by the Chinese -
Ptolemy
Ptolemy introduces latitude and longitude to the world map
