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On the night of 23-24 August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact., known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. The countries agreed that they would not attack each other and secretly divided the countries that lay between them
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On September 27, 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact. This pact formalized the alliance between the three countries, which subsequently were referred to as the Axis powers.
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Paris, the French capital, fell to the Germans on June 14, 1940. As part of the armistice agreement France signed with Germany on June 22, Germany occupied northern France and all of France's Atlantic coastline down to the border with Spain.
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The Soviet Union officially maintained neutrality during WW2 but cooperated with and assisted Germany. After Nazi Germany attacked the USSR on June 22, 1941, the country allied with the UK and then the United States after the latter joined the war in December 1941
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On September 8, 1943, Gen. Dwight Eisenhower publicly announces the surrender of Italy to the Allies. Germany reacted with Operation Axis and the Allies with Operation Avalanche. With Mussolini deposed from power and the earlier collapse of the fascist government in July
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Italy surrendered to the allied forces and switched sides to attack Germany
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Japan refused to lose so gets bombed and forced o retreat