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Balkan Wars, (1912–13) Two military conflicts that deprived the Ottoman Empire of almost all its remaining territory in Europe. In the First Balkan War, the Balkan League defeated the Ottoman Empire. which, under the terms of the peace treaty (1913), lost Macedonia and Albania. The Second Balkan War broke out after Serbia, Greece. Romania quarreled with Bulgaria over the division of their joint conquests in Macedonia. -
The assassin Gavrilo Princip was a member of a Bosnian Serb nationalist group seeking to unite territories containing ethnic Serbs under Serbia’s control. Convinced that the Serbian government had assisted Princip's group, Austria-Hungary issued a series of harsh demands, most of which the Serbs accepted. (New Zealand Government, 2023) -
Austria-Hungary nevertheless declared war on Serbia on 28 July, setting off a chain reaction of military mobilizations prompted by Europe's system of alliances. Russia and France were soon at war with Germany and Austria-Hungary (the Central Powers). When German forces invaded Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914. The First World War had begun. ( New Zealand Government, 2023) -
Tensions had been brewing throughout Europe especially in the troubled Balkan region of southeast. Europe for years before World War I actually broke out. The spark that ignited World War I was struck in Sarajevo. Bosnia, where Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire was shot to death along with his wife, Sophie. Princip and other nationalists were struggling to end Austro-Hungarian rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina. ( A&E Television Networks, 2023) -
On May 7, 1915, less than a year after World War I (1914-18) erupted across Europe. a German U-boat torpedoed and sank the RMS Lusitania. a British ocean liner en route from New York to Liverpool, England. Of the more than 1,900 passengers and crew members on board, more than 1,100 perished, including more than 120 Americans .Nearly two years would pass before the United States formally entered World War I. ( A&E Television Networks, 2023) -
Battle of Verdun, (February 21–December 18, 1916), World War I engagement in which the French repulsed a major German offensive. It was one of the longest, bloodiest, and most-ferocious battles of the war. French casualties amounted to about 400,000, German ones to about 350,000. Some 300,000 were killed. That was the Verdun war.(Britannica, 2023) -
The location was mainly chosen as it was where French and British forces on the Western Front met. But the German attack on the French at Verdun in February 1916 forced Britain to take the lead in the Somme offensive. This major offensive required both men and munitions. In 1914 Field Marshal Lord Kitchener, Secretary of State for War, had begun a massive and very successful recruiting campaign to raise his volunteer 'New Armies'.That was the gallipoli Somme battle .(Imperial War Museums, 2023) -
Zimmermann Telegram, also called Zimmermann Note, coded telegram sent January 16, 1917. by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann to the German minister in Mexico. The note revealed a plan to renew unrestricted submarine warfare and to form an alliance with Mexico and Japan if the United States declared war. The message was intercepted by the British and passed on to the United States. its publication caused outrage and contributed to the U.S. entry into World War I.(Britannica, 2023) -
The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the 20th century. The violent revolution marked the end of the Romanov dynasty and centuries of Russian Imperial rule. Economic hardship, government corruption all contributed to disillusionment with Czar Nicholas II. The Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks, led by leftist Vladimir seized power and destroyed the thing of czarist rule. They would later become the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. (History, 2023) -
The Russian death toll was enormous, Russia was continuously losing territory, and the war had sparked food shortages throughout the country. Although there was a certain level of popular sympathy for Serbia, most Russians felt that the country had little to gain in the war and much to lose. That is why Russia dropped out of WW1. ( SparkNotes, 2023) -
April 6, 1917: Two days after the U.S. Senate voted 82 to 6 to declare war against Germany, the U.S. House of Representatives endorses the declaration by a vote of 373 to 50, and America formally enters WW1. In August, Germany pledged to see to the safety of passengers before sinking unarmed vessels. but in November sunk an Italian killing 272 people, including 27 Americans. With these attacks, public opinion in the United States began to turn irrevocably against Germany. (History, 2023) -
Over the first two and a half years of the war, Russia had experienced heavy defeats against Germany but at the same time had significant successes against Austria-Hungary. In any case, however, the war had become hugely unpopular at home. (SparkNotes, 2023) -
The Battle of Château-Thierry was fought on July 18, 1918 and was one of the first actions of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) under General John J. Pershing. It was a battle in World War I as part of the Second Battle of the Marne. initially prompted by a German Spring Offensive. German and local actions at Château-Thierry recommenced on May 31 to July 22, 1918. against the AEF, an American Expeditionary Force. (Wikipidia, 2023) -
On Nov. 11, 1918, after more than four years of horrific fighting and the loss of millions of lives. the guns on the Western Front fell silent. Although fighting continued elsewhere, the armistice between Germany and the Allies was the first step to ending World War I.The global reaction was one of mixed emotions: relief, celebration, disbelief and a profound sense of loss. That is what armistice was in 11-11 1918. (National WWI Museum and Memorial, 2023) -
The Meuse-Argonne Offensive was the largest operation of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in World War 1. with over a million American soldiers participating. It was also the deadliest campaign in American history. resulting in over 26,000 soldiers being killed in action (KIA) and over 120,000 total casualties. Indeed, the number of graves in the American military cemetery at Romaine is far larger than those in the more commonly known site at Omaha Beach in Normandy.(Archives, 2023) -
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919 at the Palace of Versailles in Paris at the end of World War I. codified peace terms between Germany and the victorious Allies. The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919 at the Palace of Versailles in Paris at the end of World War I, codified peace terms between Germany and the victorious Allies. Far from the “peace without victory” that U.S. that was the Treaty of Versailles signed. (A&E Television Networks, 2023) -
The League of Nations officially came into existence on 10 January 1920. On 15 November 1920, 41 members states gathered in Geneva for the opening of the first session of the Assembly. This represented a large portion of existing states and corresponded to more than 70% of the world’s population.Officially, the League was an organization with a universal vocation. that was the First meeting of the League of Nations . ( United Nation, 2023)